Joshua Lee - Chapter 4 Notes 4.3 PDF

Lesson 4.3 - Laws Recognizing Rights of the Metis (Pages 152 - 159) What laws recognize the collective rights of the Metis? 1869 - 1870: Red River Resistance ​ Red River Resistance ○​ Metis Provisional Government led by Louis Riel negotiated with the government of Canada...

Lesson 4.3 - Laws Recognizing Rights of the Metis (Pages 152 - 159) What laws recognize the collective rights of the Metis? 1869 - 1870: Red River Resistance ​ Red River Resistance ○​ Metis Provisional Government led by Louis Riel negotiated with the government of Canada to have their terms met upon entering Canada ○​ Resulted in the creation of Manitoba via the Manitoba Act ○​ Bilingual province with education rights for Catholics and Protestants ○​ Metis land rights (500 000 hectares of land) 1875 - 1879: Issues With Land Rights ​ Issues With Land Rights ○​ Scrip was issued instead of establishing Metis settlements ○​ Offered a choice: take the scrip or become a Status Indian under a Numbered Treaty ○​ Many Metis sold their scrip and moved west to Alberta and Saskatchewan to start new settlements 1885: Northwest Resistance ​ Northwest Resistance ○​ Louis Riel leads the Metis in another conflict against the Federal government ○​ The Metis are trying to protect their lands in Western Canada as the railway and settlers started to come to the west ○​ Louis Riel is hung for treason ; Metis experience setback as a people 1896 - 1910: St. Paul ​ St. Paul ○​ Metis establish farms at St. Paul de Metis on land from the Catholic Church ○​ They did not have title to the land and had to leave 1938: Metis Population Betterment Act ​ Metis Population Betterment Act ○​ Twelve temporary Metis settlements are established due to this act ○​ First time in Canadian history that Metis are provided with land 1940 - 1960: Settlements Close ​ Some Settlements Close  ○​ The temporary settlements did not give the Metis control of the land ○​ Four of the settlements were closed and the land went back to the government of Alberta 1982: Recognition in the Constitution ​ Recognition in the Constitution ○​ Section 35 of the Constitution recognizes the Metis as one of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada with rights 1990: Alberta Metis Settlements ​ Alberta Metis Settlements ○​ Various pieces of legislation (Metis Settlement Act) are created to provide the Metis with 8 permanent land bases with the right to manage their own affairs ○​ Paddle Prairie, Peavine, Gift Lake, East Prairie, Kikino, Buffalo Lake, Elizabeth, Fishing Lake 2003: Supreme Court Ruling ​ Supreme Court Ruling ○​ Supreme Court ruled that Metis have the right to hunt and fish as one of Canada’s aboriginal people under the constitution ○​ These rights are viewed as inherent rights (something that should be guaranteed as a right or privilege based on their history and roots in this country) 2004 - 2007: Harvesting Rights ​ Alberta Harvesting Rights ○​ 2004- Metis hunting and fishing (harvesting) rights are recognized in Alberta because of their Aboriginal status ○​ 2007- Some restrictions are put in place by the Alberta government without agreement from the Metis (rules about who can hunt, when they can hunt, and where they can hunt) 2006 - 2013: Compensation in Manitoba Act ​ Metis Seek Compensation for Promised Land in Manitoba Act ○​ 2006: Metis launch a case seeking compensation for land promised, but not delivered in the Manitoba Act ○​ 2013-Present: In a landmark ruling, the Supreme Court votes 6-2 in favor of the Metis, stating the Federal Government failed to provide land over 140 years ago. ○​ This issue is currently being negotiated between the government and the Metis  2016 - Present Day: Supreme Court Ruling ​ Supreme Court ruling on Metis “Status” ○​ Currently, the Metis are winning legal battles to grant them recognition and privileges that would be similar to Status Indians living on reserve. ○​ There are currently 450,000 Metis living in Canada that could one day benefit from this change in “status” ○​ This could mean that the Federal Government would be financially responsible to provide benefits for the Metis ○​ It is still unclear of what these legal victories will mean for the Metis Reserves and Settlements Reserves Settlements Where Are They? Everywhere Alberta - 8 Who Lives There? First Nations - Status Metis - No Status What Kind Of Rights? Treaty Rights; Harvesting Rights Harvesting Rights Legislation created by Alberta Agreements between The Crown Metis asked and struggled for years How Were They Created? and First Nations - Surrender of Alberta finally agreed and gave land them land. Official Term For Land Numbered Treaties Metis Settlement Act Agreement Stop and Think 1.​ How does understanding the complexity of views and perspectives about Louis Riel connect to citizenship in Canada today? Understanding the views and perspectives of Louis Riel connect us to citizenship as Canadians learn and know about the struggle of the Indigenous and Metis peoples. This helps people understand and it promotes citizenship in Canada. 2.​ How does the recognition of the right to land affirm the collective identity of the Métis? It affirms the collective identity of the Metis as it shows how connected they were to their land. It also showed how important it is to their culture and it shows their collective identity. 3.​ What would you say is the most important legislation that recognizes Métis collective rights in Canada? Why? In my opinion, I would say that the Red River Resistance between 1869-1870 was the most important for Metis’ collective rights. I think this because Louis Riel was the one who had started the fight for Metis’ right. If this legislation did not happen, Metis might have not gotten their collective rights.