Leadership & MGMT Exam Review PDF

Decentralized organization structures ○ Allows decision making to be made at the level of which problem occurs Decision can be made at the lowest practical level How does decentralized organizational structure promote decision making? A) Allows problems to be solved at t...

Decentralized organization structures ○ Allows decision making to be made at the level of which problem occurs Decision can be made at the lowest practical level How does decentralized organizational structure promote decision making? A) Allows problems to be solved at the level at which they occur B) Encourages decisions to be made by top-level hierarchy C) Limits communication to managers at various levels D) Assigns responsibility at the highest practical level Grapevine communication is difficult to control or stop (“he said, she said”) ○ Not a reliable source, but occurs everywhere After starting a new job, a nurse-manager has been surprised at the amount of grapevine communication that happens. The manager should recognize what characteristic of this type of communication? a. It is difficult to control or stop. b. It always involves verbal, face-to-face communication. c. It consists of negative and subversive messages. d. Strong organizations have policies that prohibit it. Professional specialty certification is one way that an employee can demonstrate achievement of your competencies ○ Achieving a new specialty certification is where you need to be when applying for a new job How can a nursing professional demonstrate advanced achievement of competencies? A) Lateral transfer B) Professional specialty certification C) Transfer to a new department D) Professional registered nursing licensure First step in career coaching: observe employees & gather data ○ Manager on the floor will observe employees to see who would most benefit from coaching Some employees come in & hit the ground running (fast learners) Some are scared and come in like a deer in the headlights A nurse-manager is launching career coaching program in the workplace. What is the manager's best initial action? a. Observe employees to see who would most benefit from coaching. b. Publicize the program to elicit as many participants as possible. c. Arrange a meeting to present the learning objectives for the program. d. Link participation in the program to employees' performance appraisals. Content of a resume should be able to grasped quickly by the individual doing the hiring ○ Concise & reliable key points ○ Ensure the document is concise & easy to read A nurse is constructing a resumé before beginning to search for a new job. When creating a resumé, the nurse should: a. give equal weight to strong and weak points. b. aim for at least four to five pages in length. c. use complex, scholarly language to demonstrate competence. d. ensure that the document is concise and easy to read. Career Development Phases ○ Promise phase - earliest for the career phase; first 10 years of nursing employment Gaining exposure to variety of experience is your focus Cross training Learn as much as you can learn A nurse is currently in the "promise" phase of career development. What goal should the nurse prioritize during this stage? a. Acting as a role model to recent graduates b. Gaining exposure to a variety of experiences c. Avoiding obsolescence d. Graduating from nursing school Manager initial action as it related to developing a training program to start identifying the knowledge & skills needed on the floor ○ Identify the learning needs of the new nurse so you can correct any deficits they have in patient care The manager is organizing a class to prepare nurses to function in the neonatal ICU. What is the manager's initial action? a. Identify available learning resources that will assist with role transition. b. Evaluate the professional attributes of the nurses who already work on the unit. c. Evaluate the educational background and credentials of the new nurses. d. Identify the learning needs of the new nurses. Manager socialization skills: main role ○ New group managers must be socialized into the group Socialization efforts should be led by a model manager Make them feel welcomed, loved, appreciated Introduce them to everyone Sharing organizational values, expected attitudes & behavior Which statement best describes the manager's main role in socialization of a new nurse? a. Providing the employee with organizational rules and regulations b. Providing the new employee with a good preceptor c. Ensuring that there are sufficient numbers of good role models d. Sharing organizational values, expected attitudes, and behaviors Managers should be alert to signs & symptoms of the shock phase of nurse whose roll transitioned (new nurses) A nurse-manager is helping a newly graduated RN adjust to the professional nursing role. What is the manager's most appropriate action? a. Advise the new RN to avoid confrontations with health-care providers whenever possible. b. Advise the new RN that the "real world" of nursing is fundamentally different from the one described in textbooks. c. Be alert to signs and symptoms of the shock phase of the nurse's role transition. d. Be alert to signs that the new RN has not shed nursing school values. Find a mentor on the floor; make a concise decision to assist prodigy to career development; relationship usually lasts several years ○ Mentorship: staff cannot be assigned to a mentor, it is a roll voluntarily chosen by the mentor Which statement best describes a characteristic of mentorship? a. The intensity and duration of relationships are similar in mentorship and preceptorship. b. Staff cannot be assigned to become mentors. It is a role voluntarily chosen by the mentor. c. Mentees must be willing to put aside their personal goals and beliefs in an effort to identify more closely with their mentor. d. Most nurses will have the opportunity for many mentor relationships during their careers. Team nursing: wholly dependent on close, frequent communication between team members A nurse is providing care in a setting that uses a team nursing approach. What should be integrated into the routines in the health care facility? a. Inclusion of the client and family as members of the team b. Opportunities for UAP and practical nurses to increase their education level c. Frequent