Jan 2025 Final Practical Exam Preparatory Class - Emergency Medicine PDF

**JANUARY 2025 FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM PREPARATORY CLASS** **EMERGENCY MEDICATION** In an emergency situation the following medications are used: +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DRUG NAME** | **DOSAGE** | **DRUG | **SIDE EFFECT** | |...

**JANUARY 2025 FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM PREPARATORY CLASS** **EMERGENCY MEDICATION** In an emergency situation the following medications are used: +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DRUG NAME** | **DOSAGE** | **DRUG | **SIDE EFFECT** | | | | INDICATION** | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **ADRENALINE** | 0.5 - 1mg IV | **Neurotransmit | Dyspnea, | | | | ter** | angina, | | | | | tachycardia, | | | | Used in | vomiting, | | | | **Cardiac | Hypertension, | | | | arrest/cardiopu | Palpitations, | | | | lmonary | seizures, | | | | resuscitation** | tremors, | | | | (CPR) it | urinary | | | | stimulates your | retention, | | | | heart. Septic | insomnia, | | | | shock: | tingling and | | | | increases blood | numbness in the | | | | pressure. | hands/ feet. | | | | | | | | | **Asthma:** | | | | | opens airways | | | | | and decreases | | | | | airway spasms. | | | | | | | | | | **Anaphylaxis** | | | | | : | | | | | relaxes airway | | | | | muscles is the | | | | | first-response | | | | | treatment for | | | | | this severe, | | | | | life-threatenin | | | | | g | | | | | allergic | | | | | reactions. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **ADENOSINE** | 6mg IV push | **Anti-dysrhyth | Atrial flutter | | | Flush w/ 20ml | mic** | or atrial | | | NaCl | | fibrillation, | | | | Used in | bradycardia, | | | | **Cardioversion | diaphoresis, | | | | :** | headache, | | | | conversion of | hypotension, | | | | tachycardia to | dizziness, | | | | normal sinus | angina, | | | | rhythm | metallic taste, | | | | | SOB, nausea | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **AMINOPHYLLINE | 25 mg/ ml IV | **Bronchodilato | Chest pain or | | ** | | r** | discomfort, | | | | | dizziness, | | | | Used for | fast/slow or | | | | **asthma, | irregular | | | | bronchitis** | heartbeat, | | | | and **chronic | increased urine | | | | obstructive | output, | | | | pulmonary | | | | | disease** | Lightheadedness | | | | (COPD). | , | | | | | vomiting, | | | | | pounding or | | | | | rapid pulse, | | | | | seizures, | | | | | shakiness | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **ATROPINE** | 1 mg/ ml | **Anticholinerg | Atrial flutter | | | | ic** | or atrial | | | Q 3-5 mins. Max | | fibrillation | | | dose 3mg | Used in | with RVR. | | | | **Bradycardia:* | Tachycardia, | | | | * | dry mouth, | | | | accelerates | dilated pupils, | | | | heart rate, | blurred vision, | | | | improves | delirium, | | | | cardiac | headache. | | | | output**. | | | | | Narrow complex | | | | | (Mobitz Type1 | | | | | AV Block).** | | | | | | | | | | Dries mucus | | | | | membranes | | | | | during | | | | | **cardiac | | | | | arrest.** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **AMIODARONE** | 150 mg IV | **Anti-dysrhyth | Second or third | | | | mic** | degree AV | | | | | Block, Sinus | | | | Used in | bradycardia, | | | | **Cardioversion | Hypotension, | | | | :** | arrhythmia, | | | | conversion of | heart failure, | | | | tachycardia to | ataxia, tremor, | | | | normal sinus | dizziness. | | | | rhythm. | | | | | Ventricular | | | | | tachycardia | | | | | (**fast heart | | | | | rate**). | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **CALCIUM | 10% | **Supplement: | Ventricular | | GLUCONATE** | | Minerals/ | fibrillation | | | 15 -- 30 ml | Vitamins/ | may lead to | | | | Electrolytes** | death. | | | | | Phlebitis. | | | | Used in | | | | | Hyperkalemia | | | | | (Peaked T-waves | | | | | on ECG), | | | | | Antidote for | | | | | Magnesium | | | | | poisoning/ | | | | | Calcium channel | | | | | blocker | | | | | overdose. