Kset Geography Past Paper 2023 PDF

## GEOGRAPHY ### Multiple Choice Questions **1. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?** | Major fishing ground | Region | |-----|-----| | North East Atlantic | Iceland to Mediterranean | | North West Atlantic | Mediterranean Coast | | North East Pacific | Alaska to Californi...

## GEOGRAPHY ### Multiple Choice Questions **1. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?** | Major fishing ground | Region | |-----|-----| | North East Atlantic | Iceland to Mediterranean | | North West Atlantic | Mediterranean Coast | | North East Pacific | Alaska to California | | North West Pacific | Bering Sea to East China | **2. Where are Pampas grasslands located ?** * (A) South America * (B) Africa * (C) North America * (D) Australia **3. Who among the following was first to formulate the method of crop combination ?** * (A) J.C. Weaver * (B) Rafiullah * (C) Doi * (D) Coppock **4. The theory of Least Cost Location was proposed by :** * (A) Lösch * (B) Isard * (C) A. Pred * (D) D.M. Smith **5. Which is the most important cost in the Least Cost Theory advocated by Weber ?** * (A) Labour cost * (B) Transport cost * (C) Market cost * (D) Land cost **6. Who advocated behaviour matrix in connection with a theory of behaviour and location ?** * (A) A. Pred * (B) D.M. Smith * (C) August Lösch * (D) E.M. Hoover **7. The Edward Ullman triad consists of:** * (A) Complementarity, Intervening opportunity and Transferability * (B) Complementarity and Intervening opportunity * (C) Complementarity * (D) Transferability **8. Consider the following statements:** * i. Gama index represent the ratio between observed number of edges to maximum number of edges. * ii. Beta index is the ratio between the number of vertices. **Which of the above statements is/are correct?** * (A) i only * (B) ii only * (C) Both i and ii * (D) Neither i nor ii **9. The theory of unbalanced growth was advocated by ______.** * (A) Hirschman, Rostow and Fleming * (B) Myrdal, Friedman * (C) Hoover and A. Pred * (D) None of these **10. Circular Causation theory was advocated by:** * (A) Albert O. Hirschman * (B) John Friedman * (C) Rostow * (D) Gunnar Myrdal **11. Which of the following is/are the spread effect of an industrial cluster?** * i. Diffusion of Technology * ii. Employment Opportunity * iii. Environmental Pollution * iv. Brain Drain **Codes:** * (A) i only * (B) i and ii only * (C) i, ii and iii * (D) ii and iv only **12. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :** | List-I (Developer) | List-II (Theory) | |-----|-----| | François Perroux | Unbalanced Growth | | Gunnar Myrdal | Stages of Economic Growth | | Rostow | Cumulative Causation | | Hirschman | Growth Pole | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | i | ii | iii | iv | | iv | iii | ii | i | | ii | iii | iv | i | | iii | ii | i | iv | **13. The condition of the society in which needs and wants of the population are met is called :** * (A) Social Stability * (B) Social Economics * (C) Social Well-being * (D) Social Change **14. Which of the following is best indicator of social well-being?** * (A) Population growth rate * (B) Crude birth rate * (C) Per capita income * (D) Life expectancy **15. The book "The New World : Problems in Political Geography" (1921) was written by ______.** * (A) Friedrich Ratzel * (B) Isaiah Bowman * (C) Halford Mackinder * (D) Haushofer **16. In Mackinder's Heartland theory, Heartland was the name given to which area?** * (A) Central Africa * (B) Central Asia * (C) Western Europe * (D) The USA **17. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :** | List-I (Author) | List-II (Books) | |-----|-----| | Richard Peet | Radical Geography | | Doreen Massey | Spatial Divisions of Labour | | John Urry | Social Relations and Spatial Structures | | David Harvey | Social Justice and the City | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | i | ii | iii | iv | | iv | iii | ii | i | | i | iv | iii | ii | | ii | i | iv | iii | **18. Cultural Geography is a sub-field within ______.** * (A) Physical Geography * (B) Population Geography * (C) Human Geography * (D) Medical Geography **19. The Father of Cultural Geography is ______.** * (A) Carl O. Sauer * (B) Mackinder * (C) Penck * (D) W.M. Davis **20. Who is the author of 'Habitat, Economy and Society'?** * (A) R.J. Johnston * (B) D. Ford * (C) W. Zelinsky * (D) H.H. Barrows **21. The concept of Lebensraum is referred to as ______.** * (A) Living space of specific people * (B) State sovereignty * (C) Territorial growth of State * (D) The idea of equal States in the World system **22. How many major human races were identified by Griffith Taylor ?