communication between team members d. Use of multidisciplinary action plans (MAPs) ANS: C Feedback: Team nursing is wholly dependent on close, frequent communication between the team members. Through extensive team communication, comprehensive care can be provided for clients despite a relatively high proportion of ancillary staff. The client's and family's input is vital, and frequently sought, but they are not formal members of the care team. MAPs are associated with case management, which may or may not utilize team nursing. Educational opportunities for practical nurses or UAPs are not the drivers behind team nursing. What is the priority when talking about case management? ○ Case manager assesses each clients specific needs individually A nurse is using a case management plan to maximize patient care outcomes. Which of the following describes an important consideration that should be made by the nurse? a. Case management plans should be used only by nurses to manage care. b. Case management plans should be individualized for each client. c. Case managements plans provide additional expense to the client and family. d. Case management plans focus on the natural progression of the disease.  Thorough preparation for the future of a new client care delivery system ○ Carefully studying the best method for implementing the pain changes (???) A change in the patient care delivery system has been mandated on a hospital unit. The manager can best ensure the successful introduction of a new delivery system by: a. assigning a senior registered nurse to lead the implementation. b. explaining the implications of the proposed change to patients and families. c. carefully studying the best method for implementing the planned change. d. hiring nurses who have experience in providing the new delivery system. Functional nursing care ○ Being assigned a specific task to do is part of functional nursing care All we do are tasks… The nurse is assigned to administer medications to all patients throughout the shift. What is this an example of? A) Team nursing B) Case method nursing C) Primary care delivery D) Functional nursing care Ans: D Feedback: Being assigned a specific task to do is part of functional nursing. None of the other options identify that connection. Employee engagement happens when coworkers are involved ○ Ex. employee participation in hospital fundraiser. Which activity demonstrates employee engagement? a. Employee participates in hospital fundraiser. b. Employee accepts position as charge nurse. c. Employee completes annual performance review. d. Employee arrives to work on time. Job satisfaction  ○ Related to the degree of work-life control that subordinates perceive they have Which statement is typically true of job satisfaction levels? a. They are generally higher for subordinates than for management staff. b. They decline as the level of participation in unit decision making increases. c. They are related to the degree of work life control subordinates perceive they have. d. They are fairly static given that unit cultures are traditionally very difficult to change. MASLOW'S HIERARCHY ○ People are motivated to satisfy certain needs ranging from basic survival to complex psychological needs People only seek higher needs when lower needs are predominantly met Unsatisfied needs triggers behavior According to Maslow, what statement best describes motivation? a. All needs have equal power in motivation. b. Unsatisfied needs trigger behavior. c. Lower level needs are less valued. d. Some individuals have hereditary needs. Intrinsic motivation - comes from individual at the job ○ Ex. employee’s career aspiration Which factor is most likely to provide intrinsic motivation to an employee? a. The employee's ambitious career aspirations b. The employee's need to elicit approval from the immediate supervisor c. The employee's need to avoid punishment for unsafe practice d. The employee's fear of being passed up for a promotion Best type of communication method: ○ Using various communication methods; combination of methods of communication increases likelihood that everyone in organization that needs to hear message will hear it ○ Using more than one mode of communication When does communication have the greatest likelihood of being accurately interpreted? A) More than one mode is used B) Face-to-face communication is used C) Written communication is used D) The sender repeats the message using the same mode Organizational climate & culture ○ Part of external climate of this communication ○ When look at external climate = culture of the organization (???) External climate - This includes external factors such as the weather, temperature, timing, status, power, authority, and the organizational climate itself. Internal climate - This includes internal factors such as the values, feelings, temperament, and stress levels of the sender and the receiver. Organizational culture - This includes the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. It is a sum total of values, language, past history of "sacred cows", formal and informal communication networks, and the rituals of an organization. Organizational climate - This is how employees perceive an organization: it may be accurate or inaccurate, and people in the same organization may have different perceptions about the same organization. IDK this is all I could find on quizlet… Best course of action to stimulate broad participation of employees ○ Staff should be involved in determining criteria in standards ○ Staff should participate in reviewing standards & collecting data ○ Engage closely with the frontline staff who provide client care What is the best course of action to stimulate broad participation of employees in quality control efforts? a. Encourage regular meetings between middle management and upper management. b. Educate staff about the relationship between the organization's accreditation and their own licensure. c. Engage closely with the frontline staff who provide client care. d. Educate staff about the correct way to document and report sentinel events. Joint commission ensures quality care at organizational level ○ Standardizes clinical outcome data collection What role has the Joint Commission assumed in ensuring quality at the organizational level? A) Establishing clinical practice guidelines