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DRUG NAME** | **DOSAGE** | **DRUG | **SIDE EFFECT** | | | | INDICATION** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DIGOXIN** | 0.5 mg/ ml | **Antiarrhythmi | **Allergic | | | | c;** | reactions:** | | | | | skin rash, | | | | Used in Atrial | itching, hives. | | | | Fibrillation | **Digoxin | | | | and for | toxicity:** | | | | complications | confusion, | | | | of Heart | nausea, | | | | Failure - | vomiting, | | | | increases the | diarrhea, | | | | force of | yellow vision, | | | | heartbeat, | fatigue, fast | | | | lowers heart | or irregular | | | | rate and | heartbeat. | | | | stabilize the | **Bradycardia:* | | | | **heart's | * | | | | rhythm**. | dizziness, | | | | | feeling faint | | | | | or lightheaded, | | | | | confusion, | | | | | trouble | | | | | breathing, | | | | | unusual | | | | | weakness or | | | | | fatigue. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DOPAMINE** | 200 mg IV | **Sympathomimet | Palpitations, | | | Infusion | ic | tachycardia and | | | | agonist: | headache.  | | | | Vaso-stimulant; | | | | | inotropic | | | | | agent** | | | | | | | | | | Used in | | | | | **hypotension | | | | | in heart | | | | | failure or as a | | | | | result of a | | | | | heart attack, | | | | | bradycardia and | | | | | cardiac arrest | | | | | --** increases | | | | | the blood | | | | | pressure by | | | | | increasing | | | | | pumping | | | | | capacity of the | | | | | heart and | | | | | improving blood | | | | | flow in the | | | | | body, improves | | | | | urine output. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DOBUTAMINE** | 250 mg IV | **Sympathomimet | Hypertension, | | | Infusion | ic | tachyarrhythmia | | | | agonist: | | | | | Vaso-stimulant; | | | | | inotropic agent | | | | | Used in cardiac | | | | | decompensation* | | | | | * | | | | | (**low blood | | | | | pressure due to | | | | | poorly | | | | | functioning | | | | | heart**) due to | | | | | heart failure, | | | | | cardiogenic | | | | | shock, or heart | | | | | attack - | | | | | increases the | | | | | blood pressure | | | | | by increasing | | | | | the pumping | | | | | capacity of the | | | | | heart. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DEXTROSE | 50 ml IV | Carbohydrate | Cough, | | 50%** | | | dizziness, fast | | | | Used in | or slow | | | | hypoglycemia | heartbeat, | | | | when | headache, | | | | unconscious/ | infection at | | | | comatosed/ | the site of | | | | altered mental | injection, | | | | status -- | pains in the | | | | restores | chest, groin, | | | | circulating | or legs, | | | | blood sugar to | especially | | | | normal states. | calves of the | | | | | legs, rapid | | | | | breathing | | | | | | | | | | severe | | | | | headaches of | | | | | sudden onset | | | | | | | | | | shortness of | | | | | breath, ataxia, | | | | | sudden onset of | | | | | slurred speech | | | | | or vision | | | | | changes. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **HYDROCORTISON | 100 mg IV | **Corticosteroi | Headache, | | E** | | d** | dizziness, red | | | | | or purple | | | | Used to treat | blotches or | | | | low levels of | lines under the | | | | corticosteroids | skin | | | | by replacing | | | | | steroids that | skin | | | | are normally | depressions at | | | | produced | the injection | | | | naturally by | site | | | | the body. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DRUG NAME** | **DOSAGE** | **DRUG | **SIDE EFFECT** | | | | INDICATION** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | Reduces | extreme | | | | swelling and | tiredness, | | | | redness due to | increased | | | | **allergic | sweating | | | | reaction or | | | | | inflammation.** | muscle | | | | | weakness, | | | | | hiccups. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **HYDRALAZINE** | 20 mg/ IV | **Vasodilator** | Headache, | | | | | nausea, | | | | Used to treat | vomiting, | | | | **hypertension* | diarrhea, | | | | * | | | | | - relaxes blood | eye tearing, | | | | vessels | stuffy nose, | | | | increasing | rash | | | | blood can flow | | | | | through the | | | | | body. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **LASIX** | 40 mg/ ml | **Loop | Dizziness, dry | | | | Diuretic** | mouth, | | | | | lightheadedness | | | | **Acute | , | | | | Pulmonary | hypotension, | | | | Edema**/ | increased urine | | | | **Hypertensive | output. | | | | Crisis**/ | | | | | Increased | | | | | Intracranial | | | | | Pressure/ | | | | | Hyperkalemia or | | | | | Hypermagnesia | | | | | in cardiac | | | | | event. