Production Drawing PDF

PRODUCTION DRAWING BET 141 PREPARED BY: ELLA MAY R. BAGOS,MT LETTERING History and Development The designs of modern alphabets had their origin in Egyptian hieroglyphics which were developed into a cursive hieroglyphics or hieratic writing. https://www.youtube....

PRODUCTION DRAWING BET 141 PREPARED BY: ELLA MAY R. BAGOS,MT LETTERING History and Development The designs of modern alphabets had their origin in Egyptian hieroglyphics which were developed into a cursive hieroglyphics or hieratic writing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emn_nqbETco Eastern Greek Alphabet Latin Alphabet Communication Lettering is essential for clearly conveying information. Whether it's dimensions, notes, or labels, precise lettering ensures that the drawing communicates the necessary details effectively to anyone who reads it. Professionalism Consistent and neat lettering reflects professionalism. It shows attention to detail and care in the work, which is crucial in fields like architecture, engineering, and design. Standardization  In many technical fields, standardized lettering is required to ensure that drawings are easily understood by anyone, regardless of who created them. This consistency is critical in collaborative environments. Accuracy Lettering in drawings must be accurate, particularly when it comes to measurements and specifications. Errors in lettering can lead to misinterpretations, which can result in costly mistakes during construction or manufacturing. Styles of Letters Single-stroke Gothic Letters / Gothic Letters Generally, the lettering used in engineering and technical drawing consists of single strokes which are uniform in width. It is the plainest and most legible of all the styles of letter and comparatively easy to make. Roman Letters The roman letters are distinctively divided in two: The Old Roman and the Modern Roman. The Old Roman which is the basis of all our letters and considered to be the most beautiful are still prepared to be used in buildings and for inscription on metals or stones while the letters used in magazines, newspaper and books are Modern Roman or simply Roman Letters. Styles of Letters Italic Letters All inclined letters regardless of style used is classified as Italic Letters. Because of its beauty and versatility, Italic is widely recognized as the most popular calligraphic hand. It is used for designing book jackets, menus and greeting cards, lettering poems , invitations and announcements. Text Letters This letter style includes all styles of Old English, German Text, Bradley Text, and other trade names. Oftentimes used in diplomas and certificates, this style is too illegible to read and cumbersome to prepare for commercial purposes. General  Division of Letters Letters are generally divided according to: A. Usage Built-up Letters These are letters often used in big advertisements. They are first outlined and then filled up for more emphasis. Single-Stroke Letters These are letters made one stroke of lettering pencils or pens. Letters are generally divided according to: B. Proportion To meet the design or space requirements, letters may be made normal, narrower or wider. Normal Letters These are letters drawn in its usual proportion and are neither too narrow nor too wide. Proportion of Normal Letters I – the narrowest and is the foundation strokes of all letters W – the widest letter T O M Q V A X Y – the second widest letter ……and the rest of the letters are of average width. Compressed/Condensed Letters These letters are spaced closed together and are narrower in width in proportion to the height and are used when space is limited.  Extended Letters These letters are drawn wider than the normal letters and are used when the space is wider. Letters are generally divided according to: C. Thickness of the Stem Lightface Letters having very thin stems are called lightface letters Boldface Letters having very thick stems or heavy strokes are classified as boldface. Uniformity in Lettering Uniformity in lettering is essential in any style of lettering. Letter that are uniform in height, proportion, inclination, strength of lines and spacing ensure a pleasing appearance Stability in  Lettering Letters appear top heavy when their upper and lower portions are drawn in equal width. To correct this so as to produce the effect of stability and appear more pleasing to the reader, the upper portions of letters are reduced in size. Technique of Lettering While it is true that practice makes perfect, it must be understood that practice alone is not enough. It must be accompanied by continuous effort to improve. Lettering as what normally regarded is not writing but freehand drawing.Note: Use an F or H pencil for lettering. After a few letters are made, the will tend to become dull. In order to wear the lead uniformly and thereby to keep the lettering sharp, turn the pencil frequently to a new position. Technique of Lettering 1. Knowledge of the proportions and forms of the letters and the order of  strokes. 2. Knowledge of the composition – the spacing of the letters and words. 3. Persistent practice with continuous effort to improve. Guide Lines in Lettering Guide lines are absolutely essential for good lettering. The better draftsman always uses guide lines and believes that good lettering can be acquired through the use of guide lines. Guide lines are fine light lines that are used to regulate the height of letters and keep letters uniformly vertical or inclined. Guide Lines in Lettering Spacing of Letters Uniformity in spacing of letters is a matter of equalizing space by eye. The background areas between letters and not the distance between them should be made approximately equal Spacing of Words Letters