** * (A) 3 * (B) 4 * (C) 5 * (D) 6 **23. The concept of Cultural Geography along with Cultural Landscape and Modification were promoted by whom?** * (A) E. Ratzel * (B) W. Zelinsky * (C) E.C. Semple * (D) Carl O. Sauer **24. Which one of the following school of thought explained that 'Culture is a dominant factor in Human Society'?** * (A) Neo-determinism * (B) Determinism * (C) Possibilism * (D) Probabilism **25. Homer's work was published in the form of ______.** * (A) Purana and Itihasa * (B) Iliad and Odyssey * (C) Latin and English * (D) Astronomy **26. Who among the following is known as the Father of Geography?** * (A) Thales * (B) Anaximander * (C) Hecataeus * (D) Alexander **27. Who are recognized as the founders of Mathematical Geography?** * (A) Thales and Anaximander * (B) Homer and Hecataeus * (C) Thales and Herodotus * (D) Eratosthenes and Hipparchus **28. Who discovered the precession of the equinoxes ?** * (A) Aristotle * (B) Thomson * (C) E.H. Bunbury * (D) Hipparchus **29. The geographical treatise, namely 'Geographica' was designed by ______.** * (A) Strabo * (B) Ptolemy * (C) Eratosthenes * (D) Al-Masudi **30. Who computed the distance of the Moon and Sun from the Earth?** * (A) Hipparchus * (B) Eratosthenes * (C) Posidonius * (D) Strabo **31. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes given below :** * **Assertion (A):** Al-Masudi was one of the well-known climatologists of his time. * **Reason (R):** He gave a good account of the periodic winds of the Bay of Bengal. **Codes:** * (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). * (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). * (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. * (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. **32. Among the following, who established a positive relationship between the forests and rainfall?** * (A) Humboldt * (B) Carl Ritter * (C) W.F. Hegel * (D) Darwin **33. Adjacent pairs of aerial photographs with same area common on both the photographs constitute a/an:** * (A) Stereo pair * (B) Stereoscope * (C) Optical pair * (D) Overlap pair **34. Which of the following types of aerial photographs include an image of the horizon?** * (A) Vertical * (B) High oblique * (C) Low oblique * (D) Both low and high oblique **35. Information in GIS is entered and stored as ______.** * (A) Panels * (B) Layers * (C) Single Panel * (D) Dual Panel **36. A river can be represented in GIS as a ______.** * (A) Point Data * (B) Line Data * (C) Polygon Data * (D) Relation Data **37. Which of the following are not random sampling techniques?** * i. Simple random * ii. Snowball * iii. Stratified * iv. Cluster * v. Convenience **Choose the correct answer:** * (A) i and v only * (B) ii and iv only * (C) ii and v only * (D) i, ii, iii and iv **38. The line joining places having same cloud cover is _______.** * (A) Isohaline * (B) Isohel * (C) Isobath * (D) Isoneph **39. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :** | List-I (Cartographic Method) | List-II (Map) | |-----|-----| | Chorochromatic | Isobars | | Choroschematic | Relief features | | Isopleth | Use of letters like 'A' for America, 'R' for Russia | | Choropleth | Density of settlements | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | ii | iii | iv | i | | ii | iii | i | iv | | iii | ii | iv | i | | iii | ii | i | iv | **40. Which of the following is a non-parametric test?** * (A) F-test * (B) Chi-square test * (C) U Test * (D) t-test **41. Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?** * (A) Mean deviation * (B) Correlation * (C) Standard deviation * (D) Quartile deviation **42. Type-I error occurs when :** * (A) a false null hypothesis is rejected * (B) a true null hypothesis is rejected * (C) a false null hypothesis is accepted * (D) a true null hypothesis is accepted **43. “Time-distance relationship between a central place and its associated places by the speed of travel" - The cartogram is called ______.** * (A) Value-by-area Cartogram * (B) Isochronic Cartogram * (C) Centrogram * (D) Traffic flow Cartogram **44. Which of the following satellite is known as Oceansat-1?** * (A) INSAT-2C * (B) IRS-1A * (C) IRS-P2 * (D) IRS-P4 **45. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :** | List-I (Name of the Peak) | List-II (Height) | |-----|-----| | Mount Everest | 8501 m | | Kanchenjunga | 8481 m | | Lhotse I | 8848 m | | Makalu | 8598 m | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | iv | iii | ii | i | | ii | i | iii | iv | | iii | iv | i | ii | | iii | i | ii | iv | **46. