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Group 4. Investigation of binding of fatty acids to serum albumin to determine free concentrations: Experimental and in-silico approaches 1. How was solid-phase microextraction used to analyze fatty acid binding to serum albumin? Answer: SPME is a technique for measuring the amount of free (ligands...

Group 4. Investigation of binding of fatty acids to serum albumin to determine free concentrations: Experimental and in-silico approaches 1. How was solid-phase microextraction used to analyze fatty acid binding to serum albumin? Answer: SPME is a technique for measuring the amount of free (ligands in the solution) and bound ligands (ligands bound to fiber) via desorption and adsorption principles. This was utilized to study the binding isotherms of two long-chain fatty acids: Linoleic Acid and Alpha-Linoleic Acid, to Human Serum Albumin. 2. In the study, two modes of analyzing fatty acid binding to serum albumin were proposed: site-oriented binding approach and stoichiometric binding approach. Why was the latter chosen as the more practical and effective approach in the study? Answer: The stoichiometric binding approach was used in the study because it is more practical in cases where the cooperation among the binding sites is difficult to interpret using a site-oriented binding approach. Group 9. Utilization of the peroxidase‐like activity of silver nanoparticles nanozyme onbO‐phenylenediamine/ H2O2 system for fluorescence detection of mercury (II) ions Silver Atoms 1. With what atom in the PVP-AgNPs do mercury ions bind to? Peroxidases 2. What kind of enzymes do the PVP-AgNPs mimic? 2,3-diaminophenazine 3. What is the expected reaction product upon oxidation on O-phenyldiamine with H2O2? Group 8. 1.) What is the enzyme of interest and its native substrate? Enzyme: Aspartate aminotransferase Native substrate: L-glutamate 2.) Briefly describe how the researchers in this study shifted the affinity of the enzyme to the new substrate? 3.) Name the new substrate. L-phenylalanine 4.) What method/s was/were carried out to verify the affinity of the enzyme to the new substrate? NMR Spectroscopy - to check equilibrium of protein solution XRay Crystallography - to structure of enzyme with adjusted affinity to L-phenylalanine Group 6 Non-destructive detection of frozen pork freshness based on portable fluorescence spectroscopy Question 1: In general, during storage, microorganisms and enzymes decompose pork which can produce various compounds that is able to exhibit fluorescent properties. This served as the basis in the spectral characterization analysis of frozen pork by Zhuang et al., 2023. Using their portable fluorescence spectra acquisition system, what compound corresponds to the strong fluorescence peak observed at 510 nm? A. Collagen B. Riboflavin C. Porphyrins D. NADPH Question 2: According to Zhuang et al., 2023, a UV-LED portable fluorescence spectroscopy detection system is able to assess the freshness of pork without thawing. In this study, they used two indicators of pork freshness namely pH and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). Which of the following statements is correct? A. The higher the TVB-N value, the fresher the meat. B. The higher the pH value, the fresher the meat. C. The lower the TVB-N value, the fresher the meat. D. The lower the pH value, the fresher the meat. Group 1. Probing menstrual bloodstain aging with fluorescence spectroscopy True 1. Tryptophan, NADH, FAD and Flavins were all detected in menstrual blood via fluorescence spectroscopy False 2. The changes in the fluorescence intensities of NADH and FAD were due to increase in metabolic demand Group 11 Based on the main findings of the paper, what model is followed by the in vivo and in vitro relationships of bound and free insulin? A. in vivo: one-site model, in vitro: two-site model B. in vivo: two-site model, in vitro: one-site model C. Both follow the one-site model D. Both follow the two-site model To evaluate the Ka and Bmax of the anti-insulin antibodies more accurately in the one-site model, the researchers analyzed the saturation binding curve in vivo by ______. A. linear regression B. non-linear least squares fitting C. multiple linear regression D. polynomial regression At what point in the in vitro binding-site model of insulin is the Scatchard plot similar to the linear expression in vivo? A. As F approaches infinity B. As F approaches 0 C. As B approaches infinity D. As B approaches 0 According to the paper, what will happen when the insulin concentrations exceed the binding capacity of the high affinity site in vivo? A. The B/F vs B plots becomes linear B. The B/F vs B plots becomes curvilinear C. It does not affect the Scatchard plot D. The data is incomplete to draw conclusions.