Buck's 2023 Step-By-Step Medical Coding Workbook PDF

 WORKBOOK 2023 BUCK’S STEP-BY-STEP Medical Coding Jackie L. Koesterman, CPC Lead Technical Collaborator Coding and Reimbursement Specialist JDK Medical Coding EDU, L...

 WORKBOOK 2023 BUCK’S STEP-BY-STEP Medical Coding Jackie L. Koesterman, CPC Lead Technical Collaborator Coding and Reimbursement Specialist JDK Medical Coding EDU, LLC Grand Forks, North Dakota Elsevier 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 BUCK’S WORKBOOK FOR STEP-BY-STEP MEDICAL CODING, ISBN: 978-0-323-87406-9 2023 EDITION Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). NOTE: The 2023 ICD-10-CM and 2023 ICD-10-PCS were used in updating this text. NOTE: Current Procedural Terminology, 2023, was used in updating this text. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) is copyright 2022 American Medical Association (AMA). All rights reserved. No fee schedules, basic units, relative values, or related listings are included in CPT. The AMA assumes no liability for the data contained herein. Applicable FARS/DFARS restrictions apply to government use. Although for mechanical reasons all pages of this publication are perforated, only those pages imprinted with an Elsevier Inc. copyright notice are intended for removal. Notice Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, and 2002. Content Strategist: Laura Klein Content Development Manager: Danielle Frazier Senior Content Development Specialist: Joshua S. Rapplean Publishing Services Manager: Deepthi Unni Project Manager: Aparna Venkatachalam Senior Book Designer: Maggie Reid Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  Preface LET THIS BE YOUR GOAL: People who have accomplished worthwhile [goals] have had a very high sense of the way to do things. They have not been content with mediocrity. They have not confined themselves to the beaten tracks; they have never been satisfied to do things just as others do them, but always a little better. They always pushed things that came to their hands a little higher up, a little farther on. It is this little higher up, this little farther on, that counts in the quality of life’s work. It is the constant effort to be first class in everything one attempts that conquers the heights of excellence. Orison Swett Marden This Workbook has been developed to assist you in the application of the theoretical and practical coding knowledge presented in the textbook Step- by-Step Medical Coding. The Workbook parallels the textbook with presentation of Chapters 1 through 27 and includes ample opportunity to practice the skill of medical coding. The Workbook contains three levels of questions— theory, abbreviated patient service and diagnosis descriptions, and original reports. The first level of question is the theory question; these questions are fill-in-the-blanks, multiple choice, true or false, and matching and often include medical terminology based on the specific area of coding presented in the coding manuals. The theory information serves as the foundational knowledge necessary to correctly code services and diagnoses. The second level of question is the abbreviated patient service and diagnosis descriptions; these questions begin the practical application of coding. The descriptions are condensed statements that provide broad-based coding experience. The final level is presented at the end of most Workbook chapters and contains reports that represent more complex services and diagnosis descriptions, such as operative, pathology, radiology, and emergency services. The format for the answers has been developed to guide you in the development of your coding ability by using a format that includes four response variations:  One answer blank for coding questions that require one code for the answer.  Multiple answer blanks for coding questions that require more than one code for the answer.  Key terms next to the blank(s) to guide you through the most difficult cod- ing scenarios.  Answer blanks with preceding the blank to indicate that you must decide the number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. iii  Preface Appendix B of the Workbook now contains the full answer key. It is very important that you first complete the questions and then check your answers. The skill of medical coding can be acquired only through practice and by learning from mistakes that we all make along the way. It is from the understanding of why a service or diagnosis is coded in a certain way that you will develop a strong foundation that will serve you well throughout your coding career. Always take the time to read each code description fully, all notes connected with the code, and any applicable guidelines. It is our sincere hope that you find the material presented in the Workbook challenging, enlightening, and worth your time and effort. Do your very best, and it will show in the quality of your work. Carol J. Buck, MS Jackie L. Koesterman, CPC Some of the CPT code descriptions for physician services include physi­ cian extender services. Physician extenders, such as nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and nurse anesthetists, etc., provide medical services typically performed by a physician. Within this educational material the term “physician” may include “and other qualified health care profession­ als” depending on the code. Refer to the official CPT® code descriptions and guidelines to determine codes that are appropriate to report services provided by non-physician practitioners. iv  Contents CHAPTER 1 Reimbursement, HIPAA, and Compliance 1 CHAPTER 2 An Overview of ICD-10-CM 5 CHAPTER 3 ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines 9 CHAPTER 4 Using ICD-10-CM 15 CHAPTER 5 Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 19 CHAPTER 6 Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 11-14) 27 CHAPTER 7 Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) 33 CHAPTER 8 Introduction to CPT 39 CHAPTER 9 Introduction to the Level II National Codes (HCPCS) 43 CHAPTER 10 Modifiers 47 CHAPTER 11 Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services 51 CHAPTER 12 Anesthesia 65 CHAPTER 13 Surgery Guidelines and General Surgery 69 v  Contents CHAPTER 14 Integumentary System 73 CHAPTER 15 Musculoskeletal System 79 CHAPTER 16 Respiratory System 87 CHAPTER 17 Cardiovascular System 93 CHAPTER 18 Hemic, Lymphatic, Mediastinum, and Diaphragm 101 CHAPTER 19 Digestive System 105 CHAPTER 20 Urinary and Male Genital Systems 111 CHAPTER 21 Reproductive, Intersex Surgery, Female Genital System, and Maternity Care and Delivery 119 CHAPTER 22 Endocrine and Nervous Systems 125 CHAPTER 23 Eye, Ocular Adnexa, Auditory, and Operating Microscope 129 CHAPTER 24 Radiology 133 CHAPTER 25 Pathology/Laboratory 141 CHAPTER 26 Medicine 147 CHAPTER 27 Inpatient Coding 153 APPENDIX A Reports  159 APPENDIX B Answers  219 vi  CHAPTER 1 Reimbursement, HIPAA, and Compliance http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Without the use of reference material, answer the following: 1. What two groups of persons were added to those eligible for Medicare benefits after the initial establishment of the Medicare program? a. __________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ 2. To what government organization did the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services delegate the responsibility for administering the Medicare program? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. What government organization handles the funds for the Medicare program? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. There are three items that Medicare beneficiaries are responsible for paying before Medicare will begin to pay for services. What are these three items? ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________ 5. Medicare publishes the Medicare fee schedule and usually pays what percentage of the amounts indicated for services? ___________________ 6. The three components of work, overhead (practice expense), and malpractice are part of an RVU. What do the initials RVU stand for? ____________________________________________________________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 1  CHAPTER 1 j Reimbursement, HIPAA, and Compliance 7. According to the filing guidelines, providers must file claims for their Medicare patients within ____________ months of the date of service. 8. What editions of the Federal Register would the outpatient facilities be interested in? ___________________ and ___________________ 9. Under what act was a major change in Medicare in 1989 made possible? ____________________________________________________________________ 10. Can a physician charge a patient to complete a Medicare form? ____________ 11. Individuals covered under Medicare are termed ___________________. 12. The ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ do the paperwork for Medicare and are usually insurance companies that have bid for a contract with CMS to handle the Medicare program for a specific area. 13. Medicare Part C is also known as ____________________________________. 14. HIPAA stands for ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________. 15. The most major change to the health care industry as a result of HIPAA was as a result of what portion of the act? ____________________________ ___________________ 16. The transfer of electronic documentation is accomplished through the use of ___________________ ___________________ Interchange technology. 17. The number that is assigned to all providers as a result of HIPAA: ___________________ ___________________ Identification 18. Under the Relative Value Unit system, ___________________ values are assigned to each service and are determined on the basis of the resources necessary to the physician’s performance of the service. 19. The ___________________ charge historically was specific for each physician, but in 1993, the charge for a service was the same for all physicians within a locality, regardless of the specialty. Answers are located in Appendix B. 2 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 1 j Reimbursement, HIPAA, and Compliance 20. For co-surgeons, Medicare pays the lesser of the actual charge or ____________% of the global fee, dividing the payment equally between the two surgeons. 21. Specific regulations for Medicare are contained in the ___________________ ___________________ Manual. 22. Within an HMO, there is usually an individual who has been assigned to monitor the services provided to the patient both inside the facility and outside the facility. This person is known as the ___________________. 23. In this model of HMO, the HMO directly employs the physicians. ___________________ Model 24. In this model of HMO, the HMO contracts with the physician to provide the service at a set fee. These organizations are known as ___________________ ___________________ Associations. 25. An all-inclusive care program for the elderly that provides a comprehensive package of services that permits the client to continue to live at home is known as ___________________ for ___________________-___________________ Care for the Elderly (PACE). Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 3 This page intentionally left blank  CHAPTER 2 An Overview of ICD-10-CM http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Answer the following questions about the Overview of ICD-10-CM: 1. The CM in ICD-10-CM stands for “Clinical Modification.” True False 2. The ICD-10-CM was designed for classification of patient morbidity and mortality. True False 3. ICD-10 is widely used in Europe. True False 4. The National Center for Health Statistics is responsible for the disease classification system in the United States. True False 5. The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was issued in 1989 by the World Health Organization. True False 6. The I-10 Index presents main terms in bold type. True False 7. The I-10 contains 20 chapters. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 5  CHAPTER 2 j An Overview of ICD-10-CM 8. All I-10 codes start with a letter and can have as many as 7 characters. True False 9. The subterms in the Index modify the main term and are called essential modifiers. True False 10. In the Tabular List, italicized type is used to identify codes not sequenced as first-listed diagnosis. True  False 11. Bold type is used throughout the entire Tabular List. True  False 12. There are two tables located within the Index to Diseases and Injuries, hypertension and neoplasm. True  False 13. NOS (not otherwise specified) is the equivalent of “unspecified.” True  False 14. NEC is used when the I-10 code does not have codes that provide greater specificity. True  False Identify the format of the chapters in the ICD-10-CM, Tabular List, in the proper sequence, from first to last: 15. __________________ a. subcategory 16. __________________ b. chapter 17. __________________ c. subclassification 18. __________________ d. section 19. __________________ e. category Answers are located in Appendix B. 6 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 2 j An Overview of ICD-10-CM PRACTICAL 20. What does the Excludes1 note state under category code C50? