Harmful Effects of Bacteria (H. Biology) - 2020-2021 Exam

Albayan University ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻼت‬ H. Biology 1st year 125 th lec. F2 2020-2021 2023-2024 Dr. Riad 18-5-2021 Harmful effects of bacteria  What are bacteria?  Bacteria are among the smallest living organisms....

Albayan University ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻼت‬ H. Biology 1st year 125 th lec. F2 2020-2021 2023-2024 Dr. Riad 18-5-2021 Harmful effects of bacteria  What are bacteria?  Bacteria are among the smallest living organisms.  They usually band together in colonies. ‫ذاتية التغذية‬  Bacteria can be autotrophic, E. Coli O157:H7 can make you make their own food very sick. or heterotrophic, feed off of other organisms. This E. coli helps you digest food.  Characteristics of Bacteria  Three basic shapes  Rod shaped called bacilli (buh-sill-eye(  Round shaped called cocci (cox-eye( Bacilli  Spiral shaped Spiral Cocci  Structure of Bacteria  Bacteria have these features:  Cell wall ‫يقاوم الضغط االوزموزي‬  resists osmotic pressure  Flagella  movement  Pili  Attachment  Capsule  protection and biofilms Structure of Bacteria  Movement and feeding  Bacteria get around in many ways. Some bacteria move using flagella. Others have a slimy layer to grip surfaces. Some are carried by the movement of air or liquids..  The importance of bacteria  Bacteria are useful in many areas of industry. Yogurt and cheese are made with certain types of bacteria. Bacteria break down waste products in sewage. Bacteria can help clean up oil spills.  Harmful effects of bacteria ‫مسببات االمراض‬  Certain bacteria act as pathogens and cause tetanus, typhoid fever, pneumonia, syphilis, cholera, food-borne illness and tuberculosis.  Streptococcus bacteria may cause small infections like strep throat and some serious diseases like pneumonia.  Some of the stomach bacteria enter the body through the mouth, and they can survive in the acidic conditions in the stomach. Harmful effects of bacteria Acidic condition Typhoid fever  Harmful effects of bacteria  Campylobacter is a group of bacteria that can create illnesses in humans and is a common cause of food poisoning.  Harmful bacteria in food cause botulism, which can cause paralysis or even death if even one-millionth of the bacterium is ingested.  Yersinia pestis or bubonic plague, is a rod-shaped type of bacterium which is well-known for its harmful nature.  Harmful effects of bacteria  Bacteria-carrying fleas found on animals such as rats and mice transmit the bacteria that are believed to have caused the deaths of millions of people in human history.  Antibiotics are widely used to kill harmful bacteria.  Where do you get a pathogen ?  Contact with people who are sick Direct or indirect  Food, Water, or other Surfaces that are contaminated Foods that could be contaminated Direct contact Indirect contact  Where do you get a pathogen? Direct Contact Indirect Contact Foods and water may be contaminated  How can I avoid pathogens?  Wash your hands often so you won’t transfer bacteria to your mouth or food Warm water with soap for 20 seconds, rub hard between fingers and nails Cook food thoroughly to kill any pathogens that may be in your food Store food properly to limit pathogen growth –Cold temperatures (40F ) THANK YOU