Housekeeping PDF

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY HOUSEKEEPING Housekeeping is one of the areas in Home Economics which refers to the managemen...

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY HOUSEKEEPING Housekeeping is one of the areas in Home Economics which refers to the management of duties and chores in running a household. This includes cleaning, cooking, home maintenance, shopping, laundry, payment of house bills. Household members may perform these different tasks, or the family may hire other persons too do these for them. The term may also refer to the management of an office where employee’s satay for several hours of the day. The individual who manages the household is referred to as housekeeper. In Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management of the Victorian Era describes the housekeeper as "second in command in the house, and except in large establishments, where there is a house steward, the housekeeper must consider himself/herself as the immediate representative of her mistress." Housecleaning is the most important component of housekeeping. Disposing of rubbish, cleaning of dirty surfaces, keeping off dust on surfaces and pieces of furniture, and doing vacuuming. this is done to make the home look pleasing to the eye, smell better, safer, and comfortable to live in for all the dwellers. The important areas of the house that must be cleaned and sanitized are the toilets and bathrooms, urinals, lavatories, and their accessories. These are the parts of the house which family members' body are in direct contact with. Without cleaning the house or office, dusts form on surfaces, molds grow in wet areas, lime scale may be hardened on kitchenware and pipes, glasses be blurry or stained, toilet may turn smelly, and cobwebs accumulate. PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF HOUSEKEEPING Home and offices have important areas which should be given attention first and foremost in cleanliness. Areas which have direct contact with our bodies such as toilets and bathrooms, urinals and lavatories and their accessories need to be the cleanest parts of the house. For an effective and efficient housekeeping, amenities are considered and provided such as towels, linens, beddings, glasses, tableware, pieces of furniture, appliances, and kitchen wares. Cleaning equipment, tools, and supplies are alsO necessary for complete housekeeping needs. TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND MATERIAL USED IN HOUSEKEEPING Effective and efficient housekeeping depends on the cleaning equipment, tools and supplies the household or office provides. Tools used in house cleaning are vacuum cleaner, brooms, mops and sponges together with the cleaning products such as detergents, disinfectants, and bleach. Accessories such as towels, linens and beddings will be discussed here, too.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY CLEANING AND SANITIZING EQUIPMENT Vacuum cleaner. This is used to remove dust particles specifically from carpet surfaces and upholstered furniture. This can also be used in cleaning hard surfaces. Floor polisher. This is used to scrub floor, strip and polish hard floor surfaces and also to polish vinyl, wood and parquet. Carpet sweeper. This is used in picking up dirt and some particles from the carpet. Hydro-Vacuum or wet and dry vacuum. This is an all-purpose vacuum used for absorbing water in flooded or wet surface and can also be used for dry surfaces. Carpet extractor. This is intended for dry foam shampooing of carpets. Dirt that sticks to or penetrates the layers of the carpets is removed by using this. Cart or trolley. It is used to stock cleaning supplies and chemicals to make cleaning faster and easier. CLEANING TOOLS Tools and equipment need to be checked and maintained before and after each use to prolong their life span. Proper care includes a regular check-up especially their wiring to avoid breakdown and prevent untoward accident. This will also lessen the cost of maintenance. Scouring pads. There are two colors, the green and white pad. Green is used for scrubbing rough dirty surfaces. White is used for cleaning painted surfaces, marble, porcelain, and mirrors. Dusting clothes. These are used to wipe or dust wooden and painted parts. These can be towel-clothe like. Polishing cloth. It is made of soft cloth used to polish metal surfaces in kitchen and in bathrooms and other parts of the house made of metal. Cleaning broom. It is used for sweeping the floor. Some made of hard materials can be used to remove cobwebs from the ceiling. Mop with mop handle. It is used for mopping the