Lecture 05 - Nutrition In Plants PDF

Nutrition in Plants BIOL 206 Dr. Jason Lambert Office: BI 365; F 2:00pm – 4:00pm Email: [email protected] Learning Objectives Identify and Describe the nutrients that are “essential” to the structure and function of mul...

Nutrition in Plants BIOL 206 Dr. Jason Lambert Office: BI 365; F 2:00pm – 4:00pm Email: [email protected] Learning Objectives Identify and Describe the nutrients that are “essential” to the structure and function of multicellular organisms. Describe how multicellular organisms acquire nutrients. Explain from where nutrients are absorbed and how they are processed. Explain examples of nutritive strategies, including the role of symbiotic relationships. Outline Quick Review: Plant Organs/Organ Systems and their functions Definitions: Carbon Fixation Metabolites Macronutrients/Micronutrients Soil Composition Source of mineral and organic nutrients Nutrient absorption in roots Cations and Anions Cation Exchange Mutualism Mycorrhizal fungi Bacteria Nutritive Strategies in plants: Carnivory Parasitism QUICK REVIEW Plant Organs/Organ Systems and Their Functions Partner up! 1 Identify the numbered parts What substances are move in and out of these parts (see 2 boxes with arrows) 3 1. Leaf 2. Stem 3. Root Plant Nutrition: Definitions Carbon Fixation - Plants “fix” carbon think “affix” or stick together not repair not fascination 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbons that have been strung together into carbohydrates become available for biological processes. Can be burned for energy Can be converted into carbon-backbones of other biomolecules Plant Nutrition: Definitions Molecules made by plants Primary metabolites molecules made by an organism which are directly contributing to normal growth and reproduction. Secondary metabolites molecules made by an organism which indirectly contribute to plant functions, usually by interacting with the environment to improve survival or reproductive success. Plant Nutrition: Definitions Molecules made by plants Primary metabolites molecules made by an organism which are directly contributing to normal growth and reproduction. Secondary metabolites molecules made by an organism which indirectly contribute to plant functions, usually by interacting with the environment to improve survival or reproductive success. Often toxins for defense Plant Nutrition: Definitions Substances needed by plants Macronutrients Nutritional needs of Plants and Animals substances needed in large Raw material for building macromolecules quantities PLANTS Animals used to produce primary and Carbon Minerals: Carbon Micronutrients Macronutrients secondary metabolites Hydrogen Nitrogen Potassium (K) Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium (Ca) Food macromolecules Oxygen Magnesium (Mg) Oxygen Phosphorus Phosphorus Micronutrients Sulfur Sulfur substances needed, but only in Cl Zn Cl Zn Ca K small quantities Fe Cu Fe + F Na Mn Ni Mn I B Mo Mg used to make secondary metabolites used as coenzymes or enzyme co- factors Plant Nutrition: Definitions Substances needed by plants Macronutrients substances needed in large quantities used to produce primary and secondary metabolites Micronutrients substances needed, but only in small quantities used to make secondary metabolites used as coenzymes or enzyme co- factors Plant Nutrition: Definitions Substances needed by plants Macronutrients substances needed in large quantities used to produce primary and secondary metabolites Micronutrients substances needed, but only in small quantities used to make secondary metabolites used as coenzymes or enzyme co- factors Plant Nutrition Nitrogen deficient Nutrient Deficiency (useful info for Lab 6 project!) Symptoms of nutrient deficiency give information about how the nutrient is used by the plant. Example: Magnesium is a co-factor of chlorophyll, so Mg-deficiency leads to yellowing leaves. Iron deficient Which parts of the plant are affected first indicates nutrient mobility. Plant Nutrition: The Big Picture Carbon Fixation Primary Metabolites Growth Macronutrients Secondary Metabolites Defense Micronutrients Plant Nutrition: The Big Picture Growth Growth and development are like a plant’s version of locomotion Primary and lateral roots seek out resources Axillary buds grow new stems and new leaves, expanding photosynthesis Growth requires the assimilation of new elements (nutrients) Soil Unconsolidated, biologically active medium with biotic and abiotic components. Upper limit is air/shallow water Lower limit is bedrock (consolidated material) 0 5 25 Soil depth (cm) Soils provide: mechanical support mineral nutrients water 75 oxygen 120 Soil Unconsolidated, biologically active medium with inorganic and organic components. Upper limit is air/shallow water Lower limit is bedrock (consolidated material) O 0 Major Soil Horizons 5 A 25 Surface Layer O Horizon Soil depth (cm) Topsoil A Horizon B Subsoil B Horizon Underlying C Horizon 75 Material C 120 Soil Where does soil come from? Wind Freezing Water Organisms Soil texture is categorized by particle size: and (rain) (mosses, vascular plants, Gravel Sand thawing lichens, fungi, animals, bacteria, archaea) Partic les (>2.0 mm) (0.02–2.0 mm) Pa rti cle Silt Clay s Par ticl es (0.002–0.02 mm) (