Jean Monnet Notes PDF

-The EU's annual budget is decided jointly by the Parliament and the Council. It is drawn up and negotiated in the year preceding its implementation. 1-What are responbilities of European Commision? The Commission helps to shape 1. the EU's overall strategy, 2. Proposes new EU laws and p...

-The EU's annual budget is decided jointly by the Parliament and the Council. It is drawn up and negotiated in the year preceding its implementation. 1-What are responbilities of European Commision? The Commission helps to shape 1. the EU's overall strategy, 2. Proposes new EU laws and policies, 3. Monitors their implementation and manages the EU budget 4. Supporting international development and delivering aid. The European Commission is the executive branch of the European Union. Its main roles include;  proposing legislation  implementing decisions  upholding the EU treaties  managing the day-to-day business of the EU. -The Commission is responsible for ensuring that EU policies and laws are correctly applied across EU countries, negotiating international agreements on behalf of the EU, and managing the EU's budget. Additionally, it represents the interests of the EU on the global stage, ensuring a coordinated approach among EU countries. STRATEGY AND POLICY: -The EU’s overall political strategy is developed jointly by its institutions: the European Parliament, European Council, Council of the European Union, and European Commission. -In particular, the European Council provides the EU’s direction and goals for a 5- year period in the EU Strategic Agenda. Based on this and on the 5-year overarching priorities, a plan of action for the next calendar year is set out in the Commission work programme. It describes how the priorities will be turned into concrete actions.  Through strategic foresight, the Commission also seeks to embed future insights into its policy-making, strategic planning, and preparedness. -Commission departments produce strategic and management plans showing how they will contribute to the Commission's priorities and setting clear objectives and indicators for monitoring and reporting. -The Commission plans and reports on its work in a yearly cycle known as the strategic planning and programming cycle. The Commission regularly publishes reports resulting from each cycle. At the end of the budget year, all Commission departments produce an annual activity report on their performance in achieving their objectives. LAW: -The Commission proposes and implements laws which are in keeping with the objectives of the EU treaties. It encourages input from business and citizens in the law-making process and ensures laws are correctly implemented, evaluated and updated when needed. -The European Commission is responsible for planning, preparing and proposing new European laws. It has the right to do this on its own initiative. The laws it proposes must defend the interests of the Union and its citizens as a whole. The Commission submits a legislative proposal to the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, who must agree on the text for it to become EU law. - Once an EU law is passed, the Council of the European Union or European Parliament can authorise the Commission to adopt two types of non-legislative acts to ensure that laws are implemented properly (implementing acts) or updated if necessary to reflect developments in a particular sector (delegated acts).  Implementing and delegating acts -The Commission is responsible for monitoring whether EU laws are applied correctly and on time. In this role, the Commission is referred to as the 'guardian of the treaties'. The Commission will take steps if an EU country does not fully incorporate a directive into its national law by the set deadline or has not applied EU law correctly. If national authorities fail to implement EU laws, the Commission may start formal infringement proceedings against the country in question. -The Commission regularly evaluates whether EU laws have delivered the desired changes to European business and citizens. BUDGET AND FUNDING: -The European Commission is responsible for preparing and proposing a draft budget for the European Union as a whole. It bases this on budget guidelines for the coming year and in line with the multiannual financial framework regulation in force. 2021-2027 is the last one. -The European Commission is ultimately responsible for managing the EU budget. In practice, up to 80 percent of the budget expenditure is managed by EU countries under so-called shared management, particularly in the areas of agriculture, growth and employment aid to EU regions. -A set of checks and balances is in place to ensure that shared management expenditure is managed properly and in accordance with the rules. -About 80% of EU funding is managed under programmes jointly administered by the European Commission and national authorities in the EU countries. -However the funding is managed, transparent procedures ensure that everyone is treated equally and has the same access to information on EU funding processes. