Forensic Photography Lecture Module 1 PDF

FORENSIC SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM PHOTOGRAPHY LECTURE MODULE 1 Introduction and History of Forensic Photography 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM TAB...

FORENSIC SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM PHOTOGRAPHY LECTURE MODULE 1 Introduction and History of Forensic Photography 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 04 COURSE LEARNING LEARNING PLAN COURSE DESCRIPTION OUTCOMES FOR MIDTERM POLICIES AND AND FINAL REQUIREMENTS PERIODS 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM LEARNING OUTCOMES 50MM F-0.95  SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM LEARNING CLO1 OUTCOMES Understand photography as applied to criminal justice system and discuss the history of forensic photography. TLO1 TLO2 TLO3 TLO4 TLO5 Define Explain the Enumerate the Identify advances Narrate the photography, police significance of duties and in photographic beginnings photography, and photography in functions of a technology during of forensic forensic law enforcement forensic the nineteenth imaging. photography. and police work. photographer. century. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM LESSON CONTENT A B C History and The essential and Identification of development of basic parts of the camera parts – camera and its camera and its manual model accessories functions 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM LESSON PROPER 50MM F-0.95 MODULE 1 Introduction and History of Forensic Photography  PHOTOGRAPHY Derived from the Greek word “Phos” or “Photos” which means “light” and “Grapho” means “Writing” or “Graphia” meaning “to draw”. Sir John F. W. Herschel coined the word photography when he first wrote a letter to Henry Fox Talbot. Literally, photography means “to draw with light”. The light “writes” when it strikes minute crystals of light- sensitive chemical compounds in the film causing very subtle change in the crystals. Photography is a technological invention that has become the most universal means of communication and artistic expression the world has known. It overcomes the barrier of language difference. PHOTOGRAPHY It is an art or science that deals with the reproduction of image through the action of light, upon sensitized materials (film or paper) with the aid of camera and its accessories, and the chemical process involved therein.  PHOTOGRAPH PICTURE Is the mechanical and Derived from the Latin word chemical(positive) result of “pictura” or “pictus” which means photography. “to paint”. Picture and photograph are not the It is design or representation made same for the picture is a generic by various means such as painting, term is refers to all kind of image drawing, or photography. while photograph is an image that can only be a product of photography.  POLICE FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTOGRAPHY Is an art or science which deals with the Is the art or science of photographically study of the principles of photography, documenting a crime scene and evidence the preparation of photographic for laboratory examination and analysis evidence, and its application to police for purposes of court trial. The field work. covering the legal application of photography in criminal jurisprudence and criminal investigation. It is that branch of forensic science  FORENSIC CRIMINALISTICS SCIENCE The application of principles of The application of the principles of various science to law. various science in solving problems in It is a course or a group of subjects connection with the administration which uses principles of various of justice. studies that would dive light to A branch of forensic science that certain legal issues. deals with physical evidence that must be collected preserved, examined and compared in other to serve the ends of justice.  FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY It is that branch of forensic science dealing with the: TECHNICAL - technical concepts and principles ⚬ Study of the fundamental but pragmatic principles/ concept of which includes characteristics of photographic photography. rays, the use of camera, lenses, filters, structure ⚬ Application of photography in law enforcement; and of film and photographic papers, chemical ⚬ Preparation of photographic evidence needed by prosecutor processing, and others. and courts of law. FORENSIC - covers investigative photography,  PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY To start with light, it is designed for exposure or recording of the 1 image of the object being photographed during picture taking and printmaking process in an emulsion of sensitized materials in a form of latent image, without light recording of images in an light emulsion of film and photographic paper is impossible to be happened.  PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY Second, the sensitized materials which includes the film and photographic paper, their emulsion is sensitive to light because 2 of silver halides and that sensitivity can be recorded of an image with controlling of light reaching on it to avoid under or over exposed but in fact to produce normal exposed, the film is sensitized loaded in the film holder of the camera during opening of materials shutter at a given point of time upon pressing the shutter release button.  PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY The light will then bring the latent image of the object in an emulsion of film and produce negative copy after processing in 2 the chemicals, which will become the basis of making a positive copy. On the other hand, the sensitized material used in printmaking to produce positive copy or photograph is called sensitized photographic paper. materials  PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY Third, the mechanical which means all the gadgets use in 3 photography such as camera with its accessories, enlarger machine, contact printer, etc. the camera is used to produce negative copy and enlarger machine or contact camera printer is utilized for making of positive or photograph. and its accessories  PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY And the fourth, the chemical which includes: developer, stop bath and fixer. After the exposure of film and photographic paper, the image in the emulsion is not yet visible and permanent. It requires 4 chemical processing to make it visible and permanent. The exposed film after the chemical processing is called negative copy (the partial chemical product of photography) while exposed photographic paper is called positive copy or photograph (the finished product of photography.) MODULE 1 PERSONALITIES  a great personality on optics in Middle ages who lived around 1000AD invented the first pinhole camera (also called the camera obscura) and was able to explain the images were upside down. Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haythman)  TRUE PHOTOGRAPHY WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY THREE (3) MEN JOSEPH NICEPHORE NIEPCE LOUIS JACQUES MANDE WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT DAGUERRE He invented a the man who perfected He patents the “CALOTYPE” photographic process photography’s chemical process, later called processing. DAGUERREOTYPE TALBOTYPE – negatives on which he called (1889)– the first practical paper sensitized with silver "heliography" meaning photography process. iodine and silver nitrate. "writing of the sun"  Developed his process called "HELIOGRAPHY) which literally means "sun writing" a technique used to produce the world oldest surviving photograph in 1825. Lithography- attempt to take photograph with the use of camera of obscura. Bitumen and lavender oil 1829- Collaboration to Daguerre and developed the "PHYSAUTOTYPE" a process that used lavender JOSEPH NICEPHORE oil. NIEPCE  Father of Photography perfected photography’s chemical processing DAGUERREOTYPE (1889)– the first practical photography process. Image was made permanent by the use of “HYPO” HYPO – an anti-staining agent like acetic acid, a preservative like sodium sulfite, and a hardening agent like potassium alum (sodium thiosulfate) LOUIS JACQUES MANDE DAGUERRE  1840 – discovered the method of developing paper negative images that greatly reduces the exposure required in the camera. He patents the “CALOTYPE” process, later called TALBOTYPE – negatives on paper sensitized with silver iodine and silver nitrate. These were contact but DAGUERREOTYPE was better. CALOTYPE creates permanent (negative) image using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with salt solution. Henry Fox Talbot Talbot created positive images by contact printing onto other sheet of paper.  first PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMIST Popularized the word “photography” derives from the Greek words “phos” or “photos” which means Light and “grapho” means writing or “graphia” meaning to draw. He suggested the terms “NEGATIVE” and “POSITIVE” to distinguish the key stages of the JOHN F. W. HERSCHEL photographic image and coined the word “SNAPSHOTS”.  Developed his process called "HELIOGRAPHY) which literally means "sun writing" a technique used to produce the world oldest surviving photograph in 1825. Lithography- attempt to take photograph with the use of camera of obscura. Bitumen and lavender oil 1829- Collaboration to Daguerre and developed the "PHYSAUTOTYPE" a process that used lavender THOMAS WEDGWOOD oil. and HUMPHREY DAVY  ·founded the Eastman Kodak company and invented roll film, helping bring photography to the mainstream. Eastman created the Kodak camera, which was similar the one pictured above. The box consisted of a fixed focus lens and one single shutter speed. The camera was equipped with enough film for 100 pictures and required Kodak to process the photographs and reload the film at the end of each roll. These cameras were priced surprisingly low and this invention was the beginning mass marketed GEORGE EASTMAN photography. MODULE 1 USES OF PHOTOGRAPHY POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY Is the application of the principles of photography is relation to the police work and in the administration of justice. sjmendoza USES OF PHOTOGRAPHY 1. Personal Identification 2. For Communication 3. For Record Purposes 4. For Preservation 5. For Discovering and Proving 6. For Court Exhibits 7. Crime Prevention 8. Police Training 9. Reproduction and Copying sjmendoza Personal Identification Personal identification is considered to be the first application of photography in police work. Photography is used to identify criminals, missing persons, lost property, licenses, anonymous letters and civilian personal fingerprints. Alphonse Bertillion was the first police who utilized photography in police work as a supplementary identification in his Anthropometry system. sjmendoza For Communication Photograph is considered to be one of the most universal method of communication considering that no other language can be known universally than photograph. sjmendoza For Record Purposes Considered to be the utmost used of photography in police work. Crime scenes, traffic accidents, homicides suicides, fires, objects of evidence, latent fingerprint traces can be presented in court as evidence by means of photography. Evidence can be improved by contrast control, by magnification and by visible radiation. sjmendoza Different Views in Photographing General View (long-range) Medium view (medium range) Close-up View (Short range/ mug shot) Extreme Close-up View sjmendoza  PHOTOGRAPHY- It is an art or science that deals with the CRIME SCENE reproduction of image through the action of light, upon sensitized materials (film or paper) with the aid of camera PHOTOGRAPHY and its accessories, and the chemical process involved therein. Different Views in Photographing General View (long-range)- taking an over-all view of the scene of the crime. It shows direction and location of the crime scene. Medium view (medium range) – is the taking of the scene of the crime by dividing it into section. This view will best view of the nature of the crime. sjmendoza Different Views in Photographing Close-up View (Short range/ mug shot) – is the taking of individual photograph of the evidence at the scene of the crime. It is design to show the details of the crime. Extreme Close-up View- commonly designed in laboratory photographing using some magnification such as photomacrography and photomicrography sjmendoza For Preservation Crime scene and other physical evidence requires photograph for preservation purposes. Crime scene cannot be retain as is for a long period of time