Family and Society PDF

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY FAMILY AND SOCIETY FAMILY is a basic social institution which public policy cherishes and protects....

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY FAMILY AND SOCIETY FAMILY is a basic social institution which public policy cherishes and protects. is a socially recognized group (usually joined by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption) that forms an emotional connection among its members and that serves as an economic unit of society. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAMILY ▪ Family of Procreation refers to the family into which a person is born. ▪ Family of procreation describes one that is formed through marriage. SOCIAL FUNCTIONS ▪ The family is the primary unit for socializing children. ▪ The family is ideally a major source of practical and emotional support for its members. ▪ The family helps regulate sexual activity and sexual reproduction. ▪ The family provides its members with a social identity. ROLES OF MEMBERS Roles of the Father ✓ Provides basic needs such as money for food, clothing, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. ✓ Maintains discipline in the home. ✓ Shows love and maintain peace ✓ A role model in the family ✓ The head of the home ✓ Protects family members ✓ Teaches his children the culture of the society. ✓ Breadwinner of the family. ✓ Performs his civic right and responsibilities such as paying of tax, obeying the law of the society. Roles of the Mother ✓ Prepares food for the member ✓ cares for the home ✓ Bears and nurture children ✓ Shows love to her husband and children ✓ helps in buying and maintaining family clothing ✓ Teaches the children home making skill and other functional skills ✓ She is the home maker in the family ✓ She acts as a model for her daughters ✓ She takes care of the simple in of the family. ✓ She performs her civic right and responsibilities. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY Roles of the Children: ✓ Respect and obey their parents and other adults in the society. ✓ Help in carrying out domestic chores and errands in the home e.g. cleaning the house, washing plates, caring for younger ones, fetching water. ✓ Learn the culture of the society. ✓ Give unity and stability to the home ✓ Bears the family’s name ✓ Perform their civic rights and responsibilities. FAMILY LIFE CYCLE STAGES INDEPENDENCE is the most critical stage of the family life cycle. During this stage, you strive to become fully able to support yourself emotionally, physically, socially, and financially. You begin to develop unique qualities and characteristics that define your individual identity. During the independence stage, you hope to: ▪ Learn to see yourself as a separate person in relation to your original family— parents, siblings, and extended family members. ▪ Develop intimate peer relationships outside the family. ▪ Establish yourself in your work or career. Other important qualities you develop during this phase include: ▪ Trust. ▪ Morals. ▪ Initiative. ▪ Work ethic. ▪ Identity, or who you are in the world. COUPLING OR MARRIAGE When you join families through a marriage or committed union, you form a new family system. Your family system includes your personal ideas, expectations, and values. These are shaped by the relationships and experiences with your original family. When you marry or form a union, you combine your family system with your spouse's or partner's. This requires reshaping your goals and your partner's goals. You may find that some of the ideas or expectations that you held in the past are not realistic at this stage. Some common areas of adjustment include: ▪ Finances. ▪ Lifestyle. ▪ Recreational activities or hobbies. ▪ Relationships with in-laws. ▪ Sexuality or sexual compatibility. ▪ Friendships. ▪ Putting another person's needs before your own. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY The life skills you learn in this stage are important in developing true interdependence and the ability to have a cooperative and healthy relationship. Some of the challenges of this stage include: ▪ Transitioning into the new family system. ▪ Including your spouse or partner in your relationships with friends and family members. ▪ Being committed to making your marriage work. ▪ Putting the needs of another ahead of your own. Your specific goals for this stage of the family life cycle are: ▪ Forming a new family with your partner. ▪ Realigning your relationships with your family of origin and your friends to now include your spouse. PARENTING: BABIES THROUGH ADOLESCENTS PARENTING YOUNG CHILDREN Adapting children into other relationships is a key emotional process of this stage. You will take on the parenting role and transition from being a member of a couple to being a parent. While you are still evolving as individuals, you and your partner are also becoming decision-makers for your family. Continuing to express your individuality while working well together as a couple results in a strong marriage. Your child's healthy development depends on your ability to provide a safe, loving, and organized environment. Children benefit when their parents have a strong relationship. Caring for young children cuts into the amount of time you might otherwise spend alone or with your partner. If you did not fully develop some skills in previous phases, such as compromise for the good of the family, your relationship may be strained. For example, divorce or affairs may be more likely to occur during the years of raising young children if parents have not developed strong skills from earlier life stages. But for those who have the proper tools, this can be a very rewarding, happy time, even with all of its challenges. Optimally, you develop as an individual, as a member of a couple, and as a member of a family. Specific goals when young children join your family are: ▪ Adjusting your marital system to make space for children. ▪ Taking on parenting roles. ▪ Realigning your relationships with your extended family to include parenting and grandparenting roles. