Italy Rise to Power PDF

1 Rise toPower Risorgimentoprocess of reunification contributed toMuss's rise beforewwi of Italy184870 Longterm weaknesses that revivalofidentityPolitical nationalism Risorgimento movementsucceeded to unify Italybuthad problems...

1 Rise toPower Risorgimentoprocess of reunification contributed toMuss's rise beforewwi of Italy184870 Longterm weaknesses that revivalofidentityPolitical nationalism Risorgimento movementsucceeded to unify Italybuthad problems Giolittismfavouritism Squadrismo of north representing northern Elites Presentedfascism Hostilecatholic church asa national lostcontrol ofPapal States movement Pope conservative justified social issues as violence necessity 1 ETE tosaveitaly.ae fEfipEEffji OligarchyHierarchyRegional dgimifance Italiansfelt loyal to region town thantowardsgov South wasneglected lackof railway road Polweaknesses Social economic that contributed Dualismseparation north South to Muss'srise Econ growth uneven North industrialisedmodernisation new agritechniquesnew heavyindus Regioyalswegk South Controlled by landowners 3M italians emigrated before ww Desire foran empire Social l'on Humiliation of Ethiopia 1896 Desirefor Overshadowed by Brit Fr empire How WWI helped Muss's rise Before After Results How WWI ITwas econ behind Highinflation 1M workers other EUcountries helpedMuss'svs Unemployment went onstrike rise North south Newrestrictions Widespread unrest Italianscan't l'BiennioRosso emigrate Smallbusstruggle ITborrowedmoney How mutilated BERTIE û Victory Mutilated victory Turot Trentino Istria Dalmatia gained Gaveasmucheffortas led to muss’s rise Fiume G colonies not gained Alliesbutcanbackwards Short term causes leading to Muss's rise BiennioBiennio Rosso 1979 21 socialistresponse Rosso as Engineers occupied factories prevented employersfromlockingthan a cause outuntiltheyreceivedhigher wages Giolitti remained neutral  liberalgov'sresponse to socialistthreat Strikelasted 1 month but inclus employers conservativesdidn't forgive Giolitti for his lack of intervention Mussolini’s political career up to 1918 Was editor of Avanti, a socialist newspaper Was expelled from PSI in 1914 for advocating that Italy should intervene in the war Thought the war would lead to rev in IT Founded Il Popolo D’Italia in Nov 1914 1919: Creation of fascist party November elections: humiliation bc didn’t win seat Programme: Anti-capitalist, anti-clerical, election of national assembly to draw up a new constitution, minimum wage, con scation of war pro ts and church property After elections, supp decr and thought movement would collapse 1920-21: Move to the right Privatisation of all sectors of industry Right to private property Resolving indus and agri clashes by creating corporations representing all classes PO probsPolitical problems Libs talked unity Held less than of508 seats libs relied on support of PP Suspicions Weak coalitionbetween PopolariandGiolitti Who supported Gaining support andpower Mussolini Support from Youth Lowermiddleclass uni students Civil service IE EEE Eaianara power over parliament methods Charismatic Useof legal leadership RulebyDecree temporary measure for mussto stabilize IT How was the Muss receivedpower tocreate new laws for 12 months march on the room lead to March onRome Oct1922 Mussolini’s rise to power Blackshirts marched on Rome to seize power Facta wanted the king to declare a state of emergency the didn't Instead he appointed Muss as PM  What are the PerspectiveSCT perspectives on Mussolini’s Muss aimed toestablisha strong Mass aimed to create a dictatorsh rise to power go within the IT Parliamentary after the March on Rome He syst to restore stability Itwas needed full control to establish only after Crisis that he a Fascist state Matteoti created a dictatorship How did 2 Consolidation andmaintenance of power Mussolini consolidate 1922 23 his power Creates Grand Council of Fascism Déc1922 Way to consolidate Control over Fascist party Squads are merged into between 1922 and a militia 1923 Gainssupport from Church rel education becomescompulsory contraception is banned Gainssupport from big bus Promises confidustria that tax evasion wouldn't be pursued vent control is abolished 1924Elections Acerbolaw Gives Party or alliance that won the most votes 213 of seats in parliament as long as so is no less than 25 What happened in the 1924 EYES win elections MatteoliCrisis Says election was fraud was murdered 192526 What Muss bans opposition parties establishes OVRA secret police happened Fascist laws in 1925 in outlawed pot parties notFascist 1926 Tus under Fase regime Allows gov to arrest