Lecture 10 - Load Lines Convention 1966 - PDF

LECTURE 10  Abandon Ship! The Italian cruise ship, Costa Concordia, unstable, struck rocks near a Tuscan island off Italy's Mediterranean coast. Aboard were over 4200 people. Date: Tuesday, January 17, 2012  The Modern Express on 26 January 2016. The ship, a car carrier, was en-route to Le Havre,...

LECTURE 10  Abandon Ship! The Italian cruise ship, Costa Concordia, unstable, struck rocks near a Tuscan island off Italy's Mediterranean coast. Aboard were over 4200 people. Date: Tuesday, January 17, 2012  The Modern Express on 26 January 2016. The ship, a car carrier, was en-route to Le Havre, France, when she lost propulsion and she turned broadside to the storm.  Convention on Load Lines (LL, 1966);  It has long been recognized that limitations on the draught/draft to which a ship may be loaded make a significant contribution to her safety. These limits are given in the form of freeboards, besides external weathertight and watertight integrity/strength. This Load Line mark has a circle with a diametrical Introduction line cut across the circle. This mark is also known as Plimsoll Mark and ships were allowed to load only till this line reached the waterline, thus preventing overloading of the ship. The rule adopted to determine this line was by referring to a table of Freeboards against length of ship. From it, determine the allowable Freeboard. TERM USED IN SHIP  The Load line regulations have a long history of over 140 years. It was introduced in 1854 by a British Parliamentarian Lord Plimsoll, and finally passed in 1876 as the first merchant shipping Act. As per this Act all Merchant ships were required to have a Load line marked on the ship side at the mid-ship length. With the advent of steel ships and powered History propulsion, the very simple Load line regulations has slowly developed into a more elaborate set of rules covering all known aspects of flooding and damage control. The rules also applied to dry cargo ships and tankers and the concept of two separate tables of Freeboards based on length of ship was in existence then as it is now.  The first International Convention on Load Lines, adopted in 1930, was based on the principle of reserve buoyancy, although it was recognized then that the freeboard should also ensure adequate stability and avoid excessive stress on the ship's hull as a result of overloading. The 1930 Load line regulations came into force after the development of steel ships powered by steam or I.C. engines.  Establishment of L/L by IMO The 1966 Load Line Convention happens to be the first International Load Line Convention after IMO (IMCO) came into existence. The Convention was held from 3rdMarch to 5th April 1966. The L/L Regulations being the outcome of this Convention was adopted on 5th April 1966. Adoption: 5 April 1966; Entry into force: 21 July 1968  In the 1966 Load Lines convention, What is the provisions are made for purpose of determining the freeboard of ships load line by subdivision and damage Convention stability calculations. and the The regulations take into account the content potential hazards present in different zones and different seasons. Consist of 34 articles, 3 Annexes  Annex I is divided into four Chapters: Chapter I - General; Chapter II - Conditions of assignment of freeboard; The Chapter III - Freeboards; Convention includes Chapter IV - Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards. three (for timber cargo on deck) annexes. Annex II covers Zones, areas and seasonal periods. Annex III contains certificates, including the International Load Line Certificate.  Regulations in LL66 REGULATION HEADING NUMBERS CHAPTER GENERAL from 1 to 9 1 CONDITIONS OF from 10 to 26 2 ASSIGNMENT FREEBOARDS from 27 to 40 3 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR from 41 to 45 4 SHIPS ASSIGNED TIMBER FREEBOARDS Zones, Areas and ANNEX 2 Seasonal periods  Load line certificate certifies that vessel complies with the loadline convention. The minimum freeboard required by the What is the loadline convention is calculated by taking load line into account many factors including reserve Certificate? buoyancy of the ship. Loadline convention applies to ships of more than 24 meters in length.  Buoyancy. The portion of the buoyant volume below the waterline. Reserve Buoyancy. The portion of the buoyant volume which is above the OBJECTIVES OF ASSIGNING A LOAD LINE WITH FREEBOARDS To provide adequate reserve buoyancy against accidental flooding of any water-tight compartment in the vessels To provide comfortable and safe accommodation for the crew and facilities for their safe movement within the ship and to land ashore during port stay. Weather tight integrity of the freeboard or main deck Providing sufficient subdivision within the hull so that reserve buoyancy is sufficiently To provide adequate strength to the vessels  Water- tight :- Means prevention of leakage of water from a closed opening when the closure is subjected to a predetermined head of water (i.e it can withstand water pressure from both sides). Example—water-tight door in engine room which is subjected to a head of sea water up to main deck level. Definitions Weather-tight:- Means prevention of leakage of water from a closed opening when the closure is subjected to a strong spray of water, such as a swell hitting a weather tight door. Water –tight condition is more stronger than Weather tight condition.  Watertight doors are special types of doors found on ships that prevent the entering of water from one compartment to another during flooding or accidents and therefore act  Weathertight doors are located above the waterline and can withstand the weather condition.