Lab 2.1 - Axial skeleton.pdf

Fall semester, 2024 BIOLOGY 218L: Introductory Anatomy Laboratory LS-ANATO 219L: Functional Anatomy I Laboratory Lab 2.1 – Axial skeleton Rachael Allen, PhD. University of Missouri-Kansas City Divisions of the skull Cranial Bones: A) Ethmoid B) Frontal C) Occipital D) Parietal...

Fall semester, 2024 BIOLOGY 218L: Introductory Anatomy Laboratory LS-ANATO 219L: Functional Anatomy I Laboratory Lab 2.1 – Axial skeleton Rachael Allen, PhD. University of Missouri-Kansas City Divisions of the skull Cranial Bones: A) Ethmoid B) Frontal C) Occipital D) Parietal E) Sphenoid F) Temporal Facial Bones: G) Lacrimal H) Mandible I) Maxilla J) Nasal K) Vomer L) Zygomatic Not shown: Inferior nasal concha, Palatine Fetal skull Soft sport: A) Anterior fontanelle B) Mastoid fontanelle C) Metopic suture D) Posterior fontanelle E) Sphenoidal fontanelle Sutures and Junctions (Superior and Posterior views) Bones: A) Frontal B) Occipital C) Parietal D) Temporal Suture lines: E) Coronal suture F) Lambdoid suture G) Sagittal suture Junction points: H) Asterion I) Bregma J) Lambda Skull, Anterior view Frontal bone: A) Squamous part B) Supraorbital margin C) Supraorbital foramen Sphenoid bone: D) Greater wing E) Inferior orbital fissure F) Lesser wing G) Optic canal H) Superior orbital fissure Ethmoid bone: I) Orbital part J) Middle nasal concha K) Perpendicular plate Junction points: L) Nasion M) Pterion Skull, Anterior view Maxilla bones: A) Alveolar process B) Frontal process C) Infraorbital foramen D) Zygomatic process Vomer bone: E) Vertical plate Lacrimal bone: F) Lacrimal groove Inferior nasal conchae: G) Inferior nasal concha Nasal bones: H) Nasal bone Skull, Right Lateral view Temporal bone: A) External acoustic meatus B) Mastoid process C) Squamous part D) Styloid process E) Zygomatic process F) Mandibular fossa Zygomatic bone: G) Temporal process H) Frontal process I) Maxillary process Mandible: J) Alveolar process K) Angle L) Body M) Condylar process N) Coronoid process O) Mandibular notch P) Mental foramen Q) Mental protuberance R) Ramus Cavities of the Skull, Coronal section Bones: A) Ethmoid bone B) Frontal bone C) Inferior nasal concha D) Mandible E) Maxilla bone F) Occipital bone G) Palatine bone H) Parietal bone I) Temporal bone J) Vomer bone K) Zygomatic bone Cavities and Paranasal sinuses: L) Cranial cavity M) Ethmoidal sinus N) Frontal sinus O) Mandibular foramen P) Maxillary sinus Q) Nasal cavity R) Oral cavity S) Orbit T) Sphenoidal sinus Cranial base, endocranial surface, Superior view Passageways and processes: A) Cribriform foramina (Cribriform plate) B) Crista galli C) Foramen magnum D) Foramen ovale Ethmoid E) Foramen rotundum Frontal F) Foramen spinosum G) Hypoglossal canal Sphenoid H) Internal acoustic meatus I) Jugular foramen J) Optic canal Temporal K) Sella turcica L) Superior orbital fissure Parietal Occipital Inferior view of the Skull Bone markings: Maxilla A) Carotid canal B) External occipital protuberance Palatine C) Foramen magnum D) Foramen ovale Vomer E) Foramen spinosum F) Horizontal plate G) Hypoglossal canal Sphenoid H) Inferior nuchal line I) Jugular foramen J) Mandibular fossa K) Occipital condyle L) Palatine process M) Stylomastoid foramen N) Superior nuchal line Temporal O) Vertical plate Occipital Cranial Fossae, Superior view Which bones form these depressions? Anterior cranial fossa: Middle cranial fossa: Posterior cranial fossa: Bones of the Left Orbit, Anterior view Medial wall of orbit: A) Frontal process of maxilla B) Lacrimal bone C) Orbital plate of ethmoid bone Lateral wall of orbit: D) Greater wing of sphenoid bone Optic canal E) Orbital surface of zygomatic bone Superior F) Zygomatic process of frontal bone orbital fissure Roof of orbit: G) Lesser wing of sphenoid bone Inferior H) Orbital part of frontal bone orbital fissure Floor of orbit: I) Orbital surface of maxilla J) Orbital process of palatine bone K) Zygomatic bone Isolated Bones