exilepot opponents withouttrial Law Strikes illegal lays foundations of corporate Pfaff  3 Domestic policy Economic What is Mussolini’s economic Ifp IT achievegreatness by currency andstriving for autarky itsland area having a strong aim Battle for Lira Battle for Aimtransform ITSociety lira: aim Propaganda to max support policy Musswantedto Lira'svalue strong lirastrongcountry success Want to become financiallyindep Success Benefitted industry stellchems bcimportswerecheaper Recession worsenedeffects of GreatDepression Bottle for BattleforGrain grain: aim, Wanted IT to become self sufficient dependlesson imports policy, ITwhatbecame expensive thanforeignmeat success Success Placed toomuch emphasis on prod of wheatcausing misallocationofresources It hadto import olive oil Export of fruitdeclined Battle for Marshes Battle Tomakeextensive newlandavailable forwheatprod for Impress other countries to show that fascism is working marshes Way of providing jobs aim, New towns are built on reclaimed land to boostecon providejobs policy, success success successful regardingpropaganda Not all promises werefulfilled  Amount of land reclaimed wasless than target social Battle for Battle forbirths births, Aim pop by20M in 1950 aim policy success BYL ate instead of Religious Mheconciliation between state church Longhist of disputes Religious security for the State allow Good relations wouldprovide stability policy: Muss to focus on establishing control over important aspects aim, econedu foreign policy policy, Beneficial to church Fasc State can enfore tel success policies Restoration of Catholic education in stateprimary schools Lateran Agreements 1929 Granted Vatican Citysovereignty under the rope who recognise IT State its possession of Rome other formerPapal States ConcordatDefined roleof Catholicism in Fasc State success Muss gained support of church churchstrengthened Mass got supportfrom Church but doesn't control it Treatmenttowards minorities Treatment towards minorities:aim YÜuss claimed that prestige was needed to maintain empire , policy, success Polichafter ofRace of fasc racial doctrine based on fait that Scientific explanation IT are Aryans Jews IT Jewishteachersexcludedfromstate schools success No ITignoredpolicies women Women aims policy MS ITpop to enableMuss to create a largearmy capable of success ftp.fgitafeformerglan Giffo Criminal law Banned contraception sterilization abortion husband's authority over wife legally financially  Restriction offemaleemployment encourage womento stay home to lookafter family taxation policies to encourage largefamilies rewardedpregnancies bachelors pay taxes newlyweds get cheap tickets for honeymoon Success Ihnen formed workforce Didn't succeed to 9 POP Foreign Foreign Aims policy: aim MusswantedRoman empire in Med policy Fasc ideo preachednationalVictory success EventsPolicies Corfu 1923 Musslistensto of N withdraws after compensation from Greece oPact of Rome1924 signed between IT Yugoslavia ITgetsFiume Boosts Muss's prestige Locarno Treaty 1925 Kellogs Briand Part 11928 Thought it would reverse Treaty of Versailles Abyssiniancrisis 193536 Invasion of Abyssinia attempts to anne apart of Steel 1939 1T G alliance success prestige Mussfailed to Horse effects of Treaty of Versailles Abyssinian Crisis fail bc hugecosts gained nothing 4 Nature of the Fascist state Propaganda Mussolini nature of Aim Create an obedientnation that would be unable to threaten the fascist Muss's authority or oppose his policy state Ü personal dictatorship state controlled newspapers party dictatorship l'unione Cinematografica Educativa LUCE Education youth Media Notsuccessful Notmanyradios Newspapers had 10 circulation Muss's speeches shown in cafés Education Failed Hard forchildren to focus on traditionaledu intro of exams Youth ONB compulsory between 8 21 40 avoided membership Timeline L'arch Fasci di combattimento created September D'annunzio occupies Fiume 19 supportforFasc middle upperclass 19 fascgained 35seats in parliament Giolitti invites fac Party to join his gov gives legitimacy tofasc III Etatistes.laaMaagaFn istuI 19 8it March onRome Oct Muss appointedasPM 19 Acerno Law 19 fasc winévitons fear coercion Matteotti Crisis 1925 Mussdeclaresintention fordictatorship Law on powersofHead of Gov centralized Muss's priver 192.8f banned OURA established 1929 Lateran Accords 19Ebyssinian Crisis fussestablishes Empire in Ethiopia Rome Benin Axis 1938 MunichConference IT racial Laws  193.9 invasion ofAlbania Part of Steel 1940 ITenters WW2 IT invades Greece 1941 ITdeclares war onUs afterPearl Harbour 1944Alliescapture Rome 1945 End of FascRule