Computer Hardware Lecture Notes PDF

Computer Hardware ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT Ms. Sassandara Ranasingha  Learning outcomes After completing this session student will be able to: identify different type of computer hardware. identify components in Motherb...

Computer Hardware ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT Ms. Sassandara Ranasingha  Learning outcomes After completing this session student will be able to: identify different type of computer hardware. identify components in Motherboard. identify the different slots and ports in Motherboard. identify power supply units and their properties. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 2  Computer Hardware Input/output devices Processing device Storage devices Communications devices ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 3  Input devices ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 4  Activity 1 Q1. Identify the hardware components in your own computer. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 5  Activity 2 Q1. list the most suitable input devices which has to be used with computer in a restaurant. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 6  Output devices ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 7  Activity 3 Q1. list the most suitable Output devices which has to be used in an office. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 8  Input/output devices I/O Units gather data and transform them in to series of electronic signals for the computer. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 9  Input/output devices ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 10  Input/output devices ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 11  Processing devices The processing device is the computer’s hardware component that used to handle the storage and retrieval of the information. These devices are used to process the data with the given instructions through a program. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the ‘brain’ of the computer system. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 12  Manufacturers of processing devices AMD Intel Nvidia Asus EVGA Gigabyte Sapphire Development of processing device Intel Processors AMD Processors o i3 Processors o AMD A4 Processor o i5 Processors o AMD A6 Processor o i7 Processors o AMD A8 Processor o AMD A10 Processor ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 13  Types of Processing devices There are list of different types of processing devices in the computer; Central processing unit (CPU) – CPU executes all instructions, which can be input and output operations or logical or numerical comparisons. Graphics processing unit (GPU)- This is a chip which helps in processing graphics and images, GPU has the responsibility in rendering 2D and 3D images, video and animations. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 14  Other Processing devices  There are other processing device in the computer. Graphics processing unit (GPU) Network card processing. Sound card processing. Video card processing. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 15  Storage devices Primary storage : Directly communicate with CPU. Volatile and fast memory. Secondary storage: Directly not connected with CPU. Non-volatile and slow memory. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 16  Communication devices Computer communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 17  Communication devices A communication device is a hardware device capable of transmitting a signal over the telephone, other communication wire, or wirelessly. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 18  Motherboard Motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer system, and it is also called the “Main board or Logic board”. Every motherboard consist the group of chip and controller known as chipset. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 19  Motherboard Slots Ports ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 20  Motherboard Form Factors In Motherboard form factor, measure various factors such as logical design, size, its components, and power supply connectors placement in the motherboard. Types of Motherboard: o AT Motherboard o XT Motherboard o ATX Motherboard o ITX Motherboard ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 21  Motherboard Components CPU Socket Chipset RAM Slot IDE Controller PCI Slot ISA Slot AGP Slot CMOS Battery Power Supply Plug in Switches and Jumpers ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 22  CPU Socket and Processor CPU Chip/ CPU Socket: Central Processing Unit, also known as a “Microprocessor” can perform all activities related to logical operations. CPU works as the “Brain of the Computer”. CPU socket is used to install the various processors on the motherboard. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 23  Chipset A chipset is a set of integrated circuit that helps to work together to deliver a single function. A chipset controls external buses, memory cache and some peripherals. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 24  Motherboard Chips North Bridge handles the high-speed communication between the CPU, memory, and graphics card Southbridge manages the slower input/output (I/O) operations and connects devices like hard drives (HD), universal serial bus (USB) devices, and audio interfaces. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 25  Memory Slots RAM Slot RAM slots are used for connecting RAM to the motherboard. RAM has various data capacities, and it measures in Bytes. