Work Safety Instructions for Chemical Laboratory PDF

2. WORK SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERSONS WORKING IN CHEMICAL LABORATORY 2.1. GENERAL PART 2.1.1 Only persons that are introduced to safety rules and first aid methods are allowed work in chemical laboratory. Students' knowledge is te...

2. WORK SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERSONS WORKING IN CHEMICAL LABORATORY 2.1. GENERAL PART 2.1.1 Only persons that are introduced to safety rules and first aid methods are allowed work in chemical laboratory. Students' knowledge is tested. Person, introduced to safety rules must sign in safety rules instruction journal. 2.1.2 Student must obey established order in the work place, take care of his or her health and of colleagues' health, perform requirements of this instruction. Students can't use devices, which have defects and must report lecturer about them. 2.1.3 Il l and intoxicated persons are not allowed to work. 2.1.4 All works in chemical laboratory must be performed only if gas and electricity supply systems work correct, and fume hood is functional. 2.1.5 Fire prevention requirements: 2.1.5.1 Avoid actions, which can lead to conditions, favourable to fire. 2.1.5.2 Students must be introduced to main fire elimination measures, coordinate their actions during fire danger. 2.1.5.3 Smoke only in area, specially set on this purpose. 2.1.6 Requirement for electricity safety: 2.1.6.1 Electrical devices can be exploited only according to their instructions, given by manufacturer. 2.1.6.2 Don't use defect sockets, plugs, switches and other defect equipment. 2.1.6.3 Electrical devices must be grounded, if it is required by use rules. 2.1.6.4 Switch off electrical device if current flow outside circuit is noticed. 2.1.6.5 Don't connect to one socket several high power devices, if their requirement of current may exceed permeability of installation cables. 2.1.6.6 Electricity distribution boards must be locked. 2.1.6.7 It is forbidden to fix devices connected to the electrical circuit. 2.1.6.8 Remember, voltage up to 36 volts is not dangerous to human. 2.1.7 Work carefully with laboratory equipment, glassware and devices and start work with them only after learned how to use them. If equipment is broken, report to laboratory worker immediately. 2.1.8 Connection of the devices must be checked by laboratory assistant before use. 2.1.9 If gas, water supply, canalization, electricity system defect is noticed, report to laboratory worker. 2.1.10 If gas flow is noticed, close gas valve and don't switch on any devices, which can induce flame or sparks. 2.1.11 When leaving laboratory, check if all electrical and gas devices are switched off and if no water or gas flow is present. Last leaving laboratory person is directly responsible for this requirement. 2.1.12 Each laboratory must contain: first aid medicaments, sand box for fire extinguish, woolen blanket, resin gloves and shoes, resin carpet for isolation, safety glasses. 2.1.13 If accident took place, help injured person with first aid and call emergency medical service if is needed, use telephone number 112. 2.1.14 Report accident to leader and don't change anything in accident location, unless it causes danger to people. Necessary changes must be noted in act. 2.1.15 Personal care: 2.1.15.1 Work only with clean laboratory robes. 2.1.15.2 Wash hands before and after work with warm water and soap, use disinfection and neutralization measures. 2.1.15.3 Don't keep food at the work place, eat only in special place. 7  2.2 HANDLING OF REAGENTS AND DEVICES 2.2.1 Flammable Solutions must be hold in thick glass dishes with polished corks. Dishes are hold in metal boxes, covered with asbestos. 2.2.2 It is forbidden to keep in the laboratory more than 3 liter of flammable solutions. 2.2.3 Only one balloon of gas allowed to be kept in laboratory. 2.2.4 When finishing gas using, remaining pressure in the balloon must be at least 0,5kg/cm3. 2.2.5 Bromine, phosphorus, alkaline metals, concentrated acid supply must be kept in place, safe in case of fire. 2.2.6 On package with chemical reagent must contain label with name of substance and its purity. 2.3. WORK WITH DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES 2.3.1 All experiments with strong smelling, explosive, dangerous to health or volatile substances are performed in fume hood, with protecting glass lowered. 2.3.2 When working with strong smelling, dusty, dangerous to health substances not in the fume hood, respiratory mask and safety glasses must be used. 2.3.3 For new experiment (or laboratory work) or device safety is responsible person, who prepared it. 2.3.4 Flammable substances and heating devices must be handled extremely carefully. Don't heat ether (C2H5-O-C2H5), ethanol (C2H5-OH), petrol (Cs-C 9) using opened flame or opened electrical heater. Heat them carefully, on closed electrical cooker or in water bath. 2.3.5 In the flaming volatile, not solving in water substances, flaming active metals fire must be extinguished with sand. They can't be extinguished with water. 2.3.6 Flaming robes and other surfaces extinguish the fire by wrapping in woolen blanket. 2.4. PERFORMING OF CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS 2.4.1 Use for chemical experiment exact amount of substance, as indicated in laboratory work instruction. 