Pharmaceutics Lecture 7: Tincture PDF

Pharmaceutics Lecture 7: TINCTURE 2nd stage  Introduction to TINCTURE Tinctures are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances. Depending on the preparation, tinctures contain alcohol in amounts...

Pharmaceutics Lecture 7: TINCTURE 2nd stage  Introduction to TINCTURE Tinctures are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances. Depending on the preparation, tinctures contain alcohol in amounts ranging from approximately 15 to 80%. The alcohol content protects against microbial growth and keeps the alcohol-soluble extractives in solution. In addition to alcohol, other solvents, such as glycerin, may be employed. Tinctures must be tightly stoppered and not exposed to excessive temperatures. Many tinctures must be stored in light- resistant containers and protected from sunlight. Disadvantages of Tinctures 1. Unpleasant taste. 2. Physician will prefer single drug instead of preparation from plants. 3. High alcohol content. Examples Of Tinctures Applied Topically 1. Green soap Tincture : Coconut & Vegetable Oil-based Soap Blend, 30% Ethyl Alcohol, Glycerin, 2% Lavender Oil. used in: skin cleaning after tattoo and piercing. suitable for cleaning the surgical instruments. Its oily base makes it a great skin soother and help to keep the skin soft. Glycerin content will help to restore moisture to skin and minimize the drying effects of alcohol. Gets its name from its natural yellowy green but can in fact be any colour. 2. Compound Benzoin Tincture (CTB): is applied to skin before applying adhesive bandages. It protects the skin from allergy to the adhesive and it makes the tape adhere much longer. ❑ Orthopedists applying a cast often spray CTB in an aerosol can onto skin before casting, as it protects the skin under the cast, and diminishes itching. ❑ It is also used as an oral mucosal protectant. 3. Iodine Tincture: is an antiseptic, it is also called weak iodine solution. It is usually 2–7% elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide or sodium iodide, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water. Variations of Official Tinctures are on: 1. Method of Preparation. 2. Strength of their active constituent. 3. Alcohol content. 4. Intended use in medicine or pharmacy.  Old method of preparation of tincture Following steps to be performed for the preparation: i) To prepare a tincture with a shelf life of at least one year, Plan on using a minimum of 40% alcohol (for extracting). ii) Use a dark coloured bottle for the preparation. iii) Dried and powdered plant material was taken in bottle. iv) Standard preparation has 4:1 ratio i.e 4 parts of liquid & 1 part of herb. v) To that add ½ cup of water and ½ cup of 180 proof alcohol. vi) Then soak it for 4 weeks (It should be away from light and store in a cool place). vii) Then filter it. viii) Filtered solution is transferred to the suitable container.  Method of preparation of tinctures 1. By simple solution -‐ tinctures prepared from chemical substances. Example: iodine, thimerosal, and nitromersol tinctures 2. By extraction -‐ by maceration or percolation Examples: compound cardamom tincture A. Maceration: MACERATION The word "MACERATION" means "Softening". Mainly it is used in the preparation of tinctures, extracts and Concentrated infusions. This is the simplest method of crude drug extraction. Examples: compound benzoin tinctures; sweet orange peel tincture and tolu balsam tincture B. Percolation: Examples: belladona tincture and vanilla tincture.  Strength of their Active components There is no set strength for compound tincture. They vary with particular preparation. The amount of crude drugs used to prepare each 100mL of tincture is generally as follows: (Belladona Tincture) Potent drugs: Balledona leaf –10 g Non potent drug: Tolu Balsam – 20 g Undried fresh fruit peel: sweet orange peel – 50 g Pharmaceutical Uses As flavoring tinctures: like vanilla, sweet orange peel, Tolu balsam tinctures. Medicinal use: Iodine Tincture, Thimerosal, Nitromersol Tinctures. Anti-infective: Compound Benzoin Tincture. Topical protectant: Green soap Tincture. Topical detergent: Belladona Tincture -Anticholinergic  Evaluation of tincture a. Relative density (or) specific gravity. b. Total solid residue. c. PH. d. Moisture content.