L5 QS, BMS201 PDF, Blood Physiology (Anemia and Polycythemia)

MCQs on Blood Physiology (Anemia and Polycythemia) 1. Which of the following best defines anemia? a) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to a deficiency of hemoglobin. b) An increase in the number of red blood cells. c) A decrease in blood viscosity. d) An increase in blood...

MCQs on Blood Physiology (Anemia and Polycythemia) 1. Which of the following best defines anemia? a) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to a deficiency of hemoglobin. b) An increase in the number of red blood cells. c) A decrease in blood viscosity. d) An increase in blood pressure. 2. Acute blood loss anemia is characterized by: a) Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells.b) Normocytic, normochromic red blood cells. c) Megaloblastic red blood cells. d) Sickle-shaped red blood cells. 3. Chronic blood loss anemia often results in which type of red blood cells? a) Microcytic, hypochromic b) Normocytic, normochromic c) Megaloblastic d) Sickle-shaped 4. Aplastic anemia is caused by: a) Vitamin B12 deficiency. b) Iron deficiency. c) Abnormal hemoglobin.d) Failure of bone marrow function. 5. Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by a deficiency in which of the following? a) Iron b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B12 d) Calcium 6. Which of the following is NOT a cause of hemolytic anemia? a) Hereditary spherocytosis b) Sickle cell anemia c) Erythroblastosis fetalis d) Iron deficiency 7. In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) precipitates under which condition? a) High oxygen levels b) Low oxygen levels c) Normal oxygen levels d) High carbon dioxide levels 8. Erythroblastosis fetalis is characterized by: a) Rh-negative red blood cells in the fetus.b) Rh-positive red blood cells in the fetus attacked by antibodies from an Rh-negative mother. c) A deficiency of vitamin B12. d) A decrease in blood viscosity. 9. How does anemia affect blood viscosity? a) Decreases it b) Increases it c) No effect d) Initially increases, then decreases 10. What happens to peripheral resistance in anemia? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Fluctuates 11. The increased blood flow in anemia is a result of: a) Increased blood viscosity b) Decreased peripheral resistance and hypoxia-induced vasodilation c) Decreased cardiac output d) Increased blood pressure 12. What is the effect of anemia on cardiac output? a) Decreases b) Remains the same c) Increases d) Initially increases, then decreases 13. Why does cardiac reserve decrease in anemia? a) Due to increased blood viscosity b) Due to decreased blood flow c) The heart is already working harder to compensate for reduced oxygen-carrying capacity d) Due to decreased blood pressure 14. Polycythemia is defined as: a) A decrease in red blood cell count b) An increase in red blood cell count c) A decrease in blood viscosity d) An increase in cardiac output 15. Which of the following is NOT a cause of secondary polycythemia? a) Obstructive lung diseases b) High altitude living c) Bone marrow tumor d) Hypoxia 16. How does polycythemia affect blood viscosity? a) Decreases b) Increases c) No effect d) Initially increases, then decreases 17. What is the effect of polycythemia on peripheral resistance? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Fluctuates 18. In polycythemia, blood flow velocity: a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Initially increases, then decreases 19. What happens to cardiac output in polycythemia? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Initially increases, then decreases 20. The typical skin color in anemia is: a) Pallor b) Cyanosis c) Jaundice d) Redness 21. The skin color in polycythemia is often: a) Pallor b) Cyanosis c) Jaundice d) Redness 22. Which type of anemia is characterized by abnormally small and spherical red blood cells? a) Sickle cell anemia b) Hereditary spherocytosis c) Aplastic anemia d) Megaloblastic anemia 23. In which condition might you observe a "water hammer pulse"? a) Anemia b) Polycythemia c) Both anemia and polycythemia d) Neither anemia nor polycythemia 24. Which of the following is a physiological cause of anemia? a) Bone marrow tumor b) Excessive X-ray irradiation c) Chronic blood loss d) High altitude living 25. What is the primary function of intrinsic factor in relation to anemia? a) Iron absorption b) Vitamin B12 absorption c) Red blood cell production d) Hemoglobin synthesis 26. Which of the following conditions leads to an increase in all blood cell types? a) Aplastic anemia b) Hemolytic anemia c) Polycythemia vera d) Secondary polycythemia 27. What is the relationship between hypoxia and secondary polycythemia? a) Hypoxia decreases red blood cell production b) Hypoxia has no effect on red blood cell production c) Hypoxia stimulates red blood cell production d) Hypoxia destroys red blood cells 28. Which of the following is a potential consequence of both anemia and polycythemia? a) Increased blood viscosity b) Decreased blood viscosity c) Heart failure d) Increased cardiac reserve 29. In severe anemia, blood viscosity may fall to: a) 0.5 times that of water b) 1.0 times that of water c) 1.5 times that of water d) 2.0 times that of water 30. Which of the following describes the red blood cells in megaloblastic anemia? a) Microcytic, hypochromic b) Normocytic, normochromic c) Abnormally large d) Sickle-shaped 31. What is the effect of anemia on blood pressure? a) It always increases b) It always decreases c) It tends to rise initially but may drop if heart failure occurs d) It remains unchanged 32. The rapid formation of new red blood cells to compensate for destroyed ones is a characteristic of which condition? a) Aplastic anemia b) Sickle cell anemia c) Erythroblastosis fetalis d) Polycythemia vera 33. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of anemia? a) Fatigue b) Shortness of breath c) Pallor d) Cyanosis 34. Which of the following is a common cause of aplastic anemia? a) High altitude living b) Vitamin B12 deficiency c) Excessive X-ray irradiation d) Chronic blood loss 35. What change in blood parameters is most likely to directly impair oxygen delivery to tissues? a) Decreased blood viscosity b) Increased cardiac output c) Decreased hemoglobin concentration d) Increased red blood cell count Answer Key: 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. b 12. c 13. c 14. b 15. c 16. b 17. a 18. b 19. c 20. a 21. b 22. b 23. b 24. c 25. b 26. c 27. c 28. c 29. c 30. c 31. c 32. c 33. d 34. c 35. c Done