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :** | List-I (Name of the River) | List-II (Length in km) | |-----|-----| | Indus | 725 km | | Jhelum | 2880 km | | Chenab | 720 km | | Ravi | 1180 km | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | ii | i | iv | iii | | i | ii | iii | iv | | iv | ii | iii | i | | i | iv | iii | ii | **47. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:** * i. Monsoon winds * ii. Physiography * iii. El Niño effect **Factors influencing the climate of India :** **Codes:** * (A) i only * (B) Both i and ii * (C) i, ii and iii * (D) iii only **48. Black soils are also called ______.** * (A) Kankar * (B) Regur * (C) Bhangar * (D) Khadar **49. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :** | List-I (Tribe) | List-II (State) | |-----|-----| | Apatani | Odisha | | Khond | Arunachal Pradesh | | Dafar | Uttarakhand | | Tharu | Gujarat | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | iv | iii | ii | i | | ii | i | iii | iv | | ii | i | iv | iii | | iv | ii | iii | i | **50. A number of glacial lakes in different parts of Himalayas were formed during the Ice age.** * (A) Dharwar * (B) Gondwana * (C) Pleistocene * (D) Huronian **51. Mahanadi Delta is located in the ______ plains which comprise of coastal areas of India.** * (A) Utkal * (B) Andhra * (C) Eastern Coastal * (D) Westem Coastal **52. "India is basically a tropical country although its northern part is situated in the temperate belt." This statement was quoted by:** * (A) M.T. Yin * (B) Blanford * (C) Marsden * (D) L.D. Stamp **53. Which one of the following does not come under minor forest products?** * (A) Drugs, Spices and Poisons * (B) Bamboos and Canes * (C) Wheat and Ragi * (D) Gums and Resins **54. Which one of the following Indian city does not come under industrial functions?** * (A) Kanpur * (B) Panaji * (C) Jamshedpur * (D) Bhadravati **55. The term 'Lahar' means:** * (A) Typical mudflow in volcanic region * (B) Soil formation in humid tropics * (C) Lateral planation of valleys * (D) Type of stream bed in rivers **56. "Steepest part of the slope progressively decreases in angle, accompanied by development of convexity and concavity." This theory of slope was stated by:** * (A) W. Penck * (B) James Hutton * (C) L.C. King * (D) W.M. Davis **57. Consider the following river valleys, and spot the odd one out.** * (A) Obsequent Valley * (B) Resequent Valley * (C) Subsequent Valley * (D) Antecedent Valley **58. 'Haloclasty' refers to :** * (A) Frost action in rocks * (B) Salt crystal growth in rock joints * (C) Thermal expansion of rocks * (D) Geological stress on rocks **59. 'Old faithful' is an example of :** * (A) Volcanic Bomb * (B) Hot Spring * (C) Fumarole * (D) Geyser **60. Consider the following statements on 'epicenter' of an earthquake and select the correct answer from the options given below:** * i. They are source regions of earthquakes. * ii. They are deep rooted. * iii. It is called "ring of fire". * iv. Maximum damage occurs here. **Codes:** * (A) All are correct * (B) All are incorrect * (C) Only iii and iv are incorrect * (D) Only iv is correct **61. Upper and lower crusts are separated by ______.** * (A) Moho Discontinuity * (B) Conrad Discontinuity * (C) Gutenberg Discontinuity * (D) Wiechert Discontinuity **62. Phase of Sedimentation in geosynclinal orogeny is called ______.** * (A) Lithogenesis * (B) Orogenesis * (C) Pedogenesis * (D) Gliptogenesis **63. The lowest layer of ionosphere which reflects low frequency radio waves and absorbs medium and high frequency waves is :** * (A) G-layer * (B) Kennelly Heaviside layer * (C) D-layer * (D) Appleton layer **64. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option from the codes given below:** | List-I | List-II | |-----|-----| | Troposphere | F-layer | | Ionosphere | Convection and turbulence | | Stratosphere | Meteoric dust | | Mesosphere | Ozone layer | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | iii | iv | ii | i | | ii | i | iv | iii | | iv | i | ii | iii | | iv | iii | ii | i | **65. Summer Solstice occurs on:** * (A) 21st March * (B) 21st September * (C) 22nd December * (D) 21st June **66. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes given below:** * **Assertion (A):** Coromandel Coast of India receives rainfall during Northeast Monsoon season. * **Reason (R):** Coromandel Coast of India comes under the influence of Western disturbance during winter season. **Codes:** * (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). * (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). * (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. * (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. **67. On a clear day, the sky appearing blue is the manifestation of ______.