B) Reducing diagnosis-related group reimbursement levels C) Standardizing clinical outcome data collection D) Assessing monetary fines for hospitals that fail to meet standards Ans: C Feedback: The Joint Commission ensures quality at the organizational level by requiring participating organizations to choose from among 60 acceptable performance measurement systems. The Joint Commission is not actively involved in any of the other options. Outcome audit gives outcome results Thirty-eight percent of the people who attended a smoking cessation clinic were not smoking 1 year after the clinic closed. What type of audit provided this type of data? A) Structure B) Process C) Outcome D) Concurrent Ans: C Feedback:An outcome audit determines what outcomes resulted from specific nursing interventions for clients. That is the function of the remaining options. Benchmarking ○ When you benchmark, you’re comparing organization performance w/ that of the best performing institute What results from effective benchmarking? A) Two organizations become financially integrated under a capitated model B) Organizations compete for a "best practices" label from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) C) An organization compares its performance with that of "best-performing institutions" D) Minimum practice guidelines are established for each health-care organization Manager of unit is responsible for periodically evaluating the unit’s mission & philosophy Which task is a management function associated with quality control? A) Periodic evaluation of unit mission and philosophy B) Making out the daily patient care assignments C) Creating a yearly budget D) Distributing holiday staffing policies Collaboration: all parties set aside their own goal & work together to establish their priority in common goals ○ Identify a common goal that is important to both parties A charge nurse assists a group of personnel to resolve their conflict, with the outcome being that the two opposing goals were discarded and new goals were adopted. What is this an example of? A) Smoothing of conflict by the leader B) Facilitating collaboration among personnel C) A majority rule approach D) A good lesson in compromising Ans: B Feedback: In collaboration, all parties set aside their original goals and work together to establish a common goal. None of the other options are examples of the described outcome. Competing approach ○ Cut throat style ○ One side of party wants something at the expense of someone else's loss ○ When one party wins at the expense of the other When is the competing approach to resolving conflict used? A) When fair play is important to all involved parties B) When one party wins at the expense of the others C) When managers need to control a volatile situation D) When an appropriate political strategy is necessary Ans: B Feedback: The competing approach is used when one party pursues what it wants at the expense of the others. Because only one party typically wins, the competing party seeks to win regardless of the cost to others. Neither manager control nor political strategy is necessarily associated with the competing approach to resolving conflict.  How to handle conflict when it occurs with an individual ○ Interpersonal - a manager who perceives a dilemma in loyalty to staff & loyalty to organization in particular situation Which nurse is experiencing intrapersonal conflict? a. A manager who has received a negative performance appraisal and who wishes to dispute the findings b. A manager who has to confront a nurse who made a medication error but did not follow up with documentation c. A manager who is in conflict with a long-standing employee who often ignores the manager's directives d. A manager who perceives a dilemma between loyalty to staff and loyalty to the organization in a particular situation In collaboration, all parties set aside original goals to reach common goal ○ Facilitating collaboration A charge nurse has assisted two employees to resolve their conflict, with the outcome being that the two opposing goals were discarded and new goals were adopted. What is this an example of? A) Smoothing of conflict by the leader B) Facilitating collaboration C) A majority rule approach D) A good lesson in compromising Ans: B Feedback: In collaboration, all parties set aside their original goals and work together to establish a common goal. In promoting collaboration, the charge nurse has not simply smoothed over the conflict. The formation of new goals differentiates between collaboration and compromise. There is no evidence that a majority rule approach has been taken because there are two parties involved. Selecting a starting point ○ Just graduated > going to get a job > what is realistic as it relates to negotiating a starting point? ○ Begin with high (???) The nurse-manager is preparing for negotiations. When negotiating, what is the manager's most appropriate action? a. Be willing to win at any cost. b. Communicate only when asked direct questions. c. Compromise only as a last resort. d. Begin with a high but realistic expectations. ANS: D Feedback: The selected starting point in negotiations should be at the upper limits of the negotiator's expectations, within reason. However, negotiators must realize they may have to come down to a lesser goal. Winning at any cost is counterproductive, and the manager should expect to compromise. Plentiful and accurate communication is necessary at all stages of negotiation. Manager provides team with autonomy needed to complete the work & be available should any need arise; describes: ○ Effective delegation Periodically during the day the RN checked with the team members to determine whether they are having difficulty completing their assigned tasks. This describes which manager role? A) Skills evaluation B) Patient safety C) Effective delegation D) Micromanagement Ans: C Feedback: This manager provided the team with the autonomy to complete the work and was available should any need arise. This describes effective delegation. This action is not related to any of the other options. When you as manager have to support the delegation of a task to a subordinate; ○ Occasionally providing learning or stretching opportunities to employees What action should the nurse-manager perform when supporting the delegation of a task to a subordinate? a. Holding the subordinate's professional development as the highest priority b. Frequently reassuring the employee that if they are incapable of completing a delegated task, it will be reassigned c. Drafting a preliminary plan of how the task will be redone if the outcome does not meet stated expectations d. Occasionally providing learning or "stretching" opportunities for employees  Manager should be available & accountable all the time…it is a no thank you job ○ Be available to the employee as the role model & resource to the task What is the first step the manager takes when a subordinate is having difficulty carrying out a delegated task? A) Take over the task so the employee will not become demoralized B) Be available to the employee as a role model and resource for the task C) Assign another more experienced employee to help with the task D) Re-assign the employee a different, less complex task Always when delegating specific tasks ○ The qualification of the person regarding the task What is the most important consideration for the manager when identifying the appropriate person to whom to delegate a specific task? A) Whose turn it is to delegate a task B) The qualifications of the person regarding the task C) The fiscal cost of delegating the task D) Whether the person has experience with similar tasks Ans: B Feedback: Managers should ask the individuals to whom they are delegating if they are capable of completing the delegated task. Downward communication ○ Manager reviews results of performance appraisal with the nurse ○ Review that relays information to the frontline people What is the best example of downward communication by a nurse-manager? a. The manager reports a nurse's serious error to the chief nursing officer. b. The manager seeks advice from a colleague about how to deal with an employee who is chronically late. c. The manager contacts a client's physician to confirm the client's scheduled transfer. d. The manager reviews the results of a nurse's performance appraisal with the nurse. Assertive communication: ○ allows people to express themselves in direct honest and diplomatically  ○ Does not infringe on anyone's rights ○ Assertive, not aggressive A nurse-manager has a reputation as being an assertive communicator. How does this manager most likely communicate? a. Through confrontation and intimidation b. In an unfeminine way that is clear and direct c. Directly and honestly, while respecting the rights of others d. In a clear, but occasionally offensive, manner OR Which statement describes assertive communication? A) It makes you respect yourself and allows you to get what you want B) Although it is unfeminine, it is a necessary communication skill for female managers C) It involves rights and responsibilities for all parties in the communication D) Assertive communication will never offend anyone Ans: C Feedback: Assertive communication allows people to express themselves in direct, honest, and appropriate ways that do not infringe on another's rights. The remaining statements do not correctly describe assertive communication. Taking regular notes on employees performance way to avoid recent effect ○ Keep ongoing notes on each employee’s performance The nurse-manager is taking action to avoid the recency effect when conducting employees' performance appraisals. What is the manager's best action? Keep ongoing notes on each employee's performance. Employee’s signature on review means employee has read appraisal information & met with manager An employee has had a performance appraisal and signed the appraisal form at the conclusion of the meeting with the manager. What does the employee's signature denote? a. The employee agrees with everything written on the form. b. The employee accepts the goals specified on the form. c. The employee acknowledges the truth of the manager's evidence. d. The employee has read the appraisal information and met with the manager.  Self appraisal - you evaluate yourself as the employee ○ Requires reflection & introspection of part of the employee Which principle should guide the manager's use of self-appraisals for employees? a. Self-appraisal is known to be more objective than the other types of appraisal. b. Self-appraisals are intended to provide an opportunity for giving positive feedback to employees. c. Self-appraisals usually require reflection and introspection on the part of the employee. d. Self-appraisals should always be read before the supervisor does an appraisal. ANS: C Feedback: Although they require some work on the employees' part, self-appraisals can provide introspection and personal growth. This type of appraisal is inherently subjective and self-appraisal is not focused exclusively on providing positive feedback. Reading an employee's self-appraisal has the potential to create bias, so some managers avoid reading them beforehand. Because manager will tend to remember emp performance better in weeks/months directly preceding the appraisal, a manager should take notes throughout year; ○ Written anecdotal notes regarding employee should be maintained throughout evaluation period Will be more fair & accurate Although some subjectivity is inescapable in performance appraisals, what action can the manager take to arrive at a more fair and accurate assessment? A) Written anecdotal notes regarding the employees performance should be maintained throughout the evaluation period B) Evaluation criteria that reflect on the employee as a person rather than just on work performance should be used C) Data gathered by the manager in preparation for the performance appraisal should be limited to not more than two sources, so no conflicting information is received D) The manager should rate all employees using central tendency whenever possible Performance appraisal - objective appraisal ○ Manager must have fair performance appraisal tool that is used for all employees in same classification ○ Based on appraisal of standard to which all are held accountable What should the manager do in completing an annual performance appraisal? A) Consider good intentions as well as actual performance B) Base the appraisal on a standard to which all are held accountable C) Always make an effort to include subjective data D) Closely observe the employee for the 2 weeks preceding the appraisal