Diabetes Type 2 PDF

Abnormal Blood Glucose: Diabetes type 2 Diabetes is a major health problem in Canada, According to Statistics Canada, 7 3. % of Canadians aged 12 years or older have been diagnosed with diabetes. Elevated glucose cau...

Abnormal Blood Glucose: Diabetes type 2 Diabetes is a major health problem in Canada, According to Statistics Canada, 7 3. % of Canadians aged 12 years or older have been diagnosed with diabetes. Elevated glucose causes damage to blood vessels, leading to increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Long-term complications: damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and nervous system. Infections are more common in patients with diabetes, and amputations may be necessary. Leading cause of blindness in adults, causes renal failure, and is the major reason for nontraumatic lower limb amputations. Copyright ©2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ‹#› Type 2 diabetes is a costly global epidemic IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th Edition Type 2 diabetes is a costly global epidemic Loading… IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th Edition Canadian Diabetes Association, 2011 Type 2 Diabetes in Canada < 5.0 5.0 < 5.5 5.5 < 6.0 6.0 < 6.5 ≥ 6.5 YT 5.4% NT NU 5.5% 4.4% BC NL AB 5.4% 6.5% 4.9% MB SK QC PE 5.4% 5.9% 5.6% ON 6.0% 5.1% NS NB 5.9 6.1% % Public Health Agency of Canada. Diabetes in Canada: Facts and figures from a public health perspective. Ottawa, 2011. Complications of Diabetes Strok Diabetic 2-eto 4-fold increase in cardiovascular Retinopathy mortality and stroke Leading cause of blindness Loading… in adults Cardiovascular Disease 8/10 individuals with diabetes die from CV events Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic Leading cause of Neuropathy end-stage renal Leading cause of disease non-traumatic lower extremity amputations  Three Main Types of Diabetes Gestational: occurs in women (< 10%) during pregnancy (i.e. from weight gain, reduced activity) when they can’t make enough insulin and/or utilize insulin (insulin resistance). These women (50%) are at a greater risk for developing diabetes later in life. disease Type I Diabetes (Insulin dependent): autoimmune in which the body’s own immune system mistakenly destroys insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas. very little to no insulin is made. D life Risk factors: Age, genetics, environmental factors chosies Type 2 Diabetes (Non-insulin dependent): cells have decreased and there is a decrease in insulin production. Risk factors: Physical inactivity, diet, age, chronic diseases Copyright ©2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ‹#› Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes ( 90 % of cases). Usually found in adults but now being seen in younger individuals. Copyright ©2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ‹#› Muscles are the largest “sink” for disposing glucose The more muc,and vacum takes all plucose  Loading… The ability of insulin to promote plucose up takeinte is impaired in type 2 diabetes Exercise can bypass the defects in insulin signaling to cause our muscles to take up glucose from the blood Blood-Glucose Levels in Diabetes Figure 4.23 Copyright ©2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ‹#›