** * (A) Raman scattering * (B) Mie scattering * (C) Rayleigh scattering * (D) Non-selective scattering **68. The process of heat transferring from one part of a stationary body to another object is called:** * (A) Conduction * (B) Convection * (C) Advection * (D) Radiation **69. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option from the codes given below :** | List-I (Local winds) | List-II (Area) | |-----|-----| | Fohn | Alps | | Chinook | Australia | | Harmattan | Rockies | | Brickfielder | West Africa | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | i | iii | iv | ii | | iii | ii | iv | i | | ii | iii | iv | i | | ii | i | iii | iv | **70. The actual amount of water vapour present in a unit volume of air is called ______.** * (A) Specific humidity * (B) Relative humidity * (C) Absolute humidity * (D) Vapour pressure **71. The main cause of the high pressure belts in the subtropical regions is :** * (A) High temperature * (B) Low temperature * (C) Air divergence * (D) Air subsidence **72. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:** * i. In tropical cyclone, air is essentially homogeneous. * ii. There is an abundance of water vapour in tropical cyclones. * iii. Tropical cyclones have fronts. * iv. The cyclonic motion in tropical cyclones begins with slow motion. **Codes:** * (A) i, ii and iv are correct. * (B) i, ii and iii are correct. * (C) ii, iii and iv are correct. * (D) i, ii, iii and iv are correct. **73. The oceanic ridges came into existence due to :** * (A) Orogenic movements * (B) Convergence of plates * (C) Divergence of plates * (D) Shearing of plates **74. Coral reefs that develop along the continental margins or along the islands are called :** * (A) Atoll * (B) Barrier Reef * (C) Fringing Reef * (D) Polyps **75. Examine the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes giver below:** * i. A gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coast towards open sea is called continental shelf. * ii. Continental shelves are mostly covered by sediments of terrestrial origin. * iii. About 7-5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. * iv. The area of continental shelf remains constant over the geological periods. **Codes:** * (A) i and iv are correct. * (B) iii and iv are correct. * (C) i, ii and iv are correct. * (D) i, ii and iii are correct. **76. The average salinity of sea water is ______.** * (A) 30 parts per thousand * (B) 45 parts per thousand * (C) 35 parts per thousand * (D) 50 parts per thousand **77. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option from the codes given below :** | List-I (Ocean Trench) | List-II (Ocean) | |-----|-----| | Tonga | South-West Pacific | | Mariana | South-East Pacific | | South Sandwich | Atlantic | | Sunda | Indian | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | ii | i | iii | iv | | iv | iii | ii | i | | ii | iii | iv | i | | i | ii | iv | iii | **78. Which one of the following has the highest salinity of water?** * (A) Great Salt Lake * (B) Sambhar Lake * (C) Van Lake * (D) Dead Sea **79. Examine the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes giver below:** * i. El Niño is a warm subsurface current in the Pacific Ocean. * ii. The Equatorial Counter Current is a warm current. * iii. The Mozambique Current is a South Equatorial Current located in the Atlantic Ocean. * iv. The Gulf Stream is a warm current located in the Pacific Ocean. **Codes:** * (A) i, iii and iv are correct. * (B) i and ii are correct. * (C) i and iii are correct. * (D) i, ii and iv are correct. **80. Dolphin Ridge is located in:** * (A) South Atlantic Ocean * (B) North Atlantic Ocean * (C) North Pacific Ocean * (D) South Pacific Ocean **81. The term 'biota' refers to:** * (A) Plant-eating animals * (B) Animals without backbones * (C) The fundamental unit in any food chain * (D) The total complex of plants and animal life **82. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:** * i. Autotroph refers to the fundamental unit in any food chain. * ii. Biomass refers to average weight of all living organisms in an ecosystem or per unit area. * iii. Endemic species refers to organisms found only in a particular area. * iv. Plant succession refers to one type of vegetation that is replaced naturally by another. **Codes:** * (A) i, ii and iii are correct. * (B) i, iii and iv are correct. * (C) i, ii, iii and iv are correct. * (D) ii, iii and iv are correct. **83. Aerosols are:** * (A) Small solid particles suspended in air * (B) Small liquid particles suspended in air * (C) Smoke particles floating in lower atmosphere * (D) Small liquid or solid particles that remain suspended in the air **84. "Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed." Who said the statement?