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY PARENTING ADOLESCENTS Parenting teenagers can be a rough time for your family and can test your relationship skills. It's also a time for positive growth and creative exploration for your entire family. Families that function best during this period have strong, flexible relationships developed through good communication, problem solving, mutual caring, support, and trust. Most teens experiment with different thoughts, beliefs, and styles, which can cause family conflict. Your strengths as an individual and as part of a couple are critical as you deal with the increasing challenges of raising a teenager. Strive for a balanced atmosphere in which your teenager has a sense of support and emotional safety as well as opportunities to try new behaviors. An important skill at this stage is flexibility as you encourage your child to become independent and creative. Establish boundaries for your teenager but encourage exploration at the same time. Teens may question themselves in many areas, including their sexual orientation and gender identities. Because of what you learned when you developed your identity in the earlier stages of life, you may feel more prepared and more secure about the changes your child is going through. But if you did not work through these skills at earlier stages of life, you may feel threatened by your child's new developments. Flexibility in the roles each person plays in the family system is a valuable skill to develop at this stage. Responsibilities such as the demands of a job or caring for someone who is ill may require each person in the family to take on various, and sometimes changing, roles. This is a time when one or more family members may feel some level of depression or other distress. It may also lead to physical complaints that have no physical cause (somatization disorders such as stomach upsets and some headaches) along with other stress-related disorders. Nurturing your relationship and your individual growth can sometimes be ignored at this stage. Toward the end of this phase, a parent's focus shifts from the maturing teen to career and relationship. Neglecting your personal development and your relationship can make this shift difficult. You also may begin thinking about your role in caring for aging parents. Making your own health a priority in this phase is helpful as you enter the next stage of the family life cycle. Specific goals during the stage of parenting adolescents include: ▪ Shifting parent-child relationships to allow the child to move in and out of the family system. ▪ Shifting focus back to your mid-life relationship and career issues. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY ▪ Beginning a shift toward concern for older generations in your extended family. LAUNCHING ADULT CHILDREN The stage of launching adult children begins when your first child leaves home and ends with the "empty nest." When older children leave home, there are both positive and negative consequences. If your family has developed significant skills through the family life cycle, your children will be ready to leave home, ready to handle life's challenges. Free from the everyday demands of parenting, you may choose to rekindle your own relationship and possibly your career goals. Developing adult relationships with your children is a key skill in this stage. You may be challenged to accept new members into your family through your children's relationships. You may focus on reprioritizing your life, forgiving those who have wronged you (maybe long ago), and assessing your beliefs about life. If you struggled with previous life phases, your children may not have learned from you all the skills they need to live well on their own. If you and your partner have not transitioned together, you may no longer feel compatible with each other. But remem ber that you can still gain the skills you may have missed. Self-examination, education, and counselling can enhance your life and help ensure a healthy transition to the next phase. This is a time when your health and energy levels may decline. Some people are diagnosed with chronic illnesses. Symptoms of these diseases can limit normal activities and even long-enjoyed pastimes. Health issues related to mid-life may begin to occur and can include: ▪ High blood pressure (hypertension). ▪ Weight problems. ▪ Arthritis. ▪ Menopause. ▪ Osteoporosis. ▪ Heart disease (coronary artery disease). ▪ Depression. ▪ Stress-related illnesses. You may also be caring for aging parents in this phase, which can be stressful and affect your own health. Specific goals to reach at this stage include: ▪ Refocusing on your relationship without children. ▪ Developing adult relationships with your grown children. ▪ Realigning relationships to include in-laws and grandchildren when your children begin their own families. