Patient Preparation, Specimen Collection, and Processing PDF
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Uploaded by DazzlingFreedom
UP College of Medicine
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This document outlines patient preparation, specimen collection, and blood sample processing. It covers various pre-collection variables, including non-modifiable, long-term, and short-term modifiable factors. The document also details materials for blood collection and types of blood samples, such as whole blood, plasma, and serum. It highlights the importance of proper timing and identifying patient information for accurate results and considers sex-specific differences in analyte concentration.
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○ Inform the patient to avoid factors/activities that might influence the results OUTLINE ○ If unavoidable, specify/declare possible influence on...
○ Inform the patient to avoid factors/activities that might influence the results OUTLINE ○ If unavoidable, specify/declare possible influence on results PRE-COLLECTION VARIABLES 1 ○ Take note of proper timing to collect the blood I. CATEGORIES OF PRE-COLLECTION 1 ○ Example: Cigarettes can affect blood analytes through A. Non-modifiable 1 nicotine, which increases cortisol, thereby affecting blood B. Long-term and modifiable 1 sugar levels by causing an increase C. Short-term and modifiable 2 For patient-related influencing factors, different reference II. PATIENT IDENTIFICATION 3 ranges for men, women, pregnant women, and age groups A. Verbal identification 3 should be considered. B. Physical identification 3 C. Checking labeled specimen 3 CATEGORIES OF PRE-COLLECTION VARIABLES NON-MODIFIABLE MATERIALS FOR BLOOD COLLECTION 3 A. Antiseptic 3 Variables that cannot be changed B. Cotton or gauze 3 SEX C. Tourniquet 3 D. Needle 4 Differences between sex in analyte concentration can account E. Syringe 4 up to 80% F. Blood collection tubes 4 Sex-specific hormones G. Tape or Band-aid 4 Men have higher alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferase, H. Disposable Container 4 creatine kinase, and aldolase levels I. Gloves 5 ○ Due to larger muscle mass Women have lower levels of magnesium, calcium, albumin, BLOOD SAMPLES 5 hemoglobin (Hbag), serum iron, and ferritin I. TYPES OF BLOOD SAMPLES 5 ○ Due to menstrual cycle and hormonal changes A. Whole blood 5 B. Plasma 5 Table 1 C. Serum 5 Average levels of certain parameters in men and women II. COAGULATION CASCADE, CLOT ACTIVATOR 5 Parameter Man Woman Unit PARTICLES AND ANTICOAGULANTS Alanine aminotransferase