** * (A) E.E. Odum * (B) Mahatma Gandhi * (C) Sunderlal Bahuguna * (D) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam **85. National Forest Policy, 1988 strongly suggested the idea of ______ in the protection and development of forests in India.** * (A) Endangered species conservation * (B) Digitizing all the known plant and animal species * (C) Empowering and involving local communities * (D) Identifying and filling the biodiversity gaps **86. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option from the codes given below :** | List-I (Global Goal) | List-II (Goal Number) | |-----|-----| | Reduced Inequalities | Three | | Life on Land | Six | | Clean water and Sanitation | Fifteen | | Good health and Well-being | Ten | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | i | iv | iii | ii | | iv | iii | ii | i | | iii | ii | i | iv | | ii | i | iv | iii | **87. Petrochemical smog formation in urban areas is mainly due to the presence of ______ in the atmosphere.** * (A) Particulates and Fog * (B) Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide and Organic compounds * (C) Rainfall and Fog * (D) Low humidity and Higher temperature **88. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes given below:** * **Assertion (A):** Deciduous trees shed their leaves during a specific season of a year. * **Reason (R):** Deciduous trees shed their leaves due to prevailing cold or dry conditions. **Codes:** * (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). * (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). * (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. * (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. **89. The main gas responsible for Bhopal gas tragedy was ______.** * (A) Carbon monoxide * (B) Sulphur dioxide * (C) Sodium hydroxide * (D) Methyl isocyanide **90. The Brundtland Commission was formerly known as ______.** * (A) Commission on Global Development * (B) Environmental Commission of the World * (C) Global Commission on Regional Development * (D) World Commission on Environment and Development **91. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option from the codes given below:** | List-I | List-II | |-----|-----| | Cities in Evolution | Louis Mumford | | Megalopolis | Patrick Geddes | | Urban Implosion | Paul Ehrlich | | Population Bomb | Gottman | **Codes:** | a | b | c | d | |-----|-----|------|-----| | i | ii | iii | iv | | ii | iv | i | iii | | iv | ii | i | iii | | ii | iii | iv | i | **92. The state of illness and disability in a population is generally known as:** * (A) Mortality * (B) Natality * (C) Morbidity * (D) Mobility **93. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes given below:** * **Assertion (A):** Population concentration is largely found in regions like river basins and coastal plains. * **Reason (R):** Concentration of population is mainly due to the availability of basic resources like soil, minerals and water. **Codes:** * (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). * (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). * (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. * (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. **94. Who is the Chairman of National Commission on Population?** * (A) Prime Minister * (B) Chief Minister * (C) President * (D) Vice President **95. Which of the following is Malthus's first published essay in 1798?** * (A) Various Prospects of Mankind, Nature and Providence * (B) The Principles of Diminishing Returns * (C) Theory of Optimum Population * (D) An Essay on the Principle of Population **96. Which one of the following is responsible for concentration of slum population in India?** * (A) Manufacturing and service activities in non-formal sector are dominant. * (B) Service activities in organized sector are dominant. * (C) Manufacturing activities in organized sector are dominant. * (D) Commercial plantation activities are dominant. **97. "There is no necessary relationship between mobility and distance in migration." Which theory is more suitable for this statement?** * (A) Ravenstein's Laws of Migration * (B) Stouffer's Theory of Mobility * (C) Wood's Gravity Model * (D) Lee's Theory of Migration **98. Select the correct person who introduced the term 'City Region'.** * (A) Lewis Mumford * (B) Edward Ullman * (C) R.K. Dickson * (D) Homer Hoyt **99. Arrange the following in terms of their size:** * i. City * ii. Megalopolis * iii. Metropolis * iv. Conurbation **Options:** * (A) ii, i, iii, iv * (B) i, ii, iv, iii * (C) iv, iii, ii, i * (D) i, iii, iv, ii **100. Societies which have never encountered any written language are referred to as:** * (A) Preliterate * (B) Illiterate * (C) Unliterate * (D) Non-literate