Introduction to Nursing and Nursing Ethics PDF

Introduction to Nursing and Nursing Ethics Outline History of Nursing Definition of nursing Nursing aim Education and agency Objectives After completing this class, the students will be able: ❖ Describe the nursing development stages ❖ Define nursing and nursing aim...

Introduction to Nursing and Nursing Ethics Outline History of Nursing Definition of nursing Nursing aim Education and agency Objectives After completing this class, the students will be able: ❖ Describe the nursing development stages ❖ Define nursing and nursing aims ❖ List the four nursing aims Introduction History of Nursing ❖ It is difficult to trace the exact origin of the nursing profession. However, moral action is the historical basis. ◦ Nursing began with the idea of caring for others because it's the right thing to do ◦ Example: person helping an injured traveler on the road because they felt it was the right thing to do. ❖ Moral and ethics affect nursing on different level. As nurses, our motivation to care for others is generated by moral reasoning. ◦ Moral: You feel it’s wrong to ignore someone in pain because you value kindness. ◦ Ethics: In nursing, it’s your duty to treat all patients fairly, even if they’re not nice to you. History of Nursing 1. Nursing in the Middle Ages (3rd to 15th century ) In the early 3rd century, Monasticism and other religious groups provided opportunities for men and women to pursue careers in nursing. The Christian value of caring for others was central to nursing practice. - Several wealthy people of the roman empire such as Fabiola; Christian woman used her wealth to provide houses of care and healing for the poor, the sick, and homeless people. Cont.. – The Crusades established several orders for health centers. – Teutonic knight and knight of Saint Lazarus, these brothers in arms provided nursing care to their sick and injured people. – Their symbol: a bright Red Cross Cont.… 2. Dark age of nursing: During this time, being a nurse wasn’t a respected job. Poor or single women were forced to work as nurses. Example: A woman with no family might be assigned to clean wounds or care for the elderly in exchange for food and shelter. Things improved in 1836 when Theodor Fliedner and his wife started The first nursing school in Germany. The school started with only six nursing students. Florence Nightingale, who later became a famous nurse, trained at this school. Example: Florence learned how to organize hospitals and care for soldiers, becoming a role model for modern nurses. Modern Nursing Florence nightingale Founder of modern nursing. Early Training: Despite family opposition and societal norms, she received 3 months of nursing training in Germany. She established the Nightingale Training School for Nurses in 1860 at St. Thomas' Hospital in London, England. Impact on Nursing: ✔ Transformed nursing into a professional and respected field. ✔ Defined nursing as both an art and a science. ✔ Highlighted the two main components of nursing: health and illness. Lady with the lamp Nightingale training school for nurses The Islamic Period: 570 –632AD Saidatuna Rufaida Al-Aslamy (RA) Set up a training school for nurses. Developed the first code of conduct and ethics Organizer of community health. Set up a tent outside a mosque to care for patients and led a group of women in providing medical aid to the wounded soldiers. Her work continues to inspire Saudi women in nursing and healthcare professions today.  Exercise (A) Florence Nightingale Developed the first code of conduct and ethics islamic period (B) First nursing school Two main components of nursing: health and illness. (C) Saidatuna Rufaida Al-Aslamy A nurse caring for wounded soldiers during night rounds (D) London, England In 1836, Established in Germany, and Nightingale trained at this school. (E) Lady with the Lamp Being a nurse wasn’t a respected job (F) Dark age of nursing Founder of modern nursing Where the Nightingale Training School for Nurses was established Defining nursing as both an art and a science Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia – The first nursing institute in Saudi Arabia was established in Riyadh City in 1959. The training program was a result of a collaboration between the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH) and the World Health Organization (WHO). – It was a one year training course – In 1961, another institute was established in Jeddah City. The two institutes in Riyadh and Jeddah opened the door to Saudi women to enroll into nursing. Cont. – These institutes educated women to become nurses’ aids, admitted students from school who had completed at least 6 years of primary school education. The ministry of health agreed to promote and develop nursing education to 2 years to students who had completed 9 years of school. – 1976: The first Bachelor of Science in Nursing program was established by the College of Nursing at King Saud University – 2023: There are 39 nursing programs across KSA. Definition of Nursing “Nursing is the protection, promotion , and optimization of health, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.” American Nurses Association (ANA) Aims of Nursing 1 Health promotion (before problems) 2 Prevent illness (Stop problems before starting) 3 Health restoration (Help recover from problems) 4 Facilities cope with disability or death (Live well despite challenges) 1. Health Promotion Health promotion: is helping people to maintain or improve the general health of individuals, families, and communities. Examples: Health community workshop: The nurse educates the patient on adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management,Breast Cancer Awareness. 