Lab 5: Articulation & Joint Models PDF

Lab #5 Today Articulation & Joint Models Quiz #2 Review of All Skeleton / Bone Models Student Notes for Lab 5 Make sure you SIGN IN. Notify your instructor if you are doing a makeup, or have switched lab sections and are new to this section Always leave your Coats and Bags on the Front B...

Lab #5 Today Articulation & Joint Models Quiz #2 Review of All Skeleton / Bone Models Student Notes for Lab 5 Make sure you SIGN IN. Notify your instructor if you are doing a makeup, or have switched lab sections and are new to this section Always leave your Coats and Bags on the Front Bench. You should have the LAB 5 HANDOUT with you, or on your device for reference. Comprehensive list for lab exam 2 is posted on blackboard – lists all exercises & terms & figures, and has replica of all model keys & handouts from lab. All Model images & videos for Lab Exam 2 are posted Student Notes for Lab 5 Quiz 2 will be given TODAY near the end of lab. It will cover everything in the lab manual readings for labs 3-5 (No models or figures from the lab manual will be on the quiz) There are no makeups for lab quizzes ALL questions have been posted on blackboard – your quiz will be 5 of these questions. Demo lab exam 2 is posted. Do one version about 1 week before your lab exam, then do the other color a few days before your lab exam. YOUR NEXT LAB IS LAB EXAM 2: YOU MUST COME AT THE NORMAL START TIME FOR YOUR SECTION. IF YOU MISS YOUR LAB EXAM FOR ANY REASON, THERE ARE NO MAKEUPS. IF YOU ARE LATE, YOU WILL MISS ROUND 1(& POSSIBLY ROUND 2) STATIONS DEPENDING ON YOUR DEGREE OF LATENESS. YOU MAY NOT MAKEUP A LAB EXAM WITH ANOTHER SECTION FOR ANY REASON. IF ANY NOTES OR ELECTRONIC DEVICES ARE FOUND ON YOUR PERSON DURING THE EXAM, OR YOU ARE FOUND COMMUNICATING WITH ANOTHER STUDENT DURING THE EXAM, YOU WILL IMMEDIATELY RECEIVE A ZERO. Exercise #11 ARTICULATIONS AND BODY MOVEMENTS Articulations and Body Movements An Articulation is a joint. Functions of articulations are to allow for flexibility for gross body movements and to hold bones together. Articulations can be classified either structurally or functionally. Structurally joints are classified as either: 1. Fibrous 2. Cartilaginous 3. Synovial joints Functionally joints are classified as either: 1. Synarthroses, non movable joints 2. Amphiarthroses, slightly movable joints 3. Diarthroses, freely movable joints  Fibrous Joints Suture Syndesmoses Fibrous joints consist of bones held together by fibrous tissues, most are synarthrotic or non movable. They have no joint cavity. 3 types: w 1. Sutures are joints with bones with irregular edges interlocked by short connective tissue fibers (ex. skull). 2. Syndesmoses are joints with bones connected by short ligaments (ex. tibia and fibula at the distal joint). 3. A Gomphosis is a joint that holds the teeth in the mandible via the periodontal ligament.  Cartilaginous Joints Sympyhses Epiphyseal Plate Synchondroses Carilaginous joints have articulating bones connected by plates or pads of cartilage, have no joint cavity, and are mostly amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) 2 types: 1. Symphyses are joints which have bones that are connected by a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage (ex. the pubic symphysis). 2. Synchondroses are bones connected by hyaline cartilage (ex. the epiphyseal plates of children).  Synovial Joints Synovial joints have bones separated by joint cavities filled with synovial fluid. They are diarthrotic or freely movable. Characteristics of synovial joints: 1. Articular Capsule, 2 layers a fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue and a layer of synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. 2. Articular cartilage (hyaline) on the surfaces of the articulating bones. 3. Ligaments (hold bones of joint together). 4. Bursae (fluid filled sacs). 5. Articular discs may be found (Meniscus), (padding between articulating bones).  Types of Synovial Joints 6 types: 1. Plane or Gliding, ex. intercarpal joints. 2. Hinge, ex. elbow. 3. Pivot, ex. atlas/ axis. 4. Condyloid/ Ellipsoidal, ex. metacarpalphalangeal joints. 5. Saddle, ex. metacarpal/ carpal. 6. Ball and Socket, ex. shoulder or hip. The Origin is the point of attachment of muscle that is immobile. The Insertion is the point of attachment of muscle that moves. A Contraction of muscle causes the insertion to move towards the origin.  Types of Body Movements: Flexion decreases the angle between the origin and the insertion. Extension increases the angle between the origin and the insertion. Abduction is a movement away from the midline. Adduction is a movement towards the midline. Rotation is a movement around the long axis of a bone. Circumduction is a movement that makes an imaginary cone along the long axis of a bone. Pronation is a turning of the hand or palm from the anatomical position, crossing the ulna and the radius. Supination is the turning of the hand to return to the anatomical position, the radius and the ulna parallel.  Types of Body Movements: Foot movements: Inversion is the turning of the feet medially, inward. Eversion is the lateral movement of the feet, outward. Dorsiflexion is the movement of the feet upward. Plantar flexion is the movement of the toes downward, on the tip toes. Joint Disorders A Sprain is the excessive stretching or tearing away of the ligaments reinforcing the joint. A Dislocation is the forcing out of normal position of bones. An Adhesion is the connecting of bones at there surfaces via fibrous bands in joints. A Spur is any extraneous growth of bone tissue, bone where it doesn't usually grow. Next Week: Lab Exam 2