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: -The European Commission plays a key role in the design of development policy and delivering aid worldwide. Internationally, it helps to negotiate development cooperation agreements and is represented on the ground by EU delegations around the world. -The European Commission is responsible for designing European development policy and delivering aid throughout the world as effectively as possible. It also ensures that the EU is represented internationally in development policy matters and in negotiating agreements on international development issues. -The European Union is represented by EU delegations and offices around the world. Delegations are diplomatic missions and are usually responsible for one country, although some are representatives to several countries. Through EU delegations and offices the European Commission maintains contact with local authorities and populations around the globe. Discover the Commission's 2024-2029 Priorities: -Europe is facing significant challenges, from rising costs of living and housing shortages to business and migration management. 1-Europe's Sustainable Prosperity and Competitiveness: -Europe has always been a continent of industry, enterprise and innovation – reinventing itself through industrial and tech revolutions, global competition and changing societies. -Introduce a Competitiveness Compass to close the innovation gap, decarbonise and increase security. -Complete the Single Market in key sectors to allow companies to scale up. -Propose a new EU-wide legal status to help innovative companies grow. -To stay the course on the goals set out in the European Green Deal, decarbonise our economy and bring down energy prices, we will;  Propose to set out a 90% emission-reduction target for 2040 in the European Climate Law  Reduce energy costs for households and businesses by completing the Energy Union.  Invest in clean energy infrastructure and technologies.  Secure supplies of raw materials, clean energy and clean tech with the development of clean trade and investment partnerships.  Continue to be a leader in international climate negotiations. -Work on reducing dependencies on critical medicines and ingredients by putting forward a Critical Medicines Act. -Step up our work on preventive health as well on treatments for degenerative illnesses and research on autism. -Encourage investments in digital infrastructures to improve access to secure, fast and reliable connectivity. -Continue to step up our enforcement of the EU digital laws. -Ensure access to supercomputing capacity for AI startups and industry via an AI Factories initiative. -Boost new industrial uses of AI and improve public services with an Apply AI Strategy. -Pool all our resources through a new European AI Research Council. -Ensure seamless and at-scale data sharing with a European Data Union Strategy. -Support green and digital transitions and develop high-value technologies through a Strategy for European Life Sciences. -We will invest massively in our sustainable competitiveness, by using public investment to leverage and de-risk private capital. -Tackle the skills and labour gaps by establish for creating education opportunities even for basic skills.  Propose a STEM Education Strategic Plan to address decline in performance, the lack of qualified teachers in areas linked to science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) and bring more girls into STEM education and careers. 2-A New Era for European Defence and Security: -The European Commission will work to ensure that European citizens are safer and more secure, and that Europe has the means to maintain peace through credible deterrence. These last few years have been a sharp reminder about how fragile peace is. They have also been a wakeup call for Europe to give itself the means to protect itself and deter potential adversaries. -71% of citizens think the EU needs to reinforce its capacity to produce military equipment. -77% of Europeans are in favour of a common defence and security policy. -Help Member States rebuild, replenish, and transform national armed forces by building upon the existing defence industrial programmes, to invest in high-end capabilities in critical areas such as naval, ground, air combat, space-based early warning and cyber -Develop a Single Market for Defence products and services, enhancing defence research and development, production capacity and fostering joint procurement. -We will develop a Preparedness Union Strategy to ensure we are better prepared for crises by;  Better preparing the whole of society for possible crises, including the citizens and the private sector.  Strengthening our foresight and anticipation capabilities.  Addressing new threats, in particular those linked to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) and cybersecurity.  Supporting medical countermeasures against public health threats, including joint procurement and stockpiling. -For people to feel safe, we will work on;  A new European Internal Security Strategy to help ensure that security is integrated into EU legislation.  A new European action plan against drug trafficking, which will see us work with partners to close routes and business models of drug traffickers.  A new counter-terrorism agenda to address new and emerging threats and to take a stronger approach to terrorist financing and anti-radicalisation. - To deliver stronger common borders, we will;  Put in place a fully functional digital border management system.  Implement an integrated border management approach.  Develop and EU Visa Policy Strategy.  