floor. This must be wet usually to remove stains on the floor. This will also be used dry to wipe or dry wet floor to avoid accident. Floor and window Squeegees. These are used to remove excessive water from the surface and corners especially glass surfaces. This speed up the drying process of the surface. Toilet bowl brush. This is used for cleaning toilet bowls. It is provided with plastic or wooden handle for ease in reaching hidden part of the bowl. Sponges. These are made of soft material used to clean fine surfaces. Trash bags. These are to use as linings for garbage containers to prevent the wet garbage from penetrating directly to the container. Tongs. These are used for picking up dirt on the floor and cigarette butts from then ashtrays. Cleaning tools and materials are very important in doing housekeeping tasks. To attain quality standards, adequate and appropriate tools to used are necessary. Moreover, it is necessary to observe proper handling of these tools. Full awareness of the manufacturer’s instruction and asking  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY the assistance of your classmates or teachers enables you to do the assigned task effectively and efficiently. CLEANING CHEMICALS In addition to cleaning tools and materials. a housekeeper also to use some cleaning chemicals. Some of these are wood polish, insecticides, methylated spirit, air freshener and muriatic acid. These chemicals are toxic so utmost care should be observed in using or handling these solutions. Highly combustible chemicals should never be used near fire or flame. Before using them, read the instructions very well, when not sure on how to use this, for the assistance of those knowledgeable individuals around to avoid possible accident or wastage. The following are some examples of cleaning chemicals: Wood polish. This is used to polish or shine wood surfaces, leather surfaces such as sofa and similar pieces of furniture. Insecticides. This is used to fumigate or eliminate insects and pests. Methylated spirit. This is a chemical used to polish all glass surfaces such as mirrors, windows, and others. Air freshener. This is used to spray guestrooms, comfort rooms, or any area to give fresh smell or to remove foul odor from the room. Muriatic acid. This is only appropriate for removing hard dirt from cemented floor or similar surfaces. This must not be used in cleaning toilet bowls since it is very strong, and it can damage the tiles.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY CLEANING PROCUDERES IN VARIOUS HOUSEHOLD AREAS STEPS IN MAINTAINING THE FLOOR 1. Sweep the floor with a clean broom, dust mop, or cleaning cloth to remove dirt and litter. 2. Mix 1 part of cleaning solution with about 4 parts waters. Use higher dilution if the area is disinfected. 3. Apply the cleaning solution on the floor with a wet mop. Let the solution penetrate the floor for 2 minutes. Use warm water for its best cleaning results. 4. Spray buff regularly with buffing chemicals. Spray 2 – 3 squirts on the floor, then buff immediately to restore the shine. Damp – mop the floor regularly with the help of a cleaning agent. FLOOR TYPES CLEANING PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS Floor type Cleaning Procedure Precautions Use mild detergent or soap Avoid use of oils or solvents to prevent Asphalt Rinse with clear water discoloration and excessive wetting to Dry immediately with mop or wet/dry vacuum prevent tile warping. Use a mild detergent solution: avoid alkaline Avoid excess wetting; use adequate solutions Linoleum furniture rests to avoid indentations of the Rinse with clear water floor. Remove water immediately with wet/dry vacuum Use a mild detergent solution Avoid direct sunlight and lubricating oils Rubber Rinse because the tile will crack, dull and chalky. Remove water promptly Use a neutral detergent solution. Avoid excessive wetting to prevent tile Vinyl Rinse. warping; extreme brightness and scratches. Dry with a wet/dry vacuum Ceramic tile is very durable, but the grout Use a neutral cleaner to avoid warping of the tile; base is susceptible to crystalline salt damage. Ceramic apply with a mop. Avoid crystalline salt solution to avoid Remove cleaning solution; rinse thoroughly. damage to ceramic tiles. Avoid colored coating in moisture or high Use a neutral cleaner for stubborn soil traffic areas; Neutralize excess alkalinity Concrete accumulations, use a slightly alkaline solution. before painting or sealing; Very porous; Never use an acid solution to concrete tiles. should be scaled immediately to avoid dusting and deep penetration of oil and dirt. Use a neutral cleaner Marble Rinse