2. Prevent illness Prevent illness is nursing preventative activities that help patients to prevent the development of illnesses. Examples: 1. Administering Vaccines 2. Screening for breast cancer 3. Health Restoration Health restoration: is helping people to improve health following health problems or illnesses. Examples: If the patient develops a diabetic foot ulcer, the nurse provides wound care, administers antibiotics, and collaborates with the healthcare team to facilitate recovery. 4. Facilities Cope with Disability or Death Nurses facilitate an optimal level of function through teaching, and through referral to community support systems. Examples: 1. Supporting Long-Term Care (LTC): If the patient experiences irreversible complications like amputation, the nurse helps the patient adapt by teaching them how to use prosthetics, providing emotional support, and connecting them with support groups. 2. End-of-Life Care: Example: A nurse provides emotional and physical support to a patient in a long-term care facility who is nearing the end of life, ensuring comfort through pain management and compassionate care. Example: For families, the nurse offers grief counseling resources and explains what to expect during hospice care.  Choose Right Nursing Aims for Each Example Examples Teaching elderly patients to use walkers or wheelchairs Guiding a stroke patient through mobility exercises to safely. regain strength. Helping with blood pressure or cholesterol checks at a Teaching a patient with a diabetic ulcer how to clean community health fair. and dress the wound effectively. Educating a mother on breastfeeding techniques and Educating individuals on the risks of smoking and self-care after childbirth. providing resources to quit. Creating posters or giving talks about healthy eating Assisting in organizing community flu vaccine drives. habits and physical activity in schools. Teaching relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing Assisting a patient recovering from a spinal cord injury and mindfulness, to community members. to find work adaptations. Nursing Agencies From where we get the ethical rules or information regarding nursing? Nursing agency: – Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) – Saudi Nursing Association (SNA) – American Nurses Association (ANA) – World Health Organization (WHO) Nursing Agencies 1. Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) The SCFHS regulates healthcare practices in Saudi Arabia, ensuring healthcare workers, including nurses, meet professional and ethical standards. 2. Saudi Nursing Association (SNA) Established in 2007, the SNA advocates for nurses in Saudi Arabia, focusing on professional development, ethics, and the image of the nursing profession. 3. Ministry of Health (MOH): The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia has a role in shaping healthcare policies and practices, including the ethical framework within which nurses work. 3. World Health Organization (WHO) WHO provides global health standards and ethical frameworks, guiding nurses worldwide to ensure care is provided with fairness and dignity. 4. American Nurses Association (ANA) the ANA is a U.S. organization that sets nursing standards, addresses ethical issues, and advocates for nurses’ welfare. It also publishes the Nursing Code of Ethics. Educational Preparation For Nursing Practice 1. Practical and Vocational Nursing Education Location: High schools, technical or vocational schools, and community colleges. Length: 1 year. Outcome: Graduates become Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), working under the supervision of a physician. They can take the National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX) to become licensed. 2. Registered Nursing Education –RN Degree: Bachelor’s Degree (4 years). Purpose: Prepares nurses for a wide range of roles and advanced studies. Courses cover nursing science, leadership, research, and general education in sciences, humanities, and social sciences. 3. Graduate Education in Nursing Master’s Degree (1.5 - 2 years): Prepares nurses for leadership roles, providing comprehensive care, health promotion, illness prevention, and health counseling. Doctoral Degree (PhD) (3-6 years): Focuses on research to advance nursing theory and practice. 4. Continuing Education Purpose: Keeps nurses updated with the latest knowledge and skills. CME/CNE: Continuing Medical Education and Continuing Nursing Education programs. Example: A nurse attends a workshop on the latest developments in diabetes management to stay updated with new treatment options. This helps the nurse improve patient care and stay current with advancements in healthcare. 5. In-service Education Purpose: Provides learning experiences in the workplace to help staff improve their skills. Example: A hospital organizes a training session for nurses on how to operate a new electronic health record (EHR) system. This in-service education ensures that nurses can efficiently use the system to document patient information and improve the quality of care Any Question? THANK YOU References – Taylor, Carol, Carol Lillis, and Priscilla LeMone. Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 1997.Print. – Berman, A., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. L. (2016). Kozier andErb‘s fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process andpractice. – Amsale, C., Ato, H., & Mekonen, T., S (2006). Lecturenotes: Introduction to professional nursing andethics.