Ensure a complete and fully functioning Schengen area. -There is two side for immigration policy of the union. Firstly, Put forward a new common approach on returns to speed up and simplify the process for immigrants. For this aim, continue developing strategic relations with non-EU countries. Secondly, work with Member States to open up legal pathways to migration, based on the skills needs of our economies and our regions. 3- Supporting People, Strengthening Our Societies and Our Social Model: -Europe’s unique social model is based on creating prosperity while ensuring that no one gets left behind. We have achieved a lot, but there is still work to do. The crises of recent years have impacted the living standards of many Europeans. A lack of affordable housing, access to essential services, poverty and inequalities of opportunities threaten to harm the bonds that keep us together. -Our societies and economies will continue to evolve. This means we need to focus our efforts on sustaining and improving the quality of life we enjoy today. Over the next five years, the European Commission will work to promote social fairness, strengthen social and regional cohesion, and ensure equal opportunities for all. -Set out a new action plan on the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights to reach our 2030 social headline targets. -Tackle the housing crisis by putting forward the first-ever European Affordable Housing Plan and creating a pan-European investment platform for affordable and sustainable housing. -Rolling out the Social Climate Fund to support renovations and energy-efficient housing. -Tackle the root causes of demographic change. -Reduce regional disparities so Europeans can live and work in the place they call home. -Work on safeguarding the rights of minorities -Strengthen Erasmus+ to allow more Europeans to gain new skills and develop a better mutual understanding. -Create an action plan against cyberbullying. -For equality;  Update the strategy for LGBTIQ equality and develop a new anti-racism strategy, so that everyone can thrive and lead, regardless of who they are.  Develop a roadmap for women’s rights and a new strategy for gender equality. 4-Sustaining Our Quality of Life: Food Security, Water and Nature: 5- Protecting our democracy, upholding our values: 6- A Global Europe: Leveraging Our Power and Partnerships: 7- Delivering Together and Preparing our Union for the Future: -In the last five years, the EU has set course on an ambitious programme of modernisation. During this mandate, the European Commission will focus on implementation, investment and reform to prepare for the future. This will involve developing a simpler, more impactful EU budget to deliver funds where they matter the most; implementing reforms to ensure the proper functioning of a larger union and strengthening the partnership between the European Commission and the European Parliament. Work in these areas will cut across the actions on our other priorities and will require EU institutions and countries to work together as a team.  270 Billion euro for economic recovery thanks to NextGenerationEU.   31.5 billion people got benefited in 2020. 2-What are responsibilities of President of the EU Commission? Ursula von der Leyen-European People’ Party from Germany, 2019-…  Ursula von der Leyen was elected as President of the European Commission for 2024-2029 by the European Parliament in July 2024.  The greatest challenges for the world are ‘’ security, climate change, and competitiveness. -Every five years, at the beginning of a new Commission term, the President of the Commission also determines the priorities for its upcoming term of office. -Every year, in the speech on the State of the Union, the President of the Commission presents and debates with the European Parliament the achievements of the Commission during the previous year and announces key initiatives planned for the year to come. These initiatives are also shared with the President of the European Parliament and with the rotating Council Presidency in a so-called 'letter of intent'. -The President is the head of the European Commission, which is the executive branch of the European Union (EU). -The President decides on the organisation of the Commission and allocates portfolios to individual Commissioners, sets the Commission’s policy agenda and represents the Commission in European Council meetings, G7 and G20 summits, summits with non-EU countries and major debates in the European Parliament (the Parliament) and in the Council of the European Union. -The European Council, acting by a qualified majority, proposes to the Parliament a candidate for President of the European Commission, taking into account the result of the European Parliament elections. The Parliament elects the proposed candidate by a majority of its members. If a majority is not obtained, the European Council must propose a new candidate within 1 month. -The President’s term of office runs for a period of 5 years, which is renewable. -Based on proposals from EU Member States, the Council of the European Union and the President-elect adopt the list of other persons proposed as Members of the Commission. His/her agreement is also needed to appoint the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who also becomes a Commission Vice-President. -All Members of the Commission are subject as a body to a vote of consent by the Parliament. On that basis, the Commission is appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority. 