thoroughly Seal with penetrating sealer. Dry with soft cloth to avoid streaking. Floor must be sealed before any maintenance program can be used: Sweep, dust mop (water Wood types treated) or damp mop in commercial settings, Wood block for flooring; use a neutral cleaner, Never clean wood floor with soap and water  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY STEPS ON HOW TO CLEAN THE WALL 1. Gather Cleaning Supplies Before you start cleaning your walls, the first thing is to ensure that you have all the necessary cleaning supplies. Here are the tools needed. Water Cleaning detergent Baking soda Vacuum cleaner Two buckets Stain remover Hydrogen peroxide The cleaning products you use depend on the type of dirt on your walls. You will also need a foam craft brush and a brush attachment. Additionally, ensure the cleaning substance is not harsh for the paint on the walls. 2. Protect Your Floor It is best to cover your floor to prevent drips. Place towels on the floor to collect dust from the walls and prevent the dirt from dropping directly onto the floor. 3. Dust the Walls Cleaning the walls before removing dust will make the process longer and tiring. So, dust the walls using a brush attachment, stretching over to the furthest ends. A foam craft brush will also help you remove dust from baseboards. 4. Mix Water and the Detergent Since you have two buckets, place water in both buckets and pour the soap into one of the buckets. Mix it well and soak the piece of cloth in the solution. Start cleaning the walls by moving from the top to bottom. It is best to clean one side before moving to the other. 5. Remove Stubborn Stains If the walls have stubborn stains, use baking soda and hydrogen peroxide to remove them. Mix the two substances in equal portions and place the paste in the stained areas. Rub gently until all the stains come out. 6. Rinse and Dry the Walls Once you are sure that the stains, dust, and dirt are off the walls, rinse the surfaces and dry them well using a dry cloth. You can leave the windows open to allow the walls to dry faster.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY STEPS ON HOW TO DEEP CLEAN A BATHROOM 1. Prepare your bathroom for cleaning. Before you begin cleaning, clear out anything that’s in the way, such as towels, shampoo bottles and soap dispensers. Once you’ve done that, gather the necessary cleaning products. You can use whatever you’re comfortable with, but these supplies are the most useful for bathroom cleaning: While cleaning your bathroom, it helps to focus on one section at a time. Each step covers a different part of the bathroom and can largely be done in any order. 2. Scrub down the shower and bathtub The shower and bathtub probably take up the greatest amount of space in your bathroom. Thus, they can seem rather daunting to clean — especially if you haven’t given them a good scrub recently. Here’s how to approach your shower and tub: Shower curtain and liner – Put your shower curtain and liner in the wash with a couple of old towels (the towels help scrub off any extra grime). When they’re done, there’s no need for the dryer — just hang back on their hooks to air-dry. Shower doors – For shower doors, mix a few drops of vinegar with baking soda to create a paste, then wipe it all over the door panel. Leave it for an hour, then wipe off with a damp cloth, rinse with water and dry with a clean cloth. Bathtub – As for the tub, spray bathroom cleaner all over and let it sit as the product’s directions state. Then scrub and rinse. Showerhead – Finish this area with the showerhead. Fill a grocery or storage bag with a generous amount of vinegar, then tie it around your showerhead so it’s completely submerged. Leave overnight to cleanse, then rinse with water. 3. Get in deep with tile grout. Grime can run amok in the spaces in between your bathroom’s tiles. To keep the grout clean, mix ¾ cup of bleach with 1 gallon of water. Carefully apply the solution with a brush. After letting it sit for about 5 minutes, rinse with water. If you prefer to avoid bleach, you should research alternatives to find a cleaning solution with which you’re more comfortable. 4. Wipe down the walls. You can easily clean your walls with an all-purpose cleaner. For a deeper clean, try adding steam to the mix. To do so, after you spray your cleaner, run hot water from your shower until the bathroom steams up. Then turn off the shower, leave the bathroom and shut the door. Let the steam sit for at least 20 minutes. When the time has passed, go back in and wipe down the walls.