Nutrition PDF

 Nutrition Supply of essential organic and inorganic chemical compounds (nutrients) Food Substance that we eat or drink and contains the nutrient. Diet Combination of food items which we eat in our meals. Balanced diet – food items which supply all the necessary nutrients. ...

 Nutrition Supply of essential organic and inorganic chemical compounds (nutrients) Food Substance that we eat or drink and contains the nutrient. Diet Combination of food items which we eat in our meals. Balanced diet – food items which supply all the necessary nutrients.  Need of Nutrition Growth Repair Energy Maintenance Provision of raw materials Protection  Classes of Nutrition Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Mineral salts Vitamins Water  Knorr Tomato Soup Nutritional information Per 100g Per serve Energy (kcal) 350 46 Protein (g) 5.4 0.7 Carbohydrate (g) 69.3 9.2 Sugars (g) 35.7 4.7 Dietary Fiber (g) 4 0.5 Fat (g) 5.7 0.8 Saturated Fat (g) 3.1 0.4 Trans Fat (g) 0.05 Trace Sodium (mg) 4029 534 Rice flour Almonds  1. Carbohydrates Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with H and O ratio as 2:1 Types of carbohydrates Sugars Starch Cellulose Glycogen 1. Monosaccharides Polysaccharide Polysaccharide Polysaccharide 2. Disaccharides Stored in plants Roughage Carbs stored in such as potatoes, the animal grains Cell wall of body plants (C6H10O5)n  Monosaccharides / simple sugars (C6H12O6) Glucose Fructose Galactose Grape-sugar Fruit-sugar Milk sugar  Disaccharides / Double sugars (C12H22O11) Sucrose Maltose Lactose Sugarcane, sugar-beet Malt-sugar Milk sugar Glucose + Fructose Glucose + Glucose Glucose + Galactose  2. Fats Made up of fatty acids and glycerol Compounds also containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with O content very less and produces more energy than carbohydrates Eg. Butter, cream, vegetable oils, fats of meat and fish liver oils. Provides insulation. Serves as a solvent for fat soluble vitamins. Important storage form of food.  C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + 686 kcal The energy produced per mass of fuel is 686 kcal/180 g glucose = 3.80 kcal/g CH3(CH2)14COOH + 23O2 → 16CO2 + 16H2O + 2397 kcal The energy produced per mass of fuel is 2397kcal/256.4 g fat = 9.3 kcal/g From the above energy yields, we can say that fats produce more energy than carbohydrates.  3. Proteins Made up of amino acids Compounds also containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen May also contains sulphur and phosphorus Building blocks and required for growth and repair of body cells and tissues Eg. Milk. Cheese, Nuts, Beans etc Deficiency causes 2 diseases – Kwashiorkor and Marasmus Deficiency disease of proteins: A. Kwashiorkor 1. It affects children from 1 – 5 years of age 2. It is due to the deficiency of proteins in the diet. 3. Oedema of legs and face. 4. The skin of the patient becomes dark and scaly. 5. No degeneration of the muscles.  Deficiency disease of proteins: B. Marasmus 1. It affects infants up to 1 year of age. 2. It is due to the deficiency of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the diet. 3. No oedema is seen 4. No darkening of the skin. 5. Degeneration of the muscles, with the body becoming very weak. 4. Mineral salts Compounds needed in small quantities.  Mineral salts Macronutirents Micronutrients Calcium - Rickets Iron - Anaemia Sodium - Muscular cramps Cobalt - Pernicious anaemia Potassium - Nerve impulses not Copper - Loss of body weight transmitted Iodine - Goitre Phosphorus- Soft bones Zinc - Retarded growth Magnesium - Irritation in nervous system  5. Vitamins Catalysts or enzymes Compounds needed in small quantities. Vitamins Fat soluble Water soluble A Night-blindness B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B11, B12, C D Rickets K Haemorrhage E Affects muscle control and co-ordination  Water-soluble Vitamins Deficiency diseases B1 (Thiamine) Beriberi B2 (Riboflavin) Irritation in the eyes and skin B3 (Niacin) Pellagra B5 (Pantothenic acid ) Fatigue, loss of coordination B6 (Pyridoxine ) Skin problems, nerve disorder B11 (Folic acid ) Anaemia B12 (Cobolamine ) Pernicious anaemia C( Ascorbic acid) Scurvy 6. Water About 2/3 of out body weight is water  Balanced diet A balanced diet is one which contains all the principal constituents of food in proper quantity.  Malnutrition Undernutrition Deficiency of some essential A condition in which a person does not component of food leading to take sufficient food. some diseases. Protective food Bodybuilding food Vitamin and minerals are known Protein are known as the body building as protective food because they food because they helps to grow muscles make our body healthy. for bodybuilding purposes