3-What are the responsibilities of European Parliament? -The EU’s law-making body. Strasbourg, Brussels, Luxemburg - The president of EU Parliament is Roberta Metsola. The President represents Parliament to other EU institutions and the outside world and gives the final go-ahead to the EU budget. -720 members of the European Parliament. They are elected by EU voters every 5 years. In the parliament, any of the country can not have more than 96 member and less than 6 member. Each country is roughly proportionate to its population. There is 20 committees. -Established in 1952 as Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community, 1962 as European Parliament, first direct elections in 1979. -The European Parliament is an important forum for political debate and decision- making at the EU level. The Members of the European Parliament are directly elected by voters in all Member States to represent people’s interests with regard to EU law-making and to make sure other EU institutions are working democratically. -The Lisbon Treaty, which came in force in late 2009, brought new law-making powers to the European Parliament and put it on an equal footing with the Council of Ministers in deciding what the EU does and how money is spent -It also changed the way the Parliament works with other institutions and gave MEPs more influence on who runs the EU. All these reforms ensured that by casting your vote in the European elections, you get to have an even greater say on where Europe is heading. -Responsibilities of the EU Parliament; 1. Legislative 2. Supervisory 3. Budgetary 1-Legislative: -Passing EU laws, together with the Council of the EU, based on European Commission proposals. -Deciding on international agreements. -Deciding on enlargements. -Reviewing the Commission's work programme and asking it to propose legislation. 2-Supervisory: -Democratic inspection of all EU institutions. -Electing the Commission President and approving the Commission as a body. Possibility of voting a motion of censure, obliging the Commission to resign. -Granting discharge, i.e. approving the way EU budgets have been spent. -Examining citizens' submission and setting up inquiries. -Discussing monetary policy with the European Central Bank. -Questioning Commission and Council. -Election observations. 3-Budgetary: - Establishing the EU budget, together with the Council. -Approving the EU's long-term budget, the "Multiannual Financial Framework". 4- What are the responsibilities of European Council? -Defines the general political direction and priorities of the European Union. Brussels - The president of the European Council is António Costa. Once-renewable two- and-a-half-year term. The President represents the EU to the outside world. -Members are Heads of state or government of EU countries, European Council President, European Commission President.  It represents the highest level of political cooperation between EU countries. -Established in 1974 (informal forum), 1992 (formal status), 2009 (official EU institution). -One of the EU's 7 official institutions, the European Council takes the form of (usually quarterly) summit meetings between EU leaders, chaired by a permanent president. - It usually meets 4 times a year – but the President can convene additional meetings to address urgent issues. -It generally decides issues by consensus – but by unanimity or qualified majority in some cases. Only the heads of state or government can vote. -Decides on the EU's overall direction and political priorities – but does not pass laws. -Deals with complex or sensitive issues that cannot be resolved at lower levels of intergovernmental cooperation. -Sets the EU's common foreign and security policy, taking into account EU strategic interests and defence implications. -Nominates and appoints candidates to certain high profile EU level roles, such as the European Central Bank and the Commission. -On each issue, the European Council can:  Ask the European Commission to make a proposal to address it   Pass it on to the Council of the EU to deal with 5- What are the responsibilities of the Council of the European Union? -Voice of EU member governments, adopting EU laws and coordinating EU policies. Brussels -The members of the Council of the EU are Government ministers from each EU country, according to the policy area to be discussed. -Each EU country holds the presidency on a 6-month rotating basis. Since July 2024, it was Hungary. Since 1st January 2025, Poland will hod presidency for 6 months. -Estanblish in 1958, as Council of the European Economic Community. What is White Paper? 4- 2017’de avrupa komisyonunun eu'nun geleceği hakkında sunduğu olası senaryoları yazınız. Sizce hangisi daha olası neden tartışınız. 5-Suriye göçmen krizinin eu-turkiye iliskilerine etkilerini değerlendiriniz. 6-Girdiginiz muktesebatla ilgili genel ilke ve politikalari yaziniz. 7-Girdiginiz muktesebatla ilgili turkiyenin guncel durumunu ve bu muktesebatin turkiye'ye olan etkilerini yaziniz. 8-What is the results of Brexit, socially, culturally, politically etc.? 9- Explain the agreement between Türkiye and the customs union starting from Ankara Agreement. Why and in what areas does the customs union between Türkiye and the EU need to be modernized?