Diseases Of Thyroid Gland Lecture PDF

DISEASES OF THYROID GLAND MOHAMED ABDELHALEEM MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS Lecture contents: – Objective – Anatomy - Physiology – Types of thyroid gland diseases – Diagnosis – Complications – Treatment – dental management – Oral...

DISEASES OF THYROID GLAND MOHAMED ABDELHALEEM MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS Lecture contents: – Objective – Anatomy - Physiology – Types of thyroid gland diseases – Diagnosis – Complications – Treatment – dental management – Oral/Orofacial manifestations  By the end of this Objective session each student should be able to 2 Anatomy - Physiology identify different thyroid Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases diseases and there affect of dental treatment.  are the thyroid diseases affect dental treatment ?  Anatomy - Physiology Thyroid gland It is located just below the larynx. 1 Objective Follicular cells secrete T3, T4 2 Anatomy - Physiology (which are “assembled” in colloid). Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, which regulates blood calcium levels (decreases blood levels of calcium ions).  Anatomy - Physiology 1 Objective 2 Anatomy - Physiology Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases  Anatomy - Physiology – TSH or thyrotropin from the pituitary gland, which is itself regulated by: – Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus. 1 Objective Thyroid contain iodine! -(Iodide, from blood, is changed to 2 Anatomy - Physiology iodine). -Iodine plus tyrosine----> T3 and T4 Types of thyroid gland (thyroxine) 3 diseases Thyroid hormones stored as iodide- rich ‘thyroid colloid’,:- – Thyroxine (T4; tetra iodothyronine), half-life of 1 week – T4 is converted to tri- iodothyronine (T3) – the active form, which has a half-life of 1 day  Anatomy - Physiology Functions of thyroid gland Thyroid hormones act on 1 Objective metabolism by regulating protein synthesis 2 Anatomy - Physiology Thyroid hormones have profound effects on the Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases sensitivity of tissues to catecholamines Thyroid hormones have roles in growth, development  Anatomy - Physiology 3 Types of patients: 1 Objective Euothyroid Hyperthyroid 2 Anatomy - Physiology Hypothyroid Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases Goitre may be (Eu0thyroid ,Hyperthyroid ,Hypothyroid)  Anatomy - Physiology Goitre Enlargement of the thyroid 1 Objective gland 2 Anatomy - Physiology 1-Physiological 2-Low iodine intake or Types of thyroid gland natural goitrogens 3 diseases 3-Drugs e.g thiouracil , carbimazole  Anatomy - Physiology Goitre 4-Thyroid disease e.g Graves disease (the syndrome of 1 Objective hyperthyroidism + exophthalmos + enlargement of the thyroid) 2 Anatomy - Physiology 5-Thyroiditis Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases 6-Carcinoma 7-Cretinism Goitre endanger the airway  Anatomy - Physiology 1 Objective Goitre = 2 Anatomy - Physiology enlarged thyroid Types of thyroid gland 3 diseases due to lack of iodine