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 21. What does the Includes note state under category code I72? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 22. Would category code H36 be sequenced as the first-listed diagnosis? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Using ICD-10-CM, Tabular List, locate the first pages of Chapter 9 and answer the following questions about the chapter: 23. The name of the chapter: ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 24. The name of the first section: ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 25. The description of the second category: _______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 26. The description of the first subcategory: _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 27. What Excludes1 note applies to the first subcategory? __________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 7  CHAPTER 2 j An Overview of ICD-10-CM Underline the main terms to be located in the Alphabetic Index in the following diagnostic statements: 28. Chronic pancreatitis 29. Anus abscess 30. Acute cholecystitis 31. Abdominal pain 32. Neonatal mastitis 33. Head mass 34. Idiopathic hypotension 35. Nutritional dwarfism 36. Liver disorder 37. Chronic fatigue 38. Sleep-related leg cramp 39. Positive skin test 40. Tight chest Answers are located in Appendix B. 8 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 3 ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Using a current copy of the ICD-10-CM Guidelines for Coding and Reporting for Outpatient Services, answer the following questions: 1. Section IV Diagnostic Coding and Reporting Guidelines for Outpatient Services take precedence over the general and disease-specific guidelines. True False 2. Always begin the search for the correct code assignment in the Alphabetic Index. True False 3. When a patient presents for outpatient surgery and the surgery is canceled, report the reason why the surgery was canceled as the first- listed diagnosis. True False 4. The codes from A00 through Z99 are always reported as first-listed diagnoses. True False 5. When a final diagnosis has not been established by the provider, it is acceptable to report codes for the presenting signs and symptoms. True False 6. External Cause codes are located in the Alphabetic Index for Diseases under External Causes. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 9  CHAPTER 3 j ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines 7. Report all conditions that coexist, even if they are not addressed or do not affect management/treatment during that encounter. True False 8. For patients receiving diagnostic services only during an encounter/ visit, sequence first the reason for the encounter/visit indicated in the medical record. True False 9. A patient with primary lung cancer with metastasis to the spine presents for radiation treatment of the spine. The first-listed diagnosis reported is the primary lung cancer. True False 10. For patients receiving preoperative evaluations, sequence first a code from the subcategory Z01.81, Encounter for preprocedural examinations, followed by findings related to the preoperative evaluation. True False 11. Routine prenatal outpatient visits for high-risk patients are reported with a first-listed diagnosis from category O09, Supervision of high-risk pregnancy. True False 12. Z codes may be reported as a principal diagnosis in the hospital setting. True False 13. Heart transplant status code Z94.1 should not be reported with a code from subcategory T86.2, Complications of heart transplant. True False 14. The External Cause codes can be reported as a first-listed diagnosis. True False 15. When a patient is admitted to observation for a complication following outpatient surgery, report the complication as the first-listed diagnosis. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. 10 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 3 j ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines PRACTICAL Assign ICD-10-CM first-listed diagnosis followed by additional diagnoses if appropriate: 16. Established 50-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease, currently receiving dialysis, is seen for acute left upper quadrant pain. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 17. Established patient with complaints of shortness of breath. Upon examination, the physician determined she needed more aggressive treatment for her current congestive heart failure. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 18. Patient is seen for unstable angina. He has a history of arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 19. Patient is seen for follow-up for hypertension. He has end-stage renal disease. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 11  CHAPTER 3 j ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines 20. Encounter for chemotherapy for prostate cancer. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 21. Patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is seen for an acute lower respiratory tract infection. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 22. Patient was scheduled for outpatient surgery for right inguinal hernia repair; however, he has a fever and a URI, and the procedure is canceled. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 23. An otherwise healthy patient is seen in the clinic for exposure to tuberculosis. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 24. Patient presents for an outpatient chest x-ray, due to chest pain with breathing. Finding later indicated: normal x-ray. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 12 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 3 j ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines 25. Patient, with known cardiovascular disease, is seen for a follow-up visit to discuss results of a cardiac perfusion study (cardiovascular function study), which was abnormal. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 26. Following outpatient surgery for a right bunionectomy for hallux valgus, the patient was admitted to observation due to an exacerbation of her asthma postprocedure. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 27. A patient presents with a contusion to the left cheek that resulted from a fistfight, initial encounter. