L7 Covalent Bonding PDF

UNIT 2 (9) - MODELS 13th November, 2024 Statement of Inquiry Global Context Molecular modelling is used for the Orientation in space and time visualization of chemical structures displaying...

UNIT 2 (9) - MODELS 13th November, 2024 Statement of Inquiry Global Context Molecular modelling is used for the Orientation in space and time visualization of chemical structures displaying their orientation in time and space. ATL Skills Related concepts Key concept Critical-thinking skills: Models Systems Applying key ideas and facts in new contexts Factual: What is covalent bonding? Inquiry Conceptual: How do we represent covalent bonding using Lewis Structures? Questions: Debatable: To what extent does the bonding of a compound effect it's physical properties?  Learning Objective Starter Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of Describe what the covalent compounds Learning following Lewis Outcomes symbols show about 1. Outline what substances each atom: What do we already undergo covalent bonding know about 2. Illustrate covalent covalent bonding? bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties Systems, Models Challenge: Draw the Lewis symbols for the ATL Skills following atoms: Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective What is Covalent Bonding? Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of Simply: the sharing of electrons between two covalent compounds Learning or more atoms to attain a noble gas electron Outcomes configuration 1. Outline what Complex: the electrostatic attraction between a substances undergo covalent shared pair of electrons and the positively bonding 2. Illustrate covalent charged nuclei bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how Covalently bonding tends to happened between bonding type Concepts non-metals effects properties Systems, Models We will look at single, double and triple covalent ATL Skills bonds Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new What is happening here?  Learning Objective Model of covalent bonding in Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of methane covalent compounds Learning Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent bonding 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties H – has 1 electron & needs 1 electron Systems, Models C – has 4 electrons & needs 4 electrons ATL Skills Each carbon atom needs 4 hydrogen atoms for Critical-thinking a stable molecule skills: Both atoms in each bond has ownership of the Applying key ideas and facts in new electrons involved  Learning Objective Model of covalent bonding in carbon Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of dioxide covalent compounds Learning Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent bonding 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis O – has 6 electrons & needs 2 Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties electrons Systems, Models C – has 4 electrons & needs 4 ATL Skills Critical-thinking electrons skills: Formula: CO2 Applying key ideas and facts in new Can you explain what is happening  Learning Objective Apply knowledge and understanding to construct Worked Example: Lewis Structures a wide variety of covalent compounds Learning Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent bonding 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties Systems, Models ATL Skills Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective Apply knowledge and understanding to construct Worked Example: Lewis Structures a wide variety of covalent compounds Learning Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent bonding 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties Systems, Models ATL Skills Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective Apply knowledge and understanding to construct Worked Example: Lewis Structures a wide variety of covalent compounds Learning Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent bonding 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties Systems, Models ATL Skills Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective Task 1: Build Structural Models Apply knowledge and understanding to construct Follow the following steps to predict and build a a wide variety of covalent compounds model of the covalent molecules given. Learning Outcomes 1. Determine the valence electrons of each 1. Outline what substances atom undergo covalent 2. Draw the Lewis symbol for each atom bonding 2. Illustrate covalent 3. Predict the number of electron pairs to be bonds using Lewis Structures shared in the molecule 3. Understand how 4. Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule bonding type Concepts effects properties 5. Using your models, build the physical Systems, Models molecular model ATL Skills 6. Identify any single, double or triple bonds Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective How do the properties of ionic and Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of covalent substances vary? covalent compounds Learning Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent bonding 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis Structures 3. Understand how bonding type Concepts effects properties Systems, Models ATL Skills Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective Plenary: Using scientific language and Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of what we have learned so far, write an covalent compounds Learning answer to the following question: Outcomes 1. Outline what substances undergo covalent What are the fundamental reasons for the bonding higher boiling points of ionic compounds 2. Illustrate covalent bonds using Lewis compared to covalent compounds, and how Structures 3. Understand how do intermolecular forces and lattice bonding type Concepts effects properties structures influence these properties? Systems, Models ATL Skills Critical-thinking skills: Applying key ideas and facts in new  Learning Objective Plenary – sample answer Apply knowledge and understanding to construct a wide variety of  Ionic compounds have high boiling points covalent compounds Learning because they are held together by strong Outcomes electrostatic forces between positively and 1. Outline what substances negatively charged ions. This requires a lot of undergo covalent bonding energy to break the ionic bonds. 2. Illustrate covalent  In contrast, covalent compounds typically have bonds using Lewis Structures lower boiling points because they are held 3. Understand how together by weaker forces. These forces require bonding type Concepts effects properties less energy to overcome, allowing covalent Systems, Models compounds to boil at lower temperatures. ATL Skills Critical-thinking skills: In summary, the strong ionic bonds in ionic Applying key ideas compounds lead to higher boiling points, while the and facts in new