Computer Law Lec 2 PDF

Computer law lec2 Cyber crimes against property These crimes include computer vandalism ‫تخريب‬ (destruction of others' property ‫ )ملكية‬and transmission of harmful viruses or programs. Cyber crimes against property 1. Intellectual Property Crimes ‫جرائم الملكية الفكرية‬:  Intel...

Computer law lec2 Cyber crimes against property These crimes include computer vandalism ‫تخريب‬ (destruction of others' property ‫ )ملكية‬and transmission of harmful viruses or programs. Cyber crimes against property 1. Intellectual Property Crimes ‫جرائم الملكية الفكرية‬:  Intellectual property consists of a bunch of rights.  Any unlawful act by which the owner is deprived ‫محروم‬ completely or partially of his rights is a crime.  The most common type of IPR violation may be said to be software piracy ‫قرصنة‬, infringement ‫ انتهاك‬of copyright, trademark ‫العالمة التجارية‬, patents ‫براءة االختراع‬, designs and service mark violation, theft of computer source code, etc. Cyber crimes against property 2- Cyber Squatting( ‫السطو االلكترونى او احتالل المجاالت عبر‬ ‫)االنترنت‬:  It involves two persons claiming for the same Domain Name either by claiming that they had registered the name first or by right of using it before the other or using something similar to that previously. For example two similar names i.e. www.yahoo.com and www.yahhoo.com. Cyber crimes against property 3- CyberVandalism ‫التخريب االلكترونى‬:  Vandalism means deliberately ‫ بتعمد‬damaging property of another.  Thus cyber vandalism means destroying or damaging the data or information stored in computer when a network service is stopped or disrupted.  It may include any kind of physical harm done to the computer of any person. These acts may take the form of the theft of a computer, some part of a computer or a peripheral or a device attached to the computer. Cyber crimes against property 4- Hacking Computer System ‫ القرصنة على نظام الكمبيوتر‬:  Hackers attack those included Famous Twitter, blogging platform by unauthorized access/control over the computer.  Due to the hacking activity there will be loss of data.  Also were not research especially indicates that those attacks mainly intended for financial gain too but they diminish the reputation ‫ ينال من سمعة‬of particular person or company. Cyber crimes against property 5- TransmittingVirus ‫ارسال فيرس الكمبيوتر‬:  Viruses are programs written by programmers that attach themselves to a computer or a file and then circulate themselves to other files and to other computers on a network.  They mainly affect the data on a computer, either by altering or deleting it. Cyber crimes against property 6- CyberTrespass ‫انتهاك الحرمات االلكترونى‬: It means to access someone’s computer or network without the right authorization of the owner and disturb, alter, misuse, or damage data or system by using wireless internet connection. Cyber crimes against property 7- Internet Time Thefts:  It is the use by an unauthorized person, of the Internet hours paid for by another person.  The person who gets access to someone else’s ISP(internet service provider) user ID and password, either by hacking or by gaining access to it by illegal means, uses it to access the Internet without the other person’s knowledge.  You can identify time theft if your Internet time has to be recharged often, despite infrequent usage. Cyber crimes against government Cyber crimes against government Cyber terrorism ‫االرهاب االلكترونى‬  The growth of internet has shown that the medium of Cyberspace is being used by individuals and groups to threaten the international governments as also to threaten the citizens of a country.  This crime manifests ‫ تظهر‬itself into terrorism when an individual "cracks" into a government or military maintained website.  When the European Convention drafted ‫ صياغة‬the Cyber Crime Convention, no exact definition of cyber crime was provided. Every country has its own way of defining cyber crime, which is peculiar to its own socio-cultural situations ‫ األوضاع االجتماعية والثقافية‬.  Cybercrimes Against Society at large An unlawful act done with the intention of causing harm to the cyberspace will affect large number of persons. Cybercrimes Against Society at large 1. Child Pornography ‫المواقع االباحية لالطفال‬: In this act there is use of computer networks to create, distribute, or access materials that sexually exploit underage children. It also includes activities concerning indecent exposure( ‫الفضح‬ ‫ )غير المحتشم‬and obscenity‫المجون او الفحش‬. 