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 28. Patient presents with a fracture of the right femur shaft due to a fall from her horse while riding, initial encounter. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 13  CHAPTER 3 j ICD-10-CM Outpatient Coding and Reporting Guidelines 29. Encounter for insulin pump titration. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 30. Patient in her second trimester is seen for a regular prenatal visit. She has a history of ectopic pregnancy. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 31. Twin born via vaginal delivery, liveborn in the hospital. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 32. Encounter for change of nephrostomy tube. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 33. A patient was seen for an abrasion of the left upper arm, initial encounter. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 34. Established patient is seen for hypertension, and a prescription is refilled for psoriasis. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnosis: ____________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ 35. A patient who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day and suffers with chronic pulmonary disease is seen in follow-up for acute bronchitis. First-listed Diagnosis: ________________________________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________ Other Diagnoses: _________________________, _________________________ ICD-10-CM Code: ___________________, _________________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 14 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 4 Using ICD-10-CM http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Without the use of reference material, answer the following: 1. An example of a late effect is hemorrhage after a surgery requiring a return to the operating room. True False 2. You may report a code from the Index without verifying in the Tabular when there is no indication that the code requires additional characters. True False 3. If a patient has a confirmed diagnosis, the signs and symptoms related to that condition should also be reported. True False 4. If the same condition is described as both acute and chronic, and separate subentries exist in the Alphabetic Index at the same indentation level, report both codes and sequence the acute code first. True False 5. A dash (-) at the end of an Index entry indicates that an additional character or characters is/are required. True False 6. Cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis without obstruction (K80.10) is an example of a dual code. True False 7. A code is invalid if it has not been reported to the full number of characters available, including the 7th character, if applicable. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 15  CHAPTER 4 j Using ICD-10-CM 8. In most cases the manifestation codes will have in the code title “in diseases classified elsewhere.” True False 9. A late effect usually occurs within 1 month of the illness or injury. True False 10. In diabetic retinopathy, the retinopathy is the etiology and the diabetes is the manifestation. True False 11. In the outpatient setting, it is correct to report a “probable” condition as if it exists, such as probable appendicitis as appendicitis. True False 12. When sequencing codes for residuals and late effects, the late effect code is sequenced first followed by a code describing the residual condition. True False 13. Section II of the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting includes instructions on outpatient coding and reporting. True False 14. Diagnosis codes are always reported to the highest number of characters available. True False 15. The cooperating parties for the development and approval of the Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting are CMS, AMA, and NCHS. True False 16. List two common symptoms associated with acute myocardial infarction. ___________________ ___________________ 17. List two common symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux. ___________________ ___________________ 18. List two common symptoms associated with seasonal allergies. ___________________ ___________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 16 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 4 j Using ICD-10-CM 19. List two symptoms of a broken nose. ___________________ ___________________ Identify the Residual and Cause of the following diagnoses: 20. Acute renal failure due to previous viral encephalitis. Residual: ___________________________________________________________ Cause: _____________________________________________________________ 21. Constrictive pericarditis due to old tuberculosis infection. Residual: ___________________________________________________________ Cause: _____________________________________________________________ 22. Hemiplegia/hemiparesis affecting right dominant side due to cerebrovascular accident 4 months ago. Residual: ___________________________________________________________ Cause: _____________________________________________________________ PRACTICAL Using the ICD-10-CM, code the following: 23. Acute and chronic sinusitis. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 24. Acute and chronic tonsillitis. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 25. Pneumoconiosis due to lime dust. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 26. Neuritis due to herniation of nucleus pulposus. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 27. Pneumonitis due to Hemophilus influenzae. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 28. Patient has unstable angina. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 17  CHAPTER 4 j Using ICD-10-CM 29. Threatened shock, patient is hypotensive. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 30. Adult osteomalacia due to malnutrition. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 31. Pancreatitis, acute and chronic. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 32. Systemic lupus erythematosus causing endocarditis. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 33. Vitamin D–resistant rickets. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 34. Febrile complex convulsions with status epilepticus. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 35. Ascites in alcoholic hepatitis, alcohol use unspecified. