Kylie Shine - Chapter 14 Study Guide PDF

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: _________________Per: ______ CHAPTER 14: Ways of the World Economic Transformations: Commerce and Consequence, 1450 to 1750 Study Guide (pp. 601-633) Europeans and Asian Commerce 1. What motivated European involvement in the world of...

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: _________________Per: ______ CHAPTER 14: Ways of the World Economic Transformations: Commerce and Consequence, 1450 to 1750 Study Guide (pp. 601-633) Europeans and Asian Commerce 1. What motivated European involvement in the world of Asian commerce? Europe was still recovering from the black plague. They knew they would receive a lot of money if they participated in the trade. 2. To what extent did the Portuguese realize their own goals in the Indian Ocean? They had ships that could outgun and outmaneuver competing naval forces. Their onboard cannons could devastate coastal fortifications. 3. The Portuguese gradually blended into the local populations of their strongholds in the Indian Ocean Basin. What was one main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese? The Spanish converted the Filipinos while the Portuguese blended with the local population. 4. To what extent did the British and Dutch trading companies change the societies they encountered in Asia? The British were brutal in their conquering of small piece producing islands, leaving the societies shattered and impoverished. The British weren't as destructive and impactful as the Dutch. 5. What was Japan’s response to the Europeans whom they saw as a threat? They expelled Christian missionaries and violently suppressed Christianity. They started trading with the Dutch. Silver and Global Commerce 6. Why was the silver trade so historically important? It commercialized China’s economy, and it was the first direct link from Americas to Asia and fueled trade between those areas for centuries. Spain and Japan were transformed because they produced most of the world's silver. 7. What impact did the discovery of the world's largest silver mine at Potosi have on the Native American miners? It made it where slaves were worked to death in horrendous conditions 8. How did the discovery of the vast silver mines in South America affect Spain's position in Europe? It allowed spain to finance wars, fund explorations, and support the arts during Spanish Golden Age. The “World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce 9. What may have increased the demand for furs in the early modern era? The Little Ice Age 10. How did the North American and Siberian fur trades differ from each other? What did they have in common? North America dealt with several competing European nations who obtained furs through commercial negotiations. Siberia had no competition. Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade 11. What was slavery like in the Islamic world? Slaves were considered people first and then property. Regarded as productivity labor. 12. What was distinctive about the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas? It transformed Spain and Japan because they produced the silver. 13. What caused the Atlantic slave trade to grow? Why was slavery a source of labor? The growth of sugar plantations and agriculture called for more slaves. The Great Dying contributed because so many people died they need more slaves to fill in for work. Africans were also immune to diseases so they were picked as good workers. 14. Why did Africa become the primary source of slave labor for plantation economies of the Americas? People enslaved in West Africa became the most valuable commodity for European traders. Slavery existed in Africa way before the Europeans arrived. 15. What role did the Europeans play in the unfolding of the Atlantic slave trade? The Europeans needed cheap labor, so the Africans started selling slaves to them. It helped balance the supply and demand. When the need for slaves started to increase, they started to attain their own slaves. The Europeans transported the slaves. 16. What role did the Africans play in the unfolding of the Atlantic slave trade? The Africans sold slaves to the Europeans because they needed cheap labor. They captured and sold their own people as slaves. 17. What regions in the Americas had the largest destination of slaves in the 18th century? The Caribbean and South America Explain the significance of each of the following: Ferdinand Magellan—a round the world voyage that was a Portuguese mariner sailing on behalf of the Spanish crown British / Dutch East India Companies—they were given the power to make war and to govern conquered peoples. Daimyo—Japan being plagued by the endemic conflict among numerous feudal lords Samurai—They were warriors Shogun—a supreme military commander who hailed from the Tokugawa clan Tokagawa Shogunate—they explicitly disavowed any responsibilities for or connection with Japanese merchants Manila—the destination of annual Spanish shipments of silver Potosi—The site of a huge silver mining operation African diaspora—the global spread of African peoples Middle Passage—was where slaves on a Spanish ship were in horrendous conditions of the transatlantic voyage