IT English Essentials Course Units 1-15 PDF

An IT English Preparation Course - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials – Units 1-15 Unit 1: Computer Types Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI Unit 3: Data Backup & Recovery...

An IT English Preparation Course - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials – Units 1-15 Unit 1: Computer Types Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI Unit 3: Data Backup & Recovery Unit 4: Customer Relations in IT Unit 5: Current Trends in Tech Unit 6: Operating Systems Unit 7: Internal & External Hardware Unit 8: Networking Unit 9: Malware & Viruses Unit 10: Troubleshooting PC Problems Unit 11: Enterprise Software Unit 12: Firewalls Unit 13: Software Coding Unit 14: History of Computers Volume with solid fill Unit 15: History of the Internet 1 Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Types - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Computer Types ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Present Simple in Use ✔ Present Continuous in Use ✔ Topic Mindmap ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 2 Unit 1: Computer Defined - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: A computer is an electronic device capable of performing a variety of tasks, including computations, data processing, and communications. They are programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Overview: Computers vary in size, capability, and purpose, from simple microcontrollers to powerful supercomputers. Volume with solid fill Slide 3 Unit 1: Computer Types (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Categories: Personal Computer (PC): General-purpose computers for individual use. Laptop: Portable computers with integrated screens and keyboards. Desktop Computer: Stationary computers typically used at a single location. Workstation: High-performance computers for technical or scientific applications. Server: Powerful computers designed to manage network resources and services. Volume with solid fill Slide 4 Unit 1: Computer Types (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Categories (Continued): Mainframe: Large, powerful computers used for bulk data processing. Supercomputer: Extremely powerful computers used for complex computations. Tablet: Touchscreen devices with a focus on portability. Smartphone: Mobile phones with advanced computing capabilities. Embedded Computer: Specialized computers embedded in other devices. Volume with solid fill Slide 5 Unit 1: Computer Types (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Categories (Continued): Wearable Computer: Compact devices worn on the body, such as smartwatches. Gaming Console: Dedicated devices for playing video games. Single-Board Computer: Compact computers with all components on a single circuit board. Quantum Computer: Advanced computers using quantum-mechanical phenomena for processing. Volume with solid fill Slide 6 Unit 1: Personal Computers and Laptops (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Personal Computer (PC): Overview: Versatile computers used by individuals for various tasks like browsing, gaming, and office work. Examples: Home desktops, office computers. Laptop: Overview: Portable PCs with integrated screen, keyboard, and battery. Key Features: Mobility, built-in battery, compact design. Usage: Ideal for students, business professionals, and travelers. Volume with solid fill Slide 7 Unit 1: Personal Computers and Laptops (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Differences Between PC and Laptop: Portability: Laptops are portable; PCs are stationary. Performance: PCs often have higher performance due to larger components. Customization: PCs offer more upgrade options; laptops have limited upgradability. Volume with solid fill Slide 8 Unit 1: Desktop Computers & Workstations - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Desktop Computer: Overview: Stationary computers used for a wide range of tasks. Key Features: Larger size, more power and storage, customizable components. Usage: Home use, office tasks, gaming. Workstation: Overview: High-performance desktops designed for professional use. Key Features: Powerful CPUs and GPUs, large memory, advanced storage solutions. Usage: Technical and scientific applications, graphic design, video editing, engineering simulations. Volume with solid fill Slide 9 Unit 1: Servers & Mainframes (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Server: Purpose: Manage network resources, host websites, run applications. Types: Web Servers: Host and deliver websites. Database Servers: Manage databases and data retrieval. Application Servers: Run specific applications for users. Usage: Data centers, businesses, hosting services. Volume with solid fill Slide 10 Unit 1: Servers & Mainframes (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Mainframe: Purpose: Handle large-scale processing for enterprises. Key Features: High reliability, scalability, and security. Usage: Financial transaction processing, enterprise resource planning (ERP), large databases. Volume with solid fill Slide 11 Unit 1: Supercomputers & Quantum Computers (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Supercomputer: Overview: Extremely powerful computers for complex computations. Key Features: Massive parallel processing, high-speed data handling. Usage: Climate modeling, scientific research, simulations, cryptography. Volume with solid fill Slide 12 Unit 1: Supercomputers & Quantum Computers (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Quantum Computer: Overview: Advanced computers using quantum mechanics for processing. Key Features: Quantum bits (qubits), superposition, entanglement. Usage: Complex problem solving, cryptography, advanced simulations. Volume with solid fill Slide 13 Unit 1: Tablets & Smartphones - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Tablet: Overview: Portable devices with touchscreen interfaces. Key Features: Lightweight, touch-based input, long battery life. Usage: Media consumption, education, light productivity