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY RETIREMENT OR SENIOR STAGE OF LIFE During the retirement phase of the family life cycle, many changes occur in your life. Welcoming new family members or seeing others leave your family is often a large part of this stage as your children marry or divorce or you become a grandparent. This stage can be a great adventure where you are free from the responsibilities of raising your children and can simply enjoy the fruits of your life's work. Challenges you may face include being a support to other family members, even as you are still exploring your own interests and activities or focusing on maintaining your relationship. Many people are caring for elderly parents at this time. You may feel challenged by their emotional, financial, and physical needs while trying to help them keep their independence. You may experience declining physical and mental abilities or changes in your financial or social status. Sometimes you must deal with the death of other family members, including your partner. The quality of your life, in part, depends on how well you adjusted to the changes in earlier stages. It often also depends on how well you have cared for your own health up to this point. Normal aging will affect your body, resulting in wrinkles, aches, pains, and loss of bone density. The chances of having a mental or chronic physical illness increases with age. But aging does not mean you will automatically experience poor health. Retirement can be a fulfilling and happy time. Becoming a grandparent can bring you great joy without the responsibility of raising a child. But those who are without adequate support systems or not well off financially may have a more difficult time in this phase of life. Specific goals to reach for at this final stage of your family life cycle include: ▪ Maintaining your own interests and physical functioning, along with those of your partner, as your body ages. ▪ Exploring new family and social roles. ▪ Providing emotional support for your adult children and extended family members. ▪ Making room in the family system for the wisdom and experience of older adults. ▪ Providing support for the older generation without doing too much for them. ▪ Dealing with the loss of a partner, siblings, and other peers, and preparing for your own death. ▪ Reviewing your life and reflecting on all you have learned and experienced during your life cycle. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT ✓ the process of preserving, protecting, improving, and maintaining your home. Although most of us think of home management as maintenance, it is really the process of making the most of your home. ✓ The concept of management involves planned use of resources directed towards the achievement of desired ends. This involves the weighing of values and the making of a series of decisions. ✓ Other than cleaning your house, the idea of managing your home is probably the furthest thing from your mind right now. Home management affects most homeowners when something goes wrong. However, home management is also an essential element of improving your home. MANAGEMENT PROCESS PLANNING ▪ Planning is very important to the success of management process. It is basically working out ways or course of action to achieve the goals. Planning can be habitual or conscious. ▪ Planning involves thinking through the possible ways of reaching a desired goal. It also involves developing a sequence of actions within an overall organizational structure. ▪ Thinking of all possibilities that members of the family can accomplish to realize the set goals. ORGANIZING ▪ the proper way of implementing activities and using resources to achieve maximum efficiency without setbacks. Close coordination between family members must be done and a definite person in the family must supervise. IMPLEMENTING ▪ carrying out of the plans including the activities and all the resources. This is called "from plan to action." Direct guidance and monitoring must be made to avoid waste of energy and money. EVALUATING ▪ checking and assessing whether the planned activities were carried out as planned. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-TAGUIG BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION TLE 2 – HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY DECISION MAKING ✓ can be regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision-making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. ✓ an essential leadership skill. If you can learn how to make timely, well considered decisions, then you can lead. The Five-Step Decision Making Process 1. Identifying/clarifying the decision to be made. If the decision has not yet been isolated, it should be identified as a first step. Sometimes the decision to be made will have been presented to the decision maker. In those situations, Step 1 calls for the clarification of what the decision entails. 2. Identifying possible decision options. The next step requires the decision maker to spell out, as clearly as possible, just what the decision alternatives really are. For instance, if one were attempting to buy a bicycle, do the decision options only consist of the different types of bicycles, or is another option to refrain from buying a bicycle altogether? 3. Gathering/processing information. Next, the decision maker collects or processes information that can help guide the decision. If such information is already at hand, then it simply needs to be processed; that is, studied and understood by the decision maker. If there is no relevant information available, or if there is insufficient information, then such information must be collected so it can be processed. The more significant the decision, the more rigorous the information-gathering process. 4. Making/implementing the decision. After the information has been considered according to its relevance and significance, a decision based on that information should be made and, thereafter, implemented. 5. Evaluating the decision. In recognition of the fact that not all of one's decisions are likely to be defensible, the final step in the five-step decision making process is to determine whether the decision was appropriate. Ordinarily, this will be done by ascertaining the decision's consequences. HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY