Lecture 1: Course Introduction - Epidemiology and Biostatistics (BMS222) - PDF

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Faculty of Medicine

2024

Tariq N. Al-Shatanawi

Tags

epidemiology biostatistics cohort studies public health

Summary

This lecture introduces the epidemiology and biostatistics course (BMS222). It provides an overview of the course content, including an introduction to biostatistics and details on observational and experimental studies. It touches on topics like descriptive studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies. It is part of a larger course in public health.

Full Transcript

#Epi, #Epimidiology Faculty of Medicine Epidemiology and Biostatistics (BMS222) ‫اﻟﻮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎت واﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻟﺤﯿﻮي‬ Lecture 1 Course Introduction...

#Epi, #Epimidiology Faculty of Medicine Epidemiology and Biostatistics (BMS222) ‫اﻟﻮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺎت واﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻟﺤﯿﻮي‬ Lecture 1 Course Introduction Introduction to biostatistics Tariq N. Al-Shatanawi MPH PhD Record https://youtu.be/JzKvl8lUhkQ?si=p4fpVW5wdpo1fBfF 14-7-2024 1 · only observing occurrence of this disease risk factors ‫ او‬exposure ‫ما بغير اي اشي‬ persons‫ او ال‬occurrence of cases‫او ال‬ Observational studies: infected Descriptive studies Cohort (Prospective) studies Case-control (Retrospective) studies ‫ الي رح‬0‫بحدد م‬ Non-observational studies: there's intervention ‫ج الي انا‬9‫يتعرض للع‬. A 0‫عم اختبره وم‬ Experimental studies (interventional) studies Allocation for exposure. Revision : observational answer the Answer who Analytical , 99 Determinant What, where 22 Descriptive of the disease. and When. sectional cohort study cross , Survey (snaphshot), Case control case report, case series study Non-observational. · Randomization exposure ‫ ما رح يصير عندو‬0‫ وم‬exposure ‫ رح يصير عندو‬0‫معناتو تحديد م‬ - observational : just observing things without intervention Example of Ecologic Analysis Dependent (+) correlation Age-adjusted incidence of rectal 25 20 A ‫قصود انو‬K‫ > but latency bias could occur COHORT STUDY: ADVANTAGES ‫ مشكلتها انها عندها‬NCDs ‫ وال‬NCDs‫ئمة لل‬.‫حكينا انها م‬ ‫ ما‬q‫ مبين‬clinically‫ فممكن هدول الناس ال‬long latency period first stage of this disease ‫ يكون عندهم‬disease‫عندهم هاد ال‬ I ‫ الي انا عم بدرسه ما كان هو السبب بتشكل‬exposure‫ففعليا ال‬ ‫ كان عنده ا_رض فهيك انا بالخطأ‬.‫نو هو اص‬J ‫هاد ا_رض‬ group‫حطيتو مع ال‬ If prospective, minimizes bias in:  Selection, since enrollment is completed without knowledge of disease outcome  exposure measurement Latency Bias, COHORT STUDIES — DISADVANTAGES 1. Follow-up: logistics, losses 2 &. Many subjects needed for rare disease e. Exposure can change over time 3 4 Prospective: time-consuming, costly, observation can influence behaviors. 5 Retrospective: requires suitable records.. Changes in practice, usage, exposures may make findings irrelevant 6 COHORT STUDY: ISSUES Is exposure unchanging throughout the period of follow-up? If persons are lost-to-follow-up, before they develop disease and before the study is completed….can they be included in the analysis? quantifying ‫ واعمل‬person time rate‫ او اضطر ادخلهم بالدراسة واطلع ال‬comulative incident‫هون رح اضطر يا اما اشيلهم واطلع ال‬ COHORT STUDY: ISSUES Was exposure accurately measured?  Were exposure data collected explicitly for the purpose of the study? Are data on potential confounders available for analysis? ‫رض‬A‫خفي الي بسبب ا‬A‫العامل ا‬ controlling ‫زم نعمللها‬N ‫بتخرب اي دراسة لذلك‬ COHORT STUDY: ISSUES Measurement of exposure status or disease outcome should be similar for all compared groups COHORT STUDIES – SUMMARY Test hypotheses about disease risk factors / causes Cohort studies Exposure  disease (cause  effect) Prospective or retrospective Measure of association = RR Often large, expensive

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