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 26  Storage Device Connectors IDE Slot Stands for “Integrated Drive Electronics”, it is also known as ATA or parallel ATA (PATA). The main objective of IDE is to connect hard drives along with a 40-pin ribbon cable. SATA Slot SATA is a computer bus interface or standard hardware interface that connects hard drives, Solid State Drives (SSD), and CD/DVD drives to the computer. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 27  Expansion Card Slots ISA Slot Industry Standard Architecture- ISA is a type of bus used in PCs for adding expansion cards. used to add a video card, a network card… AGP Slot Accelerated Graphics Port- AGP used for connecting a graphics card (display adapter) to a PC. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 28  CMOS battery CMOS : It is a small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the Basic Input/ Output System (BIOS) settings such as date and time. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 29  Power Supply Unit A computer Power Supply Unit (PSU) is an internal hardware component. A power supply converts the 230V alternating high voltage current (AC) into direct current (DC) Most desktop computers use power supplies that conform to the standard ATX format, The illustration below shows a typical ATX PSU. PSU watts range from around 250 watts up to 2000 watts. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 30  Power Supply Cables The motherboard has two power connections, and there are two connectors specifically for SATA devices (drives). The other connectors will run fans and other non-SATA devices. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 31  Common PSU Connectors The connectors can vary from one model to another P1: ATX12V (P4): 4-pin power connector that 20-pin or 24-pin connector that goes to the motherboard in addition to a provides power to the motherboard. 20-pin P1 to supply power to the processor. Molex: A 4-pin peripheral power connector that supplies power to IDE disk drives and CD-ROM/DVD drives. Serial ATA: This is a 15-pin power connector mainly used for SATA hard drives. PCI Express: A 6-pin or (more recently) 8-pin power connector used for PCI Express graphics cards. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 32  Common PSU Connectors The main PSU connectors and their pin outputs are illustrated in the diagram below. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 33  Other Connectors Switches and Jumpers There are three types such as DIP switch (Dual In-Line Package), Jumper pins, and Jumper caps. Jumper caps is used to configure the all types of expansion cards. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 34  Front I/O Connectors It can provide audio output, data output/input, and multiple LEDs indicator to identify the current status of the computer. We can provide the fly wire panel with USB2.0 or USB3.0 The transmission speed can be up to 5Gbps compared with 480Mbps of USB2.0 ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 35  Ports in Back panel PS/2 Port Parallel Port USB Port Serial port VGA port Ethernet port Audio port ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 36  Input/ Output Ports PS/2 Port : PS/2 connector Ports are used in traditional motherboard for various devices such as mouse and keyboard. It has 6- pin connector along with mini DIN plug. Parallel Port: In conventional printers were used to parallel port. Parallel port has to use 25-pin F/M DB connector. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 37  USB Port : Universal serial bus - USB is designed for devices such as keyboards, scanners, cameras, and printers. In USB, no need to restart computer after connecting the computer peripherals. Serial port: Serial port is a serial communication interface through which information transfers in or out sequentially. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 38  VGA port: VGA port is used to connect graphics output devices like CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) monitors or LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) monitors to the computer. Ethernet port An Ethernet port is an opening on a computer in which you can plug an Ethernet cable. It connects wired network hardware to an Ethernet LAN. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 39  VGA port: Ethernet port ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 40  Audio ports A PC motherboard comes with various types of audio ports as Line-in, Line-out, Mic-in audio ports. In most motherboards, they appear to be Blue, Lime and Pink colour. A Line-in port is used to connect external audio devices such as CD players, music instruments and microphones. A Line-out port is used to connect output audio devices such as speakers and headphones. A Mic-in port is used to connect microphones for recording audio. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 41  Uninterruptible Power Supply An Uninterruptible Power Supply, UPS or battery backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source. There are three types of UPS are available. They are Offline UPS Online UPS Line interactive UPS ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 42 ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 43  Offline UPS The mains to battery changeover time or battery to mains changeover time in offline UPS is very low as compared to inverters. Typically, changeover time in inverters is 500 milliseconds & Offline UPS has a changeover time of 3-8 milliseconds. ICT0X03 Essentials of ICT 44