tasks. Smartphone: Overview: Mobile phones with advanced computing capabilities. Key Features: Compact, touch-based input, internet connectivity. Usage: Communication, apps, navigation, social media, photography. Volume with solid fill Slide 14 Unit 1: Embedded & Wearable Computers - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Embedded Computer: Overview: Specialized computers embedded in other devices. Key Features: Small size, specific functionality, often real-time computing. Usage: Appliances, automobiles, medical devices, industrial machines. Wearable Computer: Overview: Compact devices worn on the body. Key Features: Portability, connectivity, health and fitness tracking. Usage: Smartwatches, fitness trackers, augmented reality glasses. Volume with solid fill Slide 15 Unit 1: Gaming Consoles & Single-Board Computers - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Gaming Console: Overview: Dedicated devices for playing video games. Key Features: Optimized for gaming performance, game-specific hardware. Usage: Home entertainment, gaming. Single-Board Computer: Overview: Compact computers with all components on a single circuit board. Key Features: Small size, affordable, versatile. Usage: Education, DIY projects, prototyping, hobbyist applications. Volume with solid fill Slide 16 Unit 1: Future Trends in Computing Devices (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Emerging Technologies: Quantum Computing: Potential to revolutionize data processing with immense speed and power. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Enhancing capabilities of computers in various fields like healthcare, finance, and customer service. Edge Computing: Bringing computation closer to data sources to improve response times and save bandwidth. Impact on Businesses and Daily Life: Businesses: Increased efficiency, automation, and data-driven decision- making. Daily Life: Smarter homes, advanced healthcare diagnostics, and improved communication. Volume with solid fill Slide 17 Unit 1: Future Trends in Computing Devices (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Predictions for Future Developments: Integration of AI and IoT: More interconnected devices with smart capabilities. Advancements in Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR): Enhanced immersive experiences for entertainment, education, and training. Sustainability: Development of eco-friendly computing technologies to reduce carbon footprint. Volume with solid fill Slide 18 Unit 2: Introduction to BIOS & UEFI - LF -A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ BIOS & UEFI ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Past Simple in Use ✔ Present Perfect in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 19 Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI Defined - LF -A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): A firmware interface between a computer's hardware and its operating system, responsible for booting the system and initializing hardware components. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface): A modern firmware interface designed to replace BIOS, offering enhanced features and capabilities. Overview: BIOS has been the standard firmware interface since the 1980s. UEFI, introduced in the 2000s, provides a more flexible and powerful interface, addressing limitations of BIOS. Volume with solid fill Slide 20 Unit 2: BIOS (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Functionality: Boot Process: Initializes and tests hardware components during startup, then loads the operating system. POST (Power-On Self Test): Diagnostic testing of hardware components. Configuration: Provides a simple text-based setup interface to configure hardware settings. Components: ROM Chip: BIOS is stored on a non-volatile ROM chip on the motherboard. CMOS Battery: Maintains BIOS settings and system time. Volume with solid fill Slide 21 Unit 2: BIOS (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Limitations: Boot Speed: Slower boot times compared to UEFI. Storage Support: Limited to 2TB boot drives due to MBR partitioning. User Interface: Text-based interface with limited graphical capabilities. Volume with solid fill Slide 22 Unit 2: UEFI (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Functionality: Boot Process: More efficient and faster boot process. Secure Boot: Ensures only trusted software can boot, enhancing security. Graphical User Interface (GUI): Provides a more user-friendly setup interface with mouse support. Components: Firmware: Stored on a dedicated flash memory chip or integrated with the motherboard chipset. NVRAM: Stores UEFI settings, allowing for more flexible configuration. Volume with solid fill Slide 23 Unit 2: UEFI (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Advantages: Boot Speed: Faster boot times and better system performance. Storage Support: Supports large boot drives (over 2TB) with GPT partitioning. Extensibility: Modular design allows for easier updates and enhancements. Volume with solid fill Slide 24 Unit 2: Comparison of BIOS & UEFI (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Boot Process: BIOS: Sequential and slower. UEFI: Parallel and faster. Security: BIOS: Basic security features. UEFI: Advanced security features like Secure Boot. User Interface: BIOS: Text-based, keyboard navigation. UEFI: Graphical, mouse and keyboard navigation. Volume with solid fill Slide 25 Unit 2: Comparison of BIOS & UEFI (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Storage Support: BIOS: Limited to 2TB with MBR partitioning. UEFI: Supports drives larger than 2TB with GPT partitioning. Flexibility and Updates: BIOS: Limited flexibility, harder to update. UEFI: More flexible, easier to update and extend. Volume with solid fill Slide 26 Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI - Use Cases & Scenarios (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Legacy Systems: BIOS: Still used in older systems and some specific applications. Example: Older desktops and laptops, certain industrial and embedded systems. Modern Systems: UEFI: Standard in modern PCs, laptops, and servers. Example: Newer desktops, gaming PCs, enterprise servers. Volume with solid fill Slide 27 Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI - Use Cases & Scenarios (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Security-Sensitive Applications: UEFI: Preferred for systems requiring robust security features. Example: Business laptops, secure servers, personal computers with enhanced security needs. Volume with solid fill Slide 28 Unit 2: Transition from BIOS to UEFI (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Migration Challenges: Compatibility: Ensuring hardware and software compatibility with UEFI. Legacy Support: Some older hardware may not support UEFI. Steps for Transition: Firmware Update: Update motherboard firmware to support UEFI. Configuration: Configure UEFI settings, enable Secure Boot if needed. OS Installation: Install or reinstall the operating system with UEFI mode enabled. Volume with solid fill Slide 29 Unit 2: Transition from BIOS to UEFI (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Benefits of Transition: Enhanced Performance: Faster boot times and better system responsiveness. Improved Security: Advanced security features like Secure Boot protect against malware and unauthorized software. Volume with solid fill Slide 30 Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI - Future Trends and Developments (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Emerging Technologies: Enhanced UEFI Features: Continuous improvements and new features in UEFI firmware. Integration with AI: Potential integration with AI for smarter firmware management and diagnostics. Security Enhancements: Advanced Secure Boot: Further enhancements to Secure Boot protocols. Firmware Security: Improved methods for securing firmware updates and configurations. Volume with solid fill Slide 31 Unit 2: BIOS & UEFI - Future Trends and Developments (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Industry Adoption: Standardization: Increased standardization and widespread adoption of UEFI in all types of computing devices. Legacy Phase-Out: Gradual phase-out of BIOS in favor of UEFI across all sectors. Volume with solid fill Slide 32 Unit 3: Introduction to Data Backup and Recovery - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Data Backup & Recovery ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Going-to Future in Use ✔ Will Future in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 33 Unit 3: Data Backup & Recovery (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Data Backup: The process of creating copies of data to protect against data loss. Data Recovery: The process of retrieving lost, corrupted, or damaged data from backups or other sources. Overview: Essential for data protection and business continuity. Crucial in mitigating the effects of data breaches, hardware failures, and other data loss incidents. Volume with solid fill Slide 34 Unit 3: Data Backup & Recovery (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Importance: Ensures data availability and integrity. Minimizes downtime and operational disruptions. Protects against data loss due to accidental deletion, cyber-attacks, and natural disasters. Volume with solid fill Slide 35 Unit 3: Types of Data Backup (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Full Backup: Definition: Complete copy of all data. Advantages: Simplifies recovery; easy to manage. Disadvantages: Time-consuming; requires significant storage space. Incremental Backup: Definition: Copies only data that has changed since the last backup. Advantages: Faster and requires less storage space than full backups. Disadvantages: More complex recovery process; requires multiple backup sets. Volume with solid fill Slide 36 Unit 3: Types of Data Backup (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Differential Backup: Definition: Copies all data that has changed since the last full backup. Advantages: Faster than full backups; simpler recovery than incremental backups. Disadvantages: Requires more storage than incremental backups; longer backup time than incremental. Mirror Backup: Definition: Exact copy of the source data. Advantages: Immediate access to backups; no need for recovery process. Disadvantages: No version history; if source data is corrupted, backup is also corrupted. Volume with solid fill Slide 37 Unit 3: Backup Methods and Strategies (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Local Backup: Method: Data is stored on local devices such as external hard drives or network-attached storage (NAS). Advantages: Fast and easy to access; no internet dependency. Disadvantages: Vulnerable to local disasters (e.g., fire, theft). Cloud Backup: Method: Data is stored on remote servers managed by a cloud service provider. Advantages: Offsite storage protects against local disasters; scalable and accessible from anywhere. Disadvantages: Requires internet connection; potential concerns about data security and privacy. Volume with solid fill Slide 38 Unit 3: Backup Methods and Strategies (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Hybrid Backup: Method: Combines local and cloud backups. Advantages: Balances speed and security; local backups for quick recovery, cloud for disaster recovery. Disadvantages: Can be more complex to manage; higher cost. Backup Strategies: 3-2-1 Rule: Keep three copies of your data: two on different devices, one offsite. Grandfather-Father-Son: Rotational system of daily, weekly, and monthly backups. Continuous Data Protection (CDP): Real-time backup of data changes. Volume with solid fill Slide 39 Unit 3: Data Recovery Techniques (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials File Recovery: Overview: Restoring individual files or folders from a backup. Methods: Direct restore from backup software; manual recovery from backup media. System Recovery: Overview: Restoring entire systems, including operating system and applications. Methods: Bare-metal restore; system image recovery. Volume with solid fill Slide 40 Unit 3: Data Recovery Techniques (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Disaster Recovery: Overview: Procedures to restore critical IT functions after a major incident. Methods: Disaster recovery plans; use of secondary data centers; cloud disaster recovery solutions. Database Recovery: Overview: Restoring databases to a consistent state. Methods: Point-in-time recovery; transaction log backups; database snapshots. Volume with solid fill Slide 41 Unit 3: Backup & Recovery Tools (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Backup Software: Examples: Acronis True Image, Veeam Backup & Replication, Backblaze. Features: Scheduled backups, encryption, compression, and incremental backups. Cloud Backup Services: Examples: Google Drive, Amazon S3, Microsoft OneDrive. Features: Automated backups, secure storage, easy access from anywhere. Volume with solid fill Slide 42 Unit 3: Backup & Recovery Tools (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Hardware Solutions: Examples: External hard drives, NAS devices, tape drives. Features: High-capacity storage, fast data transfer rates, reliable for long- term storage. Disaster Recovery Solutions: Examples: DRaaS (Disaster Recovery as a Service), secondary data centers. Features: Automated failover, continuous replication, comprehensive recovery plans. Volume with solid fill Slide 43 Unit 3: Best Practices for Data Backup (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Regular Backup Schedule: Ensure backups are performed regularly to minimize data loss. Automate backups to avoid human error. Data Encryption: Encrypt backups to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. Verify Backups: Regularly test backups to ensure data can be successfully restored. Perform trial recoveries to validate backup integrity. Volume with solid fill Slide 44 Unit 3: Best Practices for Data Backup (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Update Backup Plans: Review and update backup plans periodically to address changing business needs and technology. Documentation: Maintain detailed documentation of backup procedures, schedules, and recovery steps. Ensure all stakeholders are aware of and understand the backup and recovery processes. Volume with solid fill Slide 45 Unit 3: Challenges in Data Backup and Recovery (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Data Volume: Managing large volumes of data can be challenging and require scalable solutions. Backup Windows: Limited time available to perform backups without disrupting operations. Recovery Time Objectives (RTO): Ensuring data can be restored quickly enough to meet business needs. Volume with solid fill Slide 46 Unit 3: Challenges in Data Backup and Recovery (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Data Security: Protecting backups from cyber threats such as ransomware and unauthorized access. Compliance: Meeting regulatory requirements for data protection and retention. Volume with solid fill Slide 47 Unit 3: Future Trends in Data Backup and Recovery (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Cloud Integration: Increased adoption of cloud-based backup and disaster recovery solutions. AI and Machine Learning: Use of AI to predict potential failures and optimize backup processes. Ransomware Protection: Advanced techniques for detecting and preventing ransomware attacks on backups. Volume with solid fill Slide 48 Unit 3: Future Trends in Data Backup and Recovery (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Blockchain Technology: Use of blockchain for secure and tamper-proof backups. Data Management Platforms: Integrated platforms for managing backups, data protection, and recovery processes. Volume with solid fill Slide 49 Unit 4: Introduction to Customer Relations in IT - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Customer Relations in IT ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ If-Conditional 1 in Use ✔ If-Conditional 2 in Use ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 50 Unit 4: Customer Relations Defined & Importance - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Strategies and processes for managing customer interactions, ensuring satisfaction and loyalty Importance in IT: Critical due to complexity and dependency on technology solutions Enhances user satisfaction, retention, and brand loyalty Involves various touchpoints: support services, communication, and feedback mechanisms Volume with solid fill Slide 51 Unit 4: Key Components of Customer Relations - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Communication: Clear, timely, and transparent across multiple channels Customer Support: Technical support and general customer service Customer Feedback: Mechanisms for collecting and using feedback to improve Relationship Management: CRM systems and personalization of services Volume with solid fill Slide 52 Unit 4: Communication Strategies in IT Customer Relations - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Proactive: Regular updates, newsletters, emails Responsive: Timely, multi-channel support Clear and Transparent: Documentation, honesty about issues Volume with solid fill Slide 53 Unit 4: Types of Customer Support in IT - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Technical Support: Help desks, remote support, self-service options Customer Service: Efficient issue resolution and follow-up Volume with solid fill Slide 54 Unit 4: Building Customer Trust and Loyalty - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Consistency: Reliable services and dependability Customer Engagement: Loyalty programs, personalized interactions Problem Solving: Effective solutions with empathy Volume with solid fill Slide 55 Unit 4: Customer Feedback and Improvement - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Collecting Feedback: Surveys and feedback forms Analyzing Feedback: Data analysis for insights Implementing Changes: Actionable improvements and continuous enhancement Volume with solid fill Slide 56 Unit 4: Customer Relationship Management Systems - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Purpose: Data management