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY 5. Brighten up the toilet bowl. Out of everything in your bathroom, the toilet might be the piece that requires the most frequent cleaning. Keep in mind that cleaning a toilet is more than just the toilet bowl; it also includes all the parts attached to it. Here’s the best way to tackle your toilet: Toilet bowl – Pour toilet bowl cleaner all along the top of the bowl. Let it sit for about 5 minutes, and then scrub with a toilet brush. Flush to rinse. For stubborn stains, use baking soda instead of the toilet bowl cleaner. Toilet brush – Keep your toilet brush clean by either spraying it with disinfectant or, while holding the brush over a sink or toilet, pouring bleach or an alternative disinfectant over its bristles. It’s recommended to clean the brush after every use. Toilet seat – For the toilet seat, flush lever and cover, use an all-purpose cleaner or wipe down with disinfecting wipes. 6. Deep clean the sink It may come as a surprise that the bathroom sink is home to more bacteria than any other part of the bathroom. This makes it more important to clean it the right way. Use a bathroom cleaner or disinfecting wipes for the faucet, handles, countertop, and bowl of the sink. For the drain, pour some vinegar or baking soda down it followed by hot water. 7. Clean the mirror, cabinets, and shelves. The items that hang from your bathroom walls, such as the mirror and other shelves, also need regular cleaning. For your mirror, lightly spray it with a glass cleaner or a vinegar- and-water solution, then wipe down with a microfiber cloth or a couple sheets of newspaper. You can use paper towels or another type of cloth instead, though they may leave behind streaks. Clean any additional shelves and cabinets you have with an all- purpose cleaner. 8. Clean the dust out of the bathroom fan. Don’t forget to look up during your deep clean. The bathroom fan holds onto a lot of residual dust and gunk from all that goes on in the bathroom. Start by vacuuming the dust from its vents, then wipe it down with a slightly damp sponge or cloth. If the cover can be removed, soak it in soap and water, rinse and let it air-dry. Be careful not to get any of the fan’s electrical components wet. 9. Wash the bathroom towels. The towels in your home bathroom are touched by many people, so make sure you’re taking care of them properly. Bleach your towels or run them through a sanitize cycle on your washing machine. Replace used bathroom towels every few days.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY 10. Finish up the floors. As you go about your bathroom cleaning, it might help to save the bathroom floor for last to avoid tracking in fresh dirt while cleaning something else later. With floors, just spray a bathroom cleaner and wipe down. If needed, use a bleach-and-water solution for lingering spots, then rinse with water and towel dry. SAFETY MEASURES IN DOING HOUSEHOLD TASKS Housekeeping is not only plain cleanliness. Keeping areas neat and orderly. keeping floors free of slip and trip hazards, maintaining halls and hallways safe and clean, removing waste materials from work areas and fire hazard places are some of the tasks to be considered. Danger or risks can vary greatly. What is important is, whoever is to use a tool or piece of equipment as required in his/her job, he/she has to do this with. care. Employers need to orient workers and provide all the necessary information to ensure safe use of tools. At the start, they must see that workers have the appropriate qualifications to use intricate tools and equipment. Orientation and training should be provided as much as possible to improve skills and remind users of safety procedures. The worker needs to handle material in his/her daily function in the workplace. Handling material should not be taken for granted. Untoward incidents may happen if this is done incorrectly. An example of this is wearing gloves to prevent cuts and wearing safety shoes to prevent injury to your feet from a dropped item. Sometimes, there are tasks which require you to carry load. Consider some of these tips which the National Safety Council suggests: 1. Determine if you can carry a load comfortably; tip it on its side. 2. Ask for help if the load is too heavy or bulky for one person. Check first if there are nails, splinters, rough strapping, or rough edges. 3: Lift the load correctly. 4. See to it that your footing is solid. 5. Position your back with no curving or slouching. 6. Your body must be at center over your feet. 7. Get a good grasp of the object and pull it close to you. Lift with your legs and not with your back. 8. Move your feet to turn; don't twist your back. 9. Don't attempt to carry a big or heavy load.