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 18 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 5 Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Answer the following questions about the overview of ICD-10-CM: 1. Combination coding is when one code fully describes the conditions and/or manifestations. True False 2. For hemiplegia and hemiparesis and other paralytic syndromes, report the right side as dominant if the documentation does not specify which side is dominant. True False 3. When reporting an infection, other than Staphylococcus aureus, that is antibiotic resistant, report the infection first followed by a code from category Z16, Infection with drug resistant microorganisms. True False 4. Diabetes mellitus codes are combination codes that include the type of diabetes as well as the body system involved and complications affecting the body system. True False 5. Methicillin-resistant Streptococcus aureus is also referred to as MRSA. True False 6. For reporting purposes, urosepsis is not considered sepsis. True False 7. If the medical documentation indicates the patient has two conditions that are both included in one diagnosis code, report that diagnosis code only once. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 19  CHAPTER 5 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 8. Multiple coding is when it takes more than one code to fully describe the condition, circumstance, or manifestation. True False 9. When the histological type of neoplasm is documented, reference the Alphabetic Index first rather than going immediately to the Neoplasm Table. True False 10. SIRS is the diagnosis when all of the following are diagnosed: hypothermia or fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, increased or decreased white blood count. True False 11. Viral hepatitis codes are divided based on the type of hepatitis and if the condition is with or without hepatic coma. True False 12. If a patient is admitted with pneumonia and while hospitalized develops severe sepsis, you would report the pneumonia first, followed by the severe sepsis. True False 13. When an encounter is for treatment of anemia due to a malignancy, the first-listed diagnosis would be the malignancy, followed by the anemia. True False 14. An “Uncertain” neoplasm is one that is not clearly benign or malignant. True False 15. Septic shock is considered organ failure. True False 16. Hepatitis A was formerly known as infectious or epidemic hepatitis. True False 17. Epiphora is a blockage of the lacrimal passage. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. 20 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 5 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 18. When reporting hypertensive chronic kidney disease, an additional code to report the type of chronic kidney disease is not required. True False 19. A Q-wave or transmural myocardial infarction, also known as STEMI, is the most severe type of infarction. True False 20. Only confirmed cases of COVID-19 can be reported. True False PRACTICAL Using the ICD-10-CM, code the following: 21. Acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure due to sepsis. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________, _______________ 22. A patient with early onset Alzheimer’s progresses to combative behavior. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 23. Patient with known hepatitis B seen in the clinic complaining of joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and weakness and fatigue. He is admitted to the hospital for severe dehydration. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 24. An obstetric patient in her third trimester of pregnancy is admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia due to AIDS. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 25. Lung abscess due to MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 26. Patient presents for HIV screening; patient is asymptomatic. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 27. Patient presents for follow-up exam following reconstructive surgery to repair hypospadias. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 21  CHAPTER 5 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 28. Initial encounter for a 45-year-old woman receiving her first cycle of chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is seen in the emergency room for severe nausea and vomiting due to the chemotherapy. She is admitted for dehydration. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 29. Patient seen in an outpatient clinic with ascites due to disseminated malignant neoplasm. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 30. Hypertensive heart disease, with congestive heart failure. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 31. Patient seen for cellulitis of left lower leg. He is a type 2 diabetic controlled with oral medications. The cellulitis has elevated his blood glucose, and the physician elects to treat with sliding-scale insulin regimen. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 32. A 62-year-old man admitted to the hospital from the emergency room diagnosed with a transmural Q wave infarction. He has ASHD and had a pacemaker placed 5 years ago. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 33. Patient seen in consult by a high-risk obstetrician. She is 2 months pregnant and was diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of the left breast. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 34. Initial encounter for a patient with sepsis due to a blood transfusion. He has hemophilia. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 35. Patient with anemia due to prostate cancer. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 36. Patient is admitted for chemotherapy for primary liver cancer. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 37. Patient admitted to hospital for bowel obstruction. This patient is also hypertensive with chronic kidney disease, stage 5. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 22 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 5 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 38. Patient is following up at her oncologist’s office for treatment options of metastatic cancer to right axillary lymph nodes. She has a history of right upper-outer quadrant breast cancer, still receiving treatment. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 39. Patient underwent a biopsy of the brain. The pathology report indicates secondary cancer from the primary site of the breast. The patient had a left mastectomy 5 years ago and currently receives no treatment for breast cancer. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 40. Patient underwent fulguration of malignant bladder tumors. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 41. Patient with polycythemia vera presented to an outpatient clinic for a phlebotomy. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 42. A 45-year-old man seen in the office with suspected contact with COVID-19. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 43. Initial encounter for failure of insulin pump causing an overdose of insulin and hypoglycemic coma. The patient is a type 1 diabetic. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 44. Patient diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 45. Patient admitted to the hospital for resection of a malignant lung tumor from the right upper lobe. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 46. A man arrested for disorderly conduct is brought to the emergency room. He is a known alcoholic-dependent patient. Alcohol blood level indicates intoxication. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 47. Patient with chest pain is admitted to the hospital. He is diagnosed with acute Q wave myocardial infarction. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 23  CHAPTER 5 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 48. Initial encounter for cardiac arrest due to cocaine dependence. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 49. Schizophrenic with disorderly conduct noncompliant with his medications. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 50. Delirium tremors due to withdrawal from cocaine dependence. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 51. Meningitis caused by measles. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 52. Mononeuropathy of right lower limb due to diabetes, type 2. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 53. Polyneuropathy and arthritis due to syphilis. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 54. Streptococcal arthritis. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 55. Patient admitted with left hemiplegia and cerebral palsy for evaluation for possible baclofen pump to treat spasticity. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. 56. Bilateral sensorineural deafness following bacterial meningitis. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 57. Ménière’s disease. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 58. Right carotid stenosis causing a cerebral infarct. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. Answers are located in Appendix B. 24 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 5 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 1-10) 59. Acute pulmonary edema due to left heart failure. Patient now intubated and on a respirator. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ REPORTS In Appendix A of this workbook you will find a section titled Reports, which contains original reports. Read the report indicated below and supply the appropriate ICD-10-CM codes on the following lines: 60. Report 7 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 61. Report 9 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 62. Report 19 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 63. Report 20 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 64. Report 34 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 65. Report 39 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 66. Report 40 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 67. Report 42 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 68. Report 44 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 69. Report 90 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 25 This page intentionally left blank  CHAPTER 6 Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 11-14) http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Answer the following questions about the ICD-10-CM Guidelines for Coding and Reporting for Outpatient Services: 1. Includes and Excludes notes are only listed in the Tabular of the ICD-10-CM. True False 2. Chapter 12, Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue, describes diseases or conditions of the integumentary and musculoskeletal systems. True False 3. In the ICD-10-CM, pressure ulcers are graded and reported based on the depth of the ulcer. True False 4. Code range M00-M02 reports infectious arthropathies due to infections that are direct or indirect. True False 5. Chapter 13 of the ICD-10-CM Guidelines for Coding and Reporting indicates the 7th character D is assigned as long as the patient is receiving active treatment for a fracture. True False 6. The two types of indirect infections are reactive and postinfective arthropathy. True False 7. To report a hemorrhage, active bleeding must be present. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 27  CHAPTER 6 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 11-14) 8. The categories in Chapter 11, Diseases of the Digestive System, begin when food enters the mouth and continue to when it leaves the body through the anus. True False 9. Conditions affecting the nails, sweat glands, and hair are located in Chapter 12. True False 10. The “Code first” note directs the coder to report first the underlying disease. True False PRACTICAL Using the ICD-10-CM, code the following: 11. Patient is seen for erosion of the teeth due to diet. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 12. Abscess of the salivary glands. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 13. Hemorrhage of the fallopian tube. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 14. Chronic prostatitis with hematuria. ICD-10-CM Codes: ________________, ________________ 15. Cellulitis of female external genital organs. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 16. Stiffness of the right wrist. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 17. Congenital paraphimosis. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 18. Submandibular abscess. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 28 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 6 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 11-14) 19. Secondary amenorrhea. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 20. Ligament disorder of the right foot joint. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 21. Patient suffers a nontraumatic hematoma of the soft tissue. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 22. Old sacroiliac joint lesion. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 23. Inflammatory polyps of colon with intestinal obstruction. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 24. Hypertrophic scar. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 25. Chronic ulcer of the right thigh, non-pressure, with exposure of fat layer. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 26. Acute recurrent sialoadenitis. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 27. Unilateral internal inguinal hernia with gangrene, recurrent. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 28. Acute osteomyelitis of the right radius and ulna. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 29. Chronic nephritic syndrome with focal glomerulonephritis. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 30. Patient with end-stage renal disease, currently on hemodialysis. ICD-10-CM Codes: ________________, ________________ 31. Infected pilonidal fistula with abscess. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 29  CHAPTER 6 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 11-14) 32. Cradle cap. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 33. Interstitial myositis of the left lower leg. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 34. Abnormal uterine bleeding unrelated to menstrual cycle. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 35. Systemic lupus erythematosus with lung involvement. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ 36. Staphylococcus aureus arthritis of right carpal bones. ICD-10-CM Codes: ________________, ________________ 37. Streptococcal group B arthritis of the metacarpus and phalanges, left hand. ICD-10-CM Codes: ________________, ________________ 38. Endometriosis of the left ovary and fallopian tube. ICD-10-CM Codes: ________________, ________________ 39. Patient is seen for a foreign body granuloma of the soft tissue, right upper arm. ICD-10-CM Code: ________________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. 40. Localized acute appendicitis with peritonitis with perforation of appendix. ICD-10-CM Code(s): ________________ 41. Chronic abscess of the areola of the right breast, unrelated to the puerperium. ICD-10-CM Code(s): ________________ 42. Cyst of the Bartholin’s gland. ICD-10-CM Code(s): ________________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. Answers are located in Appendix B. 30 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 6 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 11-14) REPORTS In Appendix A of this workbook you will find a section titled Reports, which contains original reports. Read the reports indicated below and supply the appropriate ICD-10-CM codes on the following lines: 43. Report 6 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 44. Report 8 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 45. Report 10 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 46. Report 11 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 47. Report 12 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 48. Report 13 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 49. Report 14 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 50. Report 15 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 51. Report 31 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 52. Report 32 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 53. Report 33 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 54. Report 35 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 55. Report 38 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 56. Report 41 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 57. Report 43 ICD-10-CM Code(s): ____________ 58. Report 91 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _____________ 59. Report 92 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _____________ 60. Report 93 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _____________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 31 This page intentionally left blank  CHAPTER 7 Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Answer the following questions about the ICD-10-CM Guidelines for Coding and Reporting for Outpatient Services: 1. Codes from Chapter 17, Congenital Anomalies, can be reported any time during a person’s life, as appropriate. True False 2. Chapter 15 codes are never reported on the mother’s record. True False 3. The first-listed diagnosis for a routine outpatient prenatal visit is a code from category Z34, Encounter for supervision of normal pregnancy. True False 4. The outcome of delivery is reported only on the newborn’s record. True False 5. The third trimester is considered 28 weeks 0 days from the first day of LMP until delivery occurs. True False 6. A hydatidiform mole is a tumor that only forms in the uterus. True False 7. When there is an encounter for a complication and no delivery occurred, report the complication as the first-listed condition. True False Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 33  CHAPTER 7 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) 8. When coding the birth episode in a newborn record, assign a code from Category Z38, Liveborn infants, according to place of birth and type of delivery, as the first-listed diagnosis. True False 9. ICD-10-CM contains combination codes that identify only definitive diagnoses. True False 10. The aftercare Z codes should not be reported for aftercare of injuries. True False 11. Multiple fractures are sequenced in accordance to the location of the fracture. True False 12. Corrosions are a result of a chemical contact and are classified by the depth, extent, and corrosive agent. True False 13. You would assign an adverse effect code when a drug that was correctly prescribed and administered resulted in an adverse effect. True False 14. When reporting multiple burns, sequence first the code that reports the highest degree of burn. True False 15. Functional quadriplegia is the lack of ability to use one’s limbs and is not associated with neurologic deficit or injury. True False With the use of reference material, answer the following: 16. When assigning one of the O10 codes that include hypertensive heart disease or hypertensive chronic kidney disease, it is necessary to add a ___________________ code from the appropriate hypertension category to specify the type of heart failure or chronic kidney disease. 