KIN 101 Exam 3 Review PDF

KIN 101 Exam 3 Review Please be sure to look over and review lecture content in preparation for exam 3! Sport Psychology 1) What is the difference between sport, exercise, and health psychology? Sport psychology focuses on psychological factors affecting performance in sports and how pa...

KIN 101 Exam 3 Review Please be sure to look over and review lecture content in preparation for exam 3! Sport Psychology 1) What is the difference between sport, exercise, and health psychology? Sport psychology focuses on psychological factors affecting performance in sports and how participation impacts psychological well-being. Exercise psychology examines psychological aspects of physical activity, such as motivation and the effects of exercise on mental health. Health psychology explores how biological, psychological, and social factors influence health behaviors and outcomes. 2) What are examples of topics sport psychologist would be interested in? Motivation, performance anxiety, self-confidence, team dynamics, and mental toughness. 3) Explain the history/evolution of sport psychology The field began in the early 20th century, initially focused on physical performance. Over time, it evolved to include mental training, emotional regulation, and well-being, incorporating applied psychology in both professional and amateur sports. 4) In general – do we have the ability to control our emotions and self-talk? Yes, with techniques like self-talk and emotional regulation. 5) Describe the physiological stress/anxiety response: Fight or flight Body’s reaction to threats, releasing stress hormones. a. What is cognitive anxiety? Somatic? Cognitive anxiety: Worry. Somatic anxiety: Physical symptoms (e.g., sweating). 6) List several different relaxation techniques Deep breathing, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation. 7) What does the inverted “U” hypothesis explain? Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance. Shifted left: Lower arousal optimal. Shifted right: Higher arousal optimal. a. What does it mean if the “U” is adjusted to the left? Right? Motivational Theories 1) Are motivation and action the same? Why? No, motivation drives action but they are distinct. 2) What is self-determination theory? Motivation is based on autonomy. a. What does it mean to be intrinsically motivated? Intrinsic: Internal satisfaction b. What does it mean to be extrinsically motivated? Extrinsic: External rewards. 3) Which type of motivation is the “best”? Why? Intrinsic is more sustainable. 4) What is attribution theory? a. What is a motivational attribution profile for SUCCESS? b. What is a motivational attribution profile for FAILURE? Explains success/failure. Success: Internal, stable causes. Failure: Controllable causes.  5) What is self efficacy? Belief in one’s ability to succeed. 6) How does self efficacy impact motivation? High self-efficacy boosts motivation. 7) How can we increase self efficacy? (Consider the determinants of SE) Mastery, verbal persuasion, role models. 8) What are the two perspectives in achievement goal theory? Task-oriented: Self-improvement. Ego-oriented: Outperforming others. 9) What are you motivated by if you are task oriented? What about ego oriented? a. Which one seems to be more closely related to intrinsic motivation? Extrinsic? Task-oriented: Intrinsic. Ego-oriented: Extrinsic. 10) How do you promote a mastery (task oriented) climate? Focus on effort and learning. 11) How do you promote a performance (ego oriented) climate? Focus on winning. a. What is the “best” type of motivation? Intrinsic Exercise Psychology 1) What are topics an exercise psychologist would be interested in? Motivation for exercise, mental benefits of physical activity. 2) What is the history/evolution of exercise psychology? Grew with research on exercise’s mental health benefits. 3) Why is it important to study correlates of physical activity? Helps design interventions to increase PA. 4) What are some correlates of PA (from lecture)? Motivation, self-efficacy, social support. 5) Can exercise improve a person’s self-esteem? a. What is global self-esteem? b. What is physical self-esteem? Yes, it improves self-esteem. Global: Overall worth. Physical: Body perception. 6) Understand the hierarchy of self-esteem a. Does exercise have a bigger impact on global SE or physical SE? Greater effect on physical self-esteem. 7) Can exercise improve a person’s mood? Yes, improves mood through endorphins. 8) What are the 6 measures of POMS, and what does it mean to have an iceberg profile? a. What happens when an athlete is overtrained? POMS: Tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion. Iceberg: Low negative mood, high vigor. 9) What are the psychological and physiological mechanisms used to explain the relationship between exercise and mental health/mood? Psychological: Self-esteem, social interaction. Physiological: Endorphins, serotonin. 10) Can exercise help with clinical and non-clinical depression?  Moderate to large effect, comparable to therapy and medication a. What type of effect? (Small, moderate, large?) b. How does exercise compare to psychotherapy & medication? c. What type of exercise best? d. Be aware of the mechanisms used to explain this relationship 11) Does exercise help with stress? Reduces stress, enhances coping. 12) Can exercise help with anxiety? a. Understand the difference between state and trait anxiety b. What type of exercise is best? Reduces both state and trait anxiety, aerobic exercise best. 13) Does exercise help sleep? How? Improves sleep quality and duration. Health Psychology 1) What are topics a health psychologist may be interested in? Stress, pain management, chronic illness. 2) How might the aging population impact the opportunities for careers in the movement sciences? Aging increases demand for experts in rehabilitation and chronic illness prevention. 3) What is the history/evolution of health psychology? Evolved to focus on prevention, behavior change. 4) What are the theories within the health psychology field that we discussed in lecture? Transtheoretical Model, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior. 5) Describe the transtheoretical model and the stages of change Stages of change: Precontemplation to Maintenance. 6) What is the health belief model (within the context of behavior change)? a. Theory would say that we need to raise perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and lower perceived barriers. Can you think of an applied example for this? Raising perceived risk and benefits while lowering barriers promotes behavior change. 7) What is the difference between problem and emotion focused coping? Problem: Address the cause. Emotion: Manage emotions. 8) Can exercise help with pain? Yes, helps reduce pain through improved function. 9) Provide some “other topics of interest” in health psychology Smoking cessation, addiction recovery, healthy diet. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Remember – this exam is cumulative! Please look over your exam reviews for Exam 1 and Exam 2 to review content from EBP and Exercise Physiology! Unit 1 – 6 questions Differentiate between low quality vs high quality and primary vs secondary sources Low-quality sources: Opinion-based, biased, lacks peer review (e.g., blogs). High-quality sources: Peer-reviewed journals, reliable, evidence-based (e.g., scientific studies). Primary sources: Original research or firsthand accounts (e.g., research articles, experiments). Secondary sources: Summaries or interpretations of primary sources (e.g., reviews, textbooks). Identify the correct characteristic(s) of the scientific method in a given example  Formulating a hypothesis, testing through experimentation, collecting data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. What are the two principles of evidence-based practice? Use of the best current evidence to make decisions. Integration of clinical expertise and patient values/preferences. Unit 2 – 9 questions What are the system’s primary roles? Systems in exercise physiology include cardiovascular, muscular, and respiratory systems, which function to supply oxygen, remove waste, and support movement. Identify the energy pathway predominantly being used during a given activity Phosphagen system: Short, high-intensity efforts (e.g., sprinting). Glycolytic system: Moderate-intensity efforts (e.g., 400m race). Oxidative system: Long-duration, low-intensity activities (e.g., jogging). Differentiate between type I and type II fibers Type I fibers: Slow-twitch, endurance, oxidative, fatigue-resistant. Type II fibers: Fast-twitch, power, anaerobic, fatigue quickly. Measures of aerobic and anaerobic fitness Aerobic fitness: VO2 max (maximum oxygen uptake). Anaerobic fitness: Wingate test, lactate threshold.