Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

• The course is titled "Introduction to Dental Anatomy," led by Dr. Sara El-Banna.
• Dr. Samah Kamel is the course director.
• The course focuses on the development, morphology, function, and identification of the teeth in the human dentition.
• It also examines the relationship between teeth and their surrounding structures.

Learning Objectives

• Students are expected to understand and recognize oral and dental terminologies.
• They should be able to differentiate between different numbering systems.

Structures of the Oral Cavity

• Lips: The mouth has two lips, the upper and lower lip, with two grooves: the nasolabial groove and the labiomental groove.
• Gingiva: This is the tissue surrounding the cervical part of the tooth, which should be pale pink in color.
• Cheeks: This is the lining of the outside cheeks.
• Tongue: This is a muscular and glandular tissue with two surfaces: dorsal and ventral. The dorsal surface is important for taste.
• Floor of the Mouth: It contains blood vessels and bilateral bulges, which are salivary glands.
• Roof of the Mouth (Palate): The anterior part, which covers bone, is called the hard palate. The posterior part, which covers muscles, is called the soft palate. The most posterior part is called the uvula.
• Teeth: The teeth are the primary focus of dental anatomy.

Dental Arches and Quadrants

• Teeth are organized in two arches, the upper (maxilla) and the lower (mandible) arches.
• Each arch is divided into two quadrants by a midline.
• The oral cavity has four quadrants in total.

Types of Teeth

• Anterior teeth:
  • Incisors: They are chisel-like and used for cutting.
  • Canines: They are wedge-like and used for tearing.
• Posterior teeth:
  • Premolars: Used for grinding.
  • Molars: Used for grinding.

Types of Dentition

• Deciduous Dentition (Primary, Baby Teeth): This dentition consists of 20 teeth (10 maxillary and 10 mandibular). Each quadrant has 5 teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars.
• Mixed Dentition: This is the period when both deciduous and permanent teeth coexist in the mouth.
• Permanent Dentition (Secondary, Adult Teeth): This dentition consists of 32 teeth (16 maxillary and 16 mandibular). Each quadrant has 8 teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars.

Dental Formula

• Deciduous Dental Formula:
  • 2 I 1 C 2 M = 10 (each side of the mouth)
• Permanent Dental Formula:
• 2 I 1 C 2 PM 3 M = 16 (each side of the mouth)

Important Note

• Teeth that replace deciduous teeth are called succedaneous teeth.
• Permanent molars are not preceded by deciduous teeth and are considered non-succedaneous teeth.

Functions of Teeth

• Mastication (Chewing): The primary function of teeth.
• Appearance: Teeth contribute to facial esthetics.
• Speech: Teeth play a role in the articulation of sounds.
• Growth of Jaws: Teeth help guide the growth and development of the jaws.

Dental Numbering Systems

• Used for communication and documentation in dentistry.

• Three systems are widely used:

• Universal Numbering System: Permanent teeth are numbered 1 – 32, and deciduous teeth are numbered 1- 20 with a "d" added.

• Palmer's Notation System: Represents the four quadrants using horizontal and vertical lines. The system uses numbers for permanent teeth, and letters for deciduous teeth. Letters are paired with Roman numerals to represent deciduous teeth. - Federation Dentaire International (FDI) or Two-Digit System: Uses a binomial system with a two-digit code. The first digit indicates the quadrant, and the second digit indicates the tooth number within the quadrant.

This quiz covers the basics of dental anatomy, including the development, morphology, and function of human teeth. Students will learn to identify various structures within the oral cavity and understand dental terminologies. Engage with key concepts about the relationship between teeth and supporting structures.