L2 KMT Gases Notes and Textbook Answers PDF

Kinetos = motion Particle behaviour in various phases of matter Chemistry studies the composition of matter. The particle model of matter states that: 1) matter is made of particles that are infinitely small: atoms, ions or molecules 2) there are forces of repulsion and attraction between the...

Kinetos = motion Particle behaviour in various phases of matter Chemistry studies the composition of matter. The particle model of matter states that: 1) matter is made of particles that are infinitely small: atoms, ions or molecules 2) there are forces of repulsion and attraction between the particles 3) all particle are in constant motion  Types of motion  There are 3 types of motion: The solid phase  - Solid objects maintain their shape and are incompressible.  - The distances between particles are very small.  - There are strong attraction forces(bonds) between particles.  - PARTICLES IN SOLIDS DISPLAY ONLY VIBRATIONAL MOTION The liquid phase  The distances between particles are greater than in solids.  The particles slide against each other.  There are weak attraction forces between particles.  PARTICLES IN LIQUID STATE DISPLAY VIBRATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION The gaseous phase  The distances between particles are great.  Particles are free to move in all direction.  The attraction forces between particles are negligible.  PARTICLES IN GASEOUS STATE DISPLAY VIBRATIONAL, ROTATIONAL and TRANSLATIONAL MOTION  The kinetic theory of gases  1. All gases are made up of large numbers of particles, which are in constant random motion.  2. The volume of all of the particles of the gas is negligible when compared to the total volume in which the gas is contained.  3. Particles can collide with each other with no loss of kinetic energy. In other words, the collisions are perfectly elastic.  4. The forces of attraction and repulsion between the actual gas particles are negligible.  5. The average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the absolute temperature. At any given temperature, the particles of all gases have the same average kinetic energy. PROBLEMS – TEXTBOOK PAGE 62