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **LIDNOCAINE** | 40 mg IV push | **Anaesthetic | Numbness/ | | | over 2 minutes | and | tingling, | | | | Antiarrhythmic* | drowsiness, | | | | * | seizures, | | | | | hypotension, | | | | Used to produce | respiratory | | | | regional | arrest, blurred | | | | anesthesia and | vision. | | | | as | | | | | **antiarrhythmi | | | | | c | | | | | in the | | | | | emergency | | | | | treatment** of | | | | | cardiac arrest, | | | | | ventricular | | | | | arrhythmias, or | | | | | other severe | | | | | heart | | | | | conditions. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **NOLAXONE** | 4 mg / 0.1 ml | **Narcotic | Hypertension, | | | slow push Max | Antagonist** | dysrhythmia, | | | dose 12 mg | | tachycardia, | | | | Used to | agitation, | | | | **reverse the | pulmonary | | | | effects of | edema. | | | | narcotics** | | | | | from narcotic | | | | | overdose or | | | | | used in cases | | | | | of respiratory | | | | | depression/ | | | | | unconsciousness | | | | |. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **SODIUM | 1 mEq/kg IVP | **Alkalizing | Hypoxia, | | BICARBONATE** | | Agent:** | metabolic | | | | | alkalosis, | | | | 1. Increases | seizure, | | | | pH | hypernatremia, | | | | (alkalizati | can worsen CHF. | | | | on) | | | | | in blood | | | | | and urine, | | | | | acts as a | | | | | buffer to | | | | | neutralize | | | | | acids in | | | | | blood, | | | | | | | | | | 2. Reduces | | | | | potassium | | | | | levels in | | | | | renal | | | | | patients | | | | | with | | | | | hyperkalemi | | | | | a | | | | | or having | | | | | dialysis, | | | | | | | | | | 3. Improves | | | | | coronary | | | | | perfusion | | | | | for | | | | | patients | | | | | with | | | | | cardiac | | | | | arrest when | | | | | adrenaline | | | | | is given. | | | | | | | | | | Prevents | | | | | arrhythmias, | | | | | used for | | | | | metabolic | | | | | acidosis, | | | | | prolonged | | | | | resuscitation | | | | | efforts after | | | | | ventilation or | | | | | oxygenation, | | | | | Hyperkalemia | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **VALIUM** | 10 mg | **Benzodiazepin | Ataxia, slurred | | | | e; | speech, | | | IM/ IVP | serves as a | fatigue, | | | | nerve agent** | orthostatic | | | | | hypotension, | | | | Produces | headaches, | | | | skeletal muscle | blurred vision, | | | | relaxation, | confusion. | | | | elevates | | | | | seizure | | | | | threshold. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **DRUG NAME** | **DOSAGE** | **DRUG | **SIDE EFFECT** | | | | INDICATION** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **VERAPAMIL** | 5 mg/ 2ml IVP | **Antiarrhythmi | Blurred vision, | | | | c/ | angina, | | | | Calcium Channel | confusion | | | | Blocking | | | | | Agent** | dizziness, | | | | | orthostatic | | | | Used to | hypotension, | | | | **control rapid | | | | | heartbeats or | fast/ slow/ | | | | abnormal heart | pounding/ | | | | rhythms** | irregular pulse | | | | (arrhythmia/ | | | | | SVT/ Atrial | lightheadedness | | | | Flutter/ Atrial | , | | | | Fibrillation)- | dizziness, | | | | affects the | shortness of | | | | movement of | breath, | | | | calcium into | diaphoresis, | | | | the cells of | tiredness or | | | | the heart and | weakness. | | | | blood vessels. | | | | | As a result, | | | | | the heart beats | | | | | slower and the | | | | | blood vessels | | | | | relax, thus, | | | | | increasing the | | | | | supply of blood | | | | | and oxygen to | | | | | the heart while | | | | | reducing its | | | | | workload. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **WATER FOR | The dosage | Used as a | | | INJECTION** | administered | vehicle for | | | | will be | dilution and | | | | dictated by the | reconstitution | | | | nature of the | of suitable | | | | additive used. | medicinal | | | | | products for | | | | | parenteral | | | | | administration. | | | | | | | | | | The | | | | | administration | | | | | rate will be | | | | | dependent upon | | | | | the dose | | | | | regimen of the | | | | | prescribed | | | | | drug. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+