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# Aristotelian Realism Aristotle criticizes Plato's assertion that the Form (Idea) is the true reality ("being"). For Aristotle, true reality is found in concrete, individual objects (e.g., this dog, this table, this man). Aristotle broadens the concept of "substance" to include not only the indiv...

# Aristotelian Realism Aristotle criticizes Plato's assertion that the Form (Idea) is the true reality ("being"). For Aristotle, true reality is found in concrete, individual objects (e.g., this dog, this table, this man). Aristotle broadens the concept of "substance" to include not only the individual but also the categories of species and genus. He differentiates between: * **First substance:** The individual concrete object (e.g., Socrates, this particular table). * **Second substance:** The species and genus (e.g., human, animal). Only physical things are considered substances in a strict sense (Aristotle calls these "first substances"). Second substances (species and genus—e.g., table, man) are universal in nature (referring to the concept or category of things rather than a specific example of those things). First substance is the fundamental and truest reality, with species and genus deriving their existence from it.