January 8th Lecture - Nutrition PDF

January 8th lecture Food! What is food made of? -​ Animals and plants -​ What are animals and plants made of? ​ Macronutrients ​ Micronutrients What is a calorie? -​ A unit of energy -​ 1 calorie is the amount of energy it takes to warm 1 kilogram of water up by 1° Celsius...

January 8th lecture Food! What is food made of? -​ Animals and plants -​ What are animals and plants made of? ​ Macronutrients ​ Micronutrients What is a calorie? -​ A unit of energy -​ 1 calorie is the amount of energy it takes to warm 1 kilogram of water up by 1° Celsius -​ Food energy is measured in kilo calories (kcal but it’s often just called Calories.) -​ Think of Kcals like fuel for a car Macronutrients Carbohydrates,fat, and protein -​ These give us energy -​ The amount of energy they provide is measured in kilo calories (kcal) -​ Carbohydrate gives us 4 kcal of energy/gram -​ Protein gives us 4 kcal of energy/gram -​ Fat gives us 9 kcal of energy/gram -​ Alcohol gives us 7 kcal of energy/gram Micronutrients -​ Vitamins and minerals -​ Vitamins are organic molecules our body needs in order to function -​ Organic molecules = contain carbon -​ Minerals are inorganic molecules (from the periodic table) our body needs in order to function ➔​ Don’t provide us with energy, but we need to eat them so that our body can function -​ Anitoxidants -​ Control nerve and muscle action -​ Make and maintain tissues like bones and blood -​ Regulate energy metabolism Water -​ Our bodies need water for EVERYTHING -​ Water is also a macronutrient but doesn’t provide energy ➔​ Water in our bodies enables: -​ Chemical reactions -​ Our cells to grow -​ Our muscles and nerves to function -​ Hormone signaling -​ Nutrient transport -​ Regulation of body temperature -​ EVERYTHING What is a Nutritious Diet?  -​ Adequate: having sufficient amounts of nutrients to maintain health -​ Moderate: watching portion sizes and frequency of consumption of foods -​ Balanced: mix and match food choices to ensure adequate nutrient intake -​ Varied: there are no super foods; need to eat a variety of foods ensure adequate nutrient intake Why do we choose the foods we do? ➔​ It’s complex! Based on: -​ Availability & Accessibility: Cost, location, health status -​ Cultural and family background -​ Social acceptability -​ Personal preference -​ Psychological and emotional factors -​ Health concerns -​ Media Who can we trust? ​ Trained persons with credentials: Yes Ex: Registered dietitians (RD, PDt,RDt), Nutrition professionals with advanced degrees ​ Government -​ Health Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada -​ Canadian Food Inspection Agency -​ Statistics Canada -​ National Institutes of Health (USA) ​ Professional Organizations: Yes -​ Dietitians of Canada -​ Canadian Nutrition Society: ​ Well known non profit organizations: Yes -​ Canadian Diabetes Association -​ Canadian Cancer Society -​ Heart and Stroke Foundation -​ Peer Reviewed Journal Articles: Yes What is a Peer Reviewed Journal? -​ Where scientists publish their research -​ Ex. The Lancet, Science, New England Journal of Medicine, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, European Journal of Nutrition -​ Articles are reviewed by researchers in the field before publication ➔​ NOT magazines, newspapers, and other print media Can we trust... ​ Our Doctor? -​ Yes, BUT most doctors have very little nutrition training. ​ A Nutritionist? -​ “Nutritionist” is not a protected title in Ontario. ​ The media, internet/news/TV/magazines? -​ The media may not get it right Protected title means a trained professional has to meet certain standards