Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks at two points and the segment is reinserted in the reversed orientation?
What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks at two points and the segment is reinserted in the reversed orientation?
- Deletion
- Translocation
- Inversion (correct)
- Duplication
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a translocation mutation?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a translocation mutation?
- A segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome
- Involves the exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes
- Can be a cause of certain types of cancer
- Results in the loss of genetic material (correct)
A karyotype shows a total of 47 chromosomes with an extra chromosome number 21. This indicates which genetic disorder?
A karyotype shows a total of 47 chromosomes with an extra chromosome number 21. This indicates which genetic disorder?
- Down Syndrome (correct)
- Turner Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Cri-du-chat Syndrome
What is the main event that occurs during Meiosis I, that differs from Mitosis?
What is the main event that occurs during Meiosis I, that differs from Mitosis?
A person with Turner Syndrome is characterized by which of the following karyotypes?
A person with Turner Syndrome is characterized by which of the following karyotypes?
Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosomy and a trisomy?
Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosomy and a trisomy?
What is the significance of crossing over?
What is the significance of crossing over?
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a human?
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a human?
What is the primary consequence of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis?
What is the primary consequence of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis?
Which of the following terms describes the failure of chromosomes to separate during Anaphase I or II?
Which of the following terms describes the failure of chromosomes to separate during Anaphase I or II?
What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of mitosis?
Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of mitosis?
Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere in cell division?
Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere in cell division?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Meiosis II?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Meiosis II?
A cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each of the resulting daughter cells have?
A cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each of the resulting daughter cells have?
What is the role of telomeres?
What is the role of telomeres?
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
What is the correct order of the stages of Meiosis I?
What is the correct order of the stages of Meiosis I?
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
Which type of mutation is characterized by a loss of a segment of DNA from a chromosome?
Which type of mutation is characterized by a loss of a segment of DNA from a chromosome?
Unequal crossing over during meiosis can lead to which type of mutation?
Unequal crossing over during meiosis can lead to which type of mutation?
Flashcards
Deletion
Deletion
Occurs when a chromosome breaks and loses a segment.
Inversion
Inversion
When a chromosome segment is reversed after breaking at two points.
Translocation
Translocation
A part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another non-homologous chromosome.
Monosomy
Monosomy
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Trisomy
Trisomy
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Interphase
Interphase
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Prophase I
Prophase I
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Metaphase I
Metaphase I
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Anaphase I
Anaphase I
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Telophase I/Cytokinesis I
Telophase I/Cytokinesis I
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Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction
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Gene
Gene
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Karyotype
Karyotype
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Crossing Over
Crossing Over
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Mitosis vs Meiosis
Mitosis vs Meiosis
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Diploid Cells
Diploid Cells
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Haploid Cells
Haploid Cells
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Gametes
Gametes
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Duplication Mutation
Duplication Mutation
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Chromosome Crossover Mutations
Chromosome Crossover Mutations
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Study Notes
Meiosis and Chromosomes
- Meiosis produces four unique haploid daughter cells
- DNA replicates during the synthesis (S-phase)
- Chromatin is visible
- Chromosomes supercoil to become visible
- Tetrads align in pairs during Metaphase I
- Tetrads split into chromosomes (homologous pairs separate) during Anaphase I
- Two haploid daughter cells are produced during Telophase/Cytokinesis I
- Two haploid nuclei are formed, and four haploid daughter cells are produced in Meiosis II
- Synapsis occurs and tetrads form during Prophase I
- Crossing over occurs during Prophase I, exchanging genetic information via recombination between non-sister chromatids in homologous pairs
- Chromosomes line up in two different cells during Metaphase II
- Chromosomes split into chromatids in two different cells during Anaphase II
- Two haploid daughter cells are produced during Telophase/Cytokinesis II
- Synapsis is the joining of homologous chromosomes
- Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate during Anaphase I or II
- A gene is a section of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
- A telomere is the protective cap on a chromosome
- Autosomes are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes (not involved in sex determination)
- A haploid cell has one set of chromosomes
- A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes
- A karyotype is a picture or map of an organism's chromosomes
Importance of Crossing Over
- Crossing over leads to unique genetic makeup in gametes
- Crossing over creates new combinations of alleles in gametes
- This genetic variation is important for species adaptation and evolution
Mitosis vs Meiosis
- Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four unique haploid daughter cells
- Mitosis has one round of cell division, while meiosis has two
- Replication of DNA in mitosis occurs once per cell cycle; in meiosis occurs once for the cycle
- Mitosis produces somatic cells (body cells) and Meiosis produces sex cells (gametes)
Diploid vs Haploid
- Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes
- Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes
Karyotypes
- A karyotype is a visual representation of an organism's chromosomes
- Karyotypes can be used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.
Types of Mutations
- Duplication- A chromosome segment is copied and added
- Deletion- A chromosome segment is lost
- Inversion- A chromosome segment is reversed
- Translocation- A chromosome segment is moved to another chromosome
- Monosomy: Absence of one chromosome
- Trisomy: Presence of an extra chromosome
Sex Determination
- Male karyotype has XY chromosomes
- Female karyotype has XX chromosomes
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