A) Ethmoid B) Maxilla C) Sphenoid D) Zygomatic Isolated Bones A) Frontal B) Mandible C) Occipital D) Parietal E) Temporal Hyoid bone, Superolateral view A) Body B) Greater cornu C) Lesser cornu 15 C1, Also called = __________ Superior view A) Anterior arch B) Posterior arch C) Superior articular facet D) Transverse foramen E) Transverse process F) Vertebral foramen 16 C2, Also called = __________ Superior view A) Dens (Odontoid process) B) Inferior articular process C) Lamina D) Spinous process E) Superior articular facet F) Transverse foramen G) Transverse process H) Vertebral body I) Vertebral foramen 17 C4, Superior view A) Inferior articular process B) Lamina C) Pedicle D) Spinous process E) Superior articular facet F) Transverse foramen G) Transverse process H) Vertebral body I) Vertebral foramen 18  C7 (vertebra prominens), Superior view A) Inferior articular process B) Lamina C) Pedicle D) Spinous process E) Superior articular facet F) Transverse foramen (note: most commonly there is just one foramen on each side) G) Transverse process H) Vertebral body I) Vertebral foramen 19  Midsagittal section of head A) Atlas B) Axis C) Ethmoid D) Frontal E) Hyoid F) Inferior nasal concha G) Intervertebral disc H) Mandible I) Maxilla J) Nasal K) Occipital L) Palatine M) Parietal N) Sphenoid 20  A B H C I ____ (C1) ____ J ____ K D ____ (C2) ____ L ____ M ____ ____ N ____ ____ E O ____ F ____ ____ G ____ ____ 21 T4, Superior view A) Lamina B) Pedicle C) Spinous process D) Superior articular facet E) Superior costal facet F) Transverse costal facet G) Transverse process H) Vertebral body I) Vertebral foramen 22 T5, Left lateral view A) Inferior articular facet B) Inferior costal facet C) Inferior vertebral notch D) Pedicle E) Spinous process F) Superior articular facet G) Superior costal facet H) Superior vertebral notch I) Transverse costal facet J) Vertebral body 23 L3, Superior view A) Inferior articular process B) Lamina C) Mammillary process D) Pedicle E) Spinous process F) Superior articular facet G) Transverse process H) Vertebral body I) Vertebral foramen 24 Sacrum, Anterior view A) Anterior sacral foramen B) Apex of sacrum C) Sacral ala D) Sacral canal E) Sacral promontory F) Superior articular process G) Transverse line H) Vertebral body of S2 25 Sacrum, Posterior view A) Auricular surface B) Lateral sacral crest C) Median sacral crest D) Posterior sacral foramen E) Sacral canal F) Sacral cornu G) Sacral hiatus H) Superior articular facet 26 Coccyx, Anterior view A) Co1 B) Co2 C) Co3 D) Co4 E) Coccygeal cornu F) Transverse process 27 Vertebral ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc Facet for superior articular process Inferior articular process Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc Posterior longitudinal ligament Superior articular process Supraspinous ligament Sternum, Anterior view and Anterolateral view A) Body of sternum B) Clavicular notch C) First costal notch D) Jugular notch E) Manubrium F) Second costal notch G) Sternal angle H) Third costal notch I) Xiphoid process 29 Thorax, Anterior view A) Costal cartilage B) False (vertebrochondral) ribs C) Floating (vertebral) ribs D) Intercostal space 11 E) True (vertebrosternal) ribs 30 T7 and Ribs, Superior view A) Articular facet of tubercle with transverse costal facet of vertebra B) Body/shaft of rib C) Facet for costal cartilage D) Head of rib with superior and inferior costal facets of vertebra E) Nonarticular part of tubercle of rib F) Vertebral body 31 Typical rib (Right side), Posterior view A) Articular facet of tubercle B) Body/shaft of rib C) Costal angle D) Costal groove E) Facet for costal cartilage F) Head of rib G) Neck of rib H) Nonarticular part of tubercle of rib 32 Atypical ribs, T1 & T2 (Superior views) T11 & T12 (Posterior views) A) T1 B) T2 C) T11 D) T12 33  A B C ____ ____ D ____ ____ shaft E ____ F ____ ____ G 34  G A B H I J ____ ____ K ____ C ____ ____ D ____ ____ ____ E ____ ____ ____ F 35