17. A(n) ___________________ is an abnormality of a structure or organ. Answers are located in Appendix B. 34 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 7 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) 18. A(n) ___________________ is defined as objective evidence of a disease that can be observed by the physician. A(n) ___________________ is a subjective observation reported by the patient. 19. One method to locate abnormal findings in the Index of the I-10 is to reference the main term ___________________ and subterm by specific test. 20. Most categories in Chapter 19 of the ICD-10 have 7th character extensions. Most categories in this chapter have three extensions (with the exception of fractures): A, initial encounter, D, subsequent encounter, and ___________________, sequela. 21. A patient presents with second- and third-degree burns of the arm. What is the only degree of burn reported? ___________________________________________________________________ 22. According to the guidelines on poisoning, ___________________ refers to taking less of a medication than is prescribed by a provider. 23. Codes from Chapter ___________________ of the Tabular of the I-10 report symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings. 24. Chapter ___________________ of the Tabular of the I-10 is probably the most difficult chapter from which to report diagnoses due to the complexity of coding. 25. According to the guidelines, when sequencing multiple fractures, sequence in accordance with the ___________________ of the fracture. PRACTICAL Using the ICD-10-CM, code the following: 26. Induced abortion complicated by endometritis. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 27. Abrasion of the left upper arm, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 28. Hepatomegaly. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 35  CHAPTER 7 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) 29. Anaphylactic shock, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 30. Failure to gain weight, child. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 31. Pelvic peritonitis following ectopic pregnancy without intrauterine pregnancy. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 32. Initial encounter of a patient transported to emergency department. Patient died from cardiac arrest due to an accidental overdose from heroin abuse. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________, _______________ 33. Concealed penis. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 34. Crush syndrome, subsequent encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 35. A 24-year-old woman at 32 weeks’ gestation has hypotension. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ 36. Newborn with cellulitis of the navel with mild hemorrhage. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 37. Inability to swallow. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 38. Absence of bowel sounds. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 39. Sprain, left ankle, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 40. Newborn with primary obstructive sleep apnea. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 41. First- and second-degree burn, right hand, subsequent encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ Answers are located in Appendix B. 36 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 7 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) 42. Partial traumatic amputation of the left index finger, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 43. Patient with persistent proteinuria. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 44. Accidental overdose of ibuprofen [NSAID], initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 45. Hematoma of the nose, subsequent encounter. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 46. Newborn female delivered in the hospital by cesarean delivery. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 47. Fragile X syndrome. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 48. Anemia due to prematurity of infant. ICD-10-CM Code: _______________ 49. A 26-year-old woman at 30 weeks’ gestation with quadruplets. ICD-10-CM Codes: _______________, _______________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. 50. Unexplained death, prior to entering health care facility. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 51. Tremors due to accidental overdose of monoamine oxidase, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 52. Nausea and vomiting. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. Answers are located in Appendix B. Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc. 37  CHAPTER 7 j Chapter-Specific Guidelines (ICD-10-CM Chapters 15-22) 53. Blister of the right wrist, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 54. Acute gastritis with bleeding due to adverse effect of omeprazole, initial encounter. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 55. Subsequent encounter for fracture, right clavicle, with delayed healing. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 56. Positive occult blood in stools. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 57. Adult with respiratory distress and extreme fatigue. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 58. Vaginal pain. ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ REPORTS In Appendix A of this workbook you will find a section titled Reports, which contains original reports. Read the reports indicated below and supply the appropriate ICD-10-CM codes on the following lines: 59. Report 28 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 60. Report 36 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 61. Report 40 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 62. Report 94 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ 63. Report 95 ICD-10-CM Code(s): _______________ User to decide number of codes necessary to correctly answer the question. Answers are located in Appendix B. 38 Copyright © 2023 by Elsevier Inc.  CHAPTER 8 Introduction to CPT http://evolve.elsevier.com/Buck/step THEORY Without the use of reference material, complete the following: There were six index location methods presented in Chapter 8. List any four of the methods. 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________ 3. _____________________ 4. _____________________