but through photograph the initial condition of the scene of the crime can be preserved properly. sjmendoza For Discovering and Proving Photography can be extended human vision in discovering and proving things such as: a. The use of magnification b. Used of artificial light Used of Artificial Light such as X-ray, Ultra-violet and Infra-red rays to show something which may not be visible with the aid of human eye alone. sjmendoza For Discovering and Proving a. The use of magnification Photomicrography Photomacrogaphy Microphotography Macrophotography Telephotography sjmendoza The used of magnification Photomicrography – taking a magnified photograph of small object through attaching camera to the ocular of a compound microscope so as to show a minute details of the physical evidence. Photomacrogaphy – taking a magnified (enlarged) photograph of small object by attaching an extended tube lens (macro lens) to the camera. sjmendoza The used of magnification Microphotography - is the process of reducing into a small strips of film a scenario. It is first used in film making. Macrophotography – used synonymously with photomacrography. Telephotography – is the process of taking photograph of a far object with the aid of a long focus and telephoto lens. sjmendoza PROCESS PRODUCT (MAGNIFIED PHOTOGRAPH) Photomicrography Show minutes details Photomacrography Enlarged photograph Microphotography Reduced image Telephotography Image of far distance object sjmendoza For Court Exhibits Almost all evidence presented in court before formally be accepted requires that they satisfy the basic requirements for admissibility which is relevancy is usually proved by proving the origin of the evidence and its relation to the case and this is usually supplemented by photograph of the evidence giving reference as to where it came from. Ideal size for court presentation is about 5”x7” for the enlargement purposes. sjmendoza Crime Prevention With the used of video camera (hidden camera) and other advanced photographic equipment crime are being detected more easily and even to the extent of preventing them from initially occurring. sjmendoza Police Training Modern facilities are now being used as instructional material not only in police training as well as in other agencies. sjmendoza Reproduction and Copying With the use of photography any number of reproduction of the evidence can be made those giving unlimited opportunity for its examination and even allow other experts or person to examine the specimen without compromising the original. sjmendoza SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM FOUR PRIMARY USES OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN POLICE WORK 01 02 03 04 As means of As a method of To present, in the As training and identification discovering, courtroom, an public relations recording, and impression of the medium for police preserving pertinent elements programs evidence. of the crime 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Forensic Photography in Accident Investigation 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Tire Impressions In most vehicular accidents, photographs of the tire impressions will suffice, and casting will no longer be required. Any skid marks should be photographed on to show the direction the vehicle was travelling and side on how show their length. The photograph will not only show the spend of the vehicle but will also show when the driver applied brakes as he perceived danger. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Hit and Run In vehicular versus pedestrian case, a photograph of the trail of the pedestrians on the blood on the tread marks will not only establish the direction the hit in run vehicle is traveling but also makes the trend pattern more conspicuous and identifiable. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Hit and Run 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Forensic Photography in the Investigation of Crimes against Persons 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Homicide The body should be not be moved nor touched as little as possible. If the body is in such as position that enables you to circle around it, photograph from head to feet first, then finally, from the left side of the victim. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Suicide Suicide is very difficult to ascertain thus the case is initially marked as suspicious death. It is classified as suicide if evidence lead toward self-inflicted death. If the suicide is by shooting, photographs the entrance and exit of the wounds 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Assault In assault cases, the victim is alive and usually willing to cooperate with the investigators. In cases, however, where the victim does not know his assailant, the police files of common criminal or the mug files can help the victim identify his assailant. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Rape Photograph of the victim needs written consent. Photograph all injuries sustained by the victim. Photograph clothes and trace evidence such are fibers, foreign hairs, seminal stains, using lens, then submit to the criminalistics laboratory for photomicrography and chemical analysis. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Forensic Photography in the Investigation of Crimes against Property 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Robbery Photographing the entrance and exit ways begin with a distant shot followed by close-up shots to show forcible entry. Photographs should be taken of all tool marks to show the general relationship of the mark with respect to the room or area or where found. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM Fires and Arson Photography should begin even before the arrival of the fire trucks. The record of the fire begins much as possible from the onset of the fire. A particular problem of the photographer will be fogging of the lenses. At best, he should take photos at a distance and use a telephoto lens. 50MM F-0.95 SLIDESGO PHOTOGRAPHY CO SLIDESGOPHOTO.COM End of Module 1 THANKS Do you have any questions? [email protected] +63 961 639 4369 Ivan Daen Genoza (FB/Messenger) Slidesgo CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Flaticon Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution 50MM F-0.95