2. Cyber Trafficking ‫ التهريب االلكترونى‬: It involves trafficking in drugs, human beings, arms weapons etc. which affects large number of persons. Cybercrimes Against Society at large 3. Online Gambling ‫ القمار او الرهان‬: Online fraud and cheating is one of the most lucrative ‫مربح‬ businesses that are growing today in the cyber space. In India a lot of betting ‫ رهان‬and gambling is done on the name of cricket through computer and internet. 4. Financial Crimes: culprit ‫ المجرم‬will try to attack by sending bogus ‫ كاذب‬mails or messages through internet. Ex: Using credit cards by obtaining password illegally. Cybercrimes Against Society at large 5- Forgery ‫التزييف‬:  It means to deceive ‫ تخدع‬large number of persons by sending threatening mails as online business transactions are becoming the habitual ‫ معتاد‬need of today’s life style. Online Fraud  Internet Fraud ‫ النصب‬refers to any type of fraud scheme ‫ مخطط‬that uses email, web sites, chat rooms or message boards to present fraudulent solicitations ‫تحريض‬ ‫ على النصب واالحتيال‬to prospective victims ‫الضحايا المحتملين‬, to conduct fraudulent transactions‫ التعامالت االحتيالية‬or to transmit ‫ ينقل‬the proceeds ‫ العائدات‬of fraud to financial institutions or to others connected with the scheme.  Online Fraud 1- Spam ‫ بريد مؤذي‬: ‘junk mail’ or unwanted messages. persuade you to buy a product or service, visit a website where you can make purchases; trick you into divulging ‫ اباحة‬your bank account or credit card details.  2- Scams :‫الفخ‬These schemes often arrive uninvited by email. Nigerian Scam( ‫وتشمل عمليات االحتيال النيجيرية تقدم لك حصة في مبلغ‬.‫ )كبير من المال على شرط لك مساعدتها على نقلها خارج بالدهم‬or Lotto Scams( ‫اإلعالنات إبالغ المستفيدين أنهم قد حصلت مبالغ كبيرة من المال‬ ‫)في اليانصيب الخارجية‬ Online Fraud 3- Spyware ‫ برامج التجسس‬: software that is secretly installed on a computer (without the permission or knowledge) personal information, business information, bandwidth or processing capacity ‫ السعة‬and secretly gives it to someone else. 4- Phishing ‫التصيد االحتيالي‬: is a technique used to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft. gain access to people’s online banking details. targeting online banking customers, online auction ‫ المزادات‬sites online payment facilities. Online Fraud 5- Internet banking fraud ‫االحتيال المصرفي عبر اإلنترنت‬ illegally remove money from a bank account transfer money to an account in a different bank. 6- Identity theft ‫انتحال الشخصية‬ use of personal identifying information of an actual person, or fictitious identity ‫شخصية زائفة‬. (either living or dead) Suggestions to prevent loss from Online Fraud  Consideration of using a low-limit separate credit card for online purchases to minimize the potential loss if things go wrong.  Limiting the amount of personal information you allow to be ‘the public domain’ i.e.: social networking sites that could be used to assist in identity theft.  Keeping anti-virus and firewall software up to date. Crime prevention  Crime prevention Efforts made by governments or people to reduce crime, enforce the law, and maintain criminal justice.  Several factors must come together for a crime to occur: 1. individual or group must have the desire or motivation to participate in prohibited behavior; 2. some of the participants must have the skills and tools needed to commit the crime; 3. opportunity must be acted upon. Crime prevention 1- Primary prevention address individual and family level factors correlated with later criminal participation.  Individual level factors such as attachment to school and involvement in pro-social activities decrease the probability of criminal involvement.  Family level factors such as consistent parenting skills similarly reduce individual level risk. Crime prevention  Secondary prevention uses techniques focusing on at risk situations such as youth who are dropping out of school or getting involved in gangs. It targets social programs and law enforcement at neighborhoods where crime rates are high.  Tertiary prevention is used after a crime has occurred in order to prevent successive incidents.