2.4.2. If amount of reagents are not indicated, don't weight or measure volume of them, but amount of reagents can't exceed half of tube or reaction dish volume. 2.4.3. If concentrations of acid or alkaline solution are not indicated, use only diluted reagents. 2.4.4. After use close dishes with reagents with the same corks and put them to their place. 2.4.5. Avoiding reagents' contamination, use clean pipette or paddle. 2.4.6. Not used reagents can't be poured back to the dishes. 2.4.7. When diluting sulfur acid, acid must be poured to water, not on the contrary. 2.4.8. Solutions must be mixed by shaking the tube, not by closing it by finger and inverting. 2.4.9. After use concentrated acids, concentrated alkaline solutions. strong smelling or aggressive reagents are poured not to canalization, but to special dishes. Before throwing them away they must be neutralized (acids - with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 or calcium carbonate CaCO3, alkaline solutions - with acids). 2.4.10. In cases, when small amounts of acids, alkaline solutions, strong smelling or aggressive reagents are poured to sink, big amount of water must be poured at the same time. 2.4.11. Remains of silver (Ag) and other expensive reagents are poured to special dishes. 2.4.12. When heating solutions, direct opened end of tube to side opposite to people. 2.4.13. When using pipette avoid accidentally to pump out solution to mouth 2.4.14. Don't pump out concentrated acids, alkaline solutions by mouth. Use gum pump. 2.4.15. Forbidden to investigate qualities of reagents by tasting. Ali reagents are poisons! 2.4.16. Volatile substances smell carefully directing air toward yourself by wave of hand. 8  2.4.17. It is forbidden to use laboratory dishes for eating, drinking and keeping food products. 2.4.18. It is forbidden to use dirty dishes to chemical experiments. After work, dishes must be washed immediately. 2.4.19. Alkaline solutions can't be kept in dishes with polished corks. 2.4.20. Gum hose can be pulled on only on glass pipe moistened with water or smeared with vaseline, glycerol C3H5(OH)3. Keep glass pipe in hand wrapped in towel. 2.4.21. Gum is cut only with sharp knife moistened with water or smeared with glycerol. When drilling gum cork, smear the drill with vaseline or glycerol. 2.4.22. When corking up dish, keep dish in hand close to opening. 2.4.23. Pouring liquid from bottle keep label on the topside to avoid smearing. 2.4.24. Work place must be kept clean. Poured out reagents and other contaminants must be cleaned immediately. 2.4.25. Keep notes in drawer to avoid contamination with chemical reagents. 2.4.26. In chemical laboratory special laboratory coats should be worn. Put on the laboratory coat before entering the laboratory and put it off after leaving. 2.5 Actions in emergency cases 2.5.1 In all cases of intoxication, injury and fire inform department workers and call emergency services: 112. 2.5.2 If cut with glass remove glass fragments from wound, treat wound with iodine and bandage. 2.5.3 If spilled acid over oneself, wash injured place with big amount of water, neutralize with baking soda (NaHCO3) 1-3 % solution. 2.5.4 If spilled concentrated sulfur acid (H2SO4) over oneself, clean injured place with paper or cloth, then wash and neutralize. 2.5.5 If spilled alkaline solution over oneself wash injured place with big amount of water, neutralize with acetic acid (CH3COOH) solution or saturated boric acid (H3BO3) solution. 2.5.6 If reagent accidentally gets to mouth immediately split it away, rinse mouth with water and neutralizing Solutions (baking soda, boric or acetic acid). 2.5.7 Burned spot wash immediately with cold water and bandage. 2.5.8 If intoxicated with chlorine (Cl2), hydrogen sulfide (Ha2S) or with other substances via respiratory duct lead patient to fresh air, give him ammonia to smell, adjust cold compress on neck or breast. If is necessary, use artificial respiration and heart massage. 2.5.9 If bromine (Br2) contacted with skin, wash injured spot with ethanol or petrol, smear with glycerol and bandage. 2.5.10 Ali first aid measurements are in laboratory drugstore. 9  APPENDIX MAIN MATERIALS OF CHEMICAL LABORATORY Title Formula Type* Acetone CH3COCH3 FL Acetic acid CH3COOH Ammonia NH3 FA Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon monoxide CO TG Carbonic acid H2CO3 Nitric acid HNO3 AM Barium alkali (hydroxide) Ba(OH)2 AM Petrol C6H14...C10H22 FL Borax Na2B4O7 · 10H2O Boric acid H3BO3 FA Butane C4H10 FG Chlorine Cl2 TG Hydrochloric acid HCl AM Ethane C 2 H6 FG Ether C2H5OC2H5 FL Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH Ortho-phosphoric acid H3PO4 AM Phosgene COCl2 TG Glycerol C3H5(OH)3 FA Iodine I2 FA Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) Ca(OH)2 AM Calcium carbonate (chalk, limestone) CaCO3 Calcium oxide (burnt lime) CaO AM Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 Potassium carbonate (potash) K2CO3 Potassium permanganate KMnO4 FA Potassium alkali KOH AM Crystal soda Na2CO3 · 10H2O Methane CH4 FG Sodium chloride (white salt) NaCl Sodium alkali NaOH AM Sodium hydrocarbonate (backing soda) NaHCO3 FA Propane C 3 H8 FG Sulfuric acid H2SO4 AM Hydrosulfide H2 S TG Soda Na2CO3 AM *Abbreviations: AM - aggressive materials FA - materials for the first mcdical aid FG - flararaable gas TG - toxic gas FL - flammable Iiquids 74