Unit 5 Geology Study Guide 2024 PDF

Unit 5 Geology Unit – Step 1- Make 48 Index Cards with definitions on back for words in bold first, Step 2- Answer the 18 Questions below in blue under each question and have them ready in class. Major Topic- Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, & earthquakes impact the lithospher...

Unit 5 Geology Unit – Step 1- Make 48 Index Cards with definitions on back for words in bold first, Step 2- Answer the 18 Questions below in blue under each question and have them ready in class. Major Topic- Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, & earthquakes impact the lithosphere. Question 1-Draw the rock cycle in detail and make sure to label transitions. Describe the formation and destruction of the three rock types. Question 2- Provide 3 examples and mineral composition of a sedimentary rock, igneous rock and metamorphic rock (pg 74-84) Crystals form slower and bigger if rock cools inside of the Earth. Igneous - fine grained and course grained. Question 3- Draw mantle convection (in the asthenosphere and how continental plates are moved. How do the lithospheric plates move? Slab Pull & Ridge Push (pg 269 in ESB), Keywords: convection cells, magma subduction is slab pull divergent and the ridge push convergent is along convection. lithosphere is what we’re standing on and the asthenosphere is whats is floating around; plates move only because of slab pull and ridge push that's how they move. Question 4- Draw the mid-Atlantic Ocean ridge that shows paleomagnetism and reversals over time. What are the 4 types of evidence (pg 248) that support Wegener’s theory of plate tectonics? rock types, glacial till, puzzle-like continents, and climate change. paleomagnetism is when magma cools there is magnic properties in the rocks and wherever north is where the rocks move; which makes divergent boundaries 2 Question 5- What is the difference between relative dating and absolute dating? Era, Period, Epoch, fossil 3 Question 6- Draw the directions (pg 256 in ESB) of two tectonic plates that form an active margin and an example of passive margin. Terms- Volcanic Island Arc and Continental Volcanic Arc (pg 318-319 ESB). Keywords: ocean trench, mid-ocean ridge, divergent boundary, transform boundary, convergent boundary (3 types pg 318-320 ESB), continental rift valley (ex- Rhine in Germany or East Africa pg 259) active margin is when it’s constantly moving and they have lots of activity like earthquakes and volcanoes. a passive si the opposite 4 Question 7- Map the Pacific Ring of Fire perimeter and explain how the location of volcanoes relates to plate boundaries. Compare and contrast magma and lava. not all volcanoes border around plate boundaries but most do and if not it’s because of a hot spot. Question 8- Research how a specific volcanic eruption (include date, location, lat/long, impact etc) affected the lithosphere and the atmosphere? Define lahar (mud flow) and pyroclastic material. Question 9- Draw, define and provide an example (location, lat/long, latest eruption, dormant/active) for the 3 volcano types; cinder cone, composite cone and shield (pg284 in ESB). Question 10- Describe the anatomy of an earthquake and relate to the different types of plate boundaries. Question 11- Select a past earthquake and draw the epicenter and focus (include year, country, lat/long, strength on Richter scale or Moment Magnitude Scale, deaths and other impacts) Elastic Rebound Theory 5 Question 12- Paste and explain a graph on P-seismic wave speed, S-seismic wave and surface seismic waves (pg224) Question 13- Summarize the geologic history of North Carolina. Draw and explain how the Appalachian Mountains formed (multi step process pg ES 14 in ESB). Question 14- Draw and explain how barrier islands like Masonboro Island form and migrate inshore (pg ES 20 in ES Book). Explain how processes change sea-level over time. Keywords: erosion, barrier islands, shoreline sea levels go down you get an island and they help protect things; they migrate it pushes a tone of sand and makes overwash and moves it toward the land. Question 15- Locate, compare and draw a hot spot volcano and one along an active convergent boundary. Infer the location of future volcanoes, earthquakes, and fault lines from maps. Be able to read and interpret geologic maps. Question 16- Explain how weathering, erosion, and topsoil formation (soil profile pg138) affect Earth’s surface. Describe how soil is a result of weathering. Explain how weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles. Keywords: soil triangle (sand, silt, clay, weathering, erosion) Question 17- Define and provide an example of physical weathering and chemical weathering. Describe how weathering rates are affected by climate, topography, and rock composition. Keywords: weathering, topography, climate, acid rain, frost wedging, glacial till. Question 18- Describe the precautions needed to protect life from geohazards and meteorological hazards for each keyword: earthquakes, tsunamis, sinkholes, groundwater pollution, flooding, hurricanes and tornadoes 6