Management 3 (Organizing, Leading) PDF

Management 3 (Organizing , leading ) BY DR. REHAM ELKALLA By the end of this lecture the student will be able to Define the organizing managerial function Realize Importance of organizing...

Management 3 (Organizing , leading ) BY DR. REHAM ELKALLA By the end of this lecture the student will be able to Define the organizing managerial function Realize Importance of organizing Learn how to delegate properly Objectives Define leading managerial function Differentiate between leader and manager. Recognize different types of managerial styles Identify Manger traits and behaviours The Second Management Function “Organizing” Organization is the process of identifying and grouping of the works to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most efficiently". Importance of Organizing Organizing helps Organizations to reap the benefit of specialization. Organizing provides for Optimum utilization of resources. Organizing helps in Effective administration. Organizing channels for Expansion and growth. Organizing achieves co-ordination among different departments. Organizing creates scope for new change.  Organizational Structure Organizational Structure The vertical and horizontal design of departments, authority, and jobs within any hospital, company or any organization Organizational Process The collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value. Line versus Staff Authority Line authority The right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command A B Staff authority A B The right to advise but not command others  Delegation ▪ Delegation means that someone with authority gives another person the authority to take responsibility for a specific activity when the need arises. ▪ The delegate can NOT re-delegate the authority. ▪ This management principle is meant to facilitate the work, and to decrease the load from the boss. ▪This has been stated in different words "Get the monkeys off your back"; or "Never do anything yourself what another can do for you as well as you would". Delegation of Authority How to be a More Effective Delegator 1. Trust your staff to be a good job 2. Avoid seeing perfection 3. Give effective job instructions 4. Know your true interests 5. Follow up on progress. 6. Praise the efforts of your staff. 7. Don’t wait to the last minute to delegate. 8. Ask questions, expect answers, assist employees. 9. Provide the resources you would provide if doing the assignment yourself. 10. Delegate to the lowest possible level. Learn how to delegate effectively Degree of Centralization ▪ Centralization of authority ▪ primary authority is held by upper management ▪ Decentralization ▪ significant authority is found in lower levels of the organization ▪ Standardization ▪ solving problems by applying rules, procedures, and processes Job Specialization ▪ A job that is a small part of a larger task or process ▪ Jobs are simple, easy to learn, and economical ▪ Can lead to low satisfaction, high absenteeism, & employee turnover Job Rotation, Enlargement, and Enrichment ▪ Job Rotation ▪ periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another ▪ Job Enlargement ▪ increasing the number of tasks performed by a worker ▪ Job Enrichment ▪ adding more tasks and authority to an employee’s job  Empowerment Permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibilities from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make good decisions. ▪ A feeling of motivation. ▪ Workers perceive meaning in their work. ▪ Employees are capable of self-determination. The third “Leading” The ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals. "Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly toward the achievement of a group goal." Manager Vs Brain-Storm Leader  Manager Vs Leader Leader Manager The leader innovates The manager administers The leader “develops” The manager “maintains” The leader relies on people The manager relies on systems The leader counts on trust The manager counts on control The leader does the “right things” The manager does “things right” Managerial styles The managerial grid reflects two dimensions of leadership behavior. ▪It has two axis: Concern for production (on the X-axis) …..and… Concern for people (on the Y-axis). ▪It has a 9-point scale on each access. ▪The scale ranges from 1 (lowest priority) to 9 (highest priority) Managerial Grid (9,9) Team manager Work accomplishment is from committed people; leads to relationships of trust and respect. (9,1): Authority - Obedience management Focuses on Efficiency in operations. Results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree. (5,5): Middle-of-Road Manager Adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level.  (1,9): Country club management 23 ▪ Thoughtful attention to needs of people for satisfying relationships. ▪ This leads to a comfortable friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo. (1,1): Impoverished management Exertion of minimum effort to get required work done. 0 Who Leaders Are and What Leaders Do Leadership Leadership traits Behavior  Personal traits Leadership traits are the personal qualities that shape effective leaders. Knowledge Honesty of the and Business Integrity Desire Self- to Lead Confidence Drive Emotional Stability Cognitive Ability  Leadership Behaviors Initiating Structure (Task orientation) The degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks. Consideration (People Orientation) The extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern for employees. Working example : Problem Solving We are going to conduct Two projects in a country X during 2021-2022. Could you help us to prepare the goal and the objectives for those 2 projects: Health Mother and Healthy child using the following set of indicators: Determine goals and objectives 1.Decrease in neonatal mortalities 2. 3.Increase Iron supplementation to pregnant 4. Provide essential obstetric care to emergency cases in natal care services 5.Increase antenatal care coverage 6.Increase immunization coverage 7.Improve well baby care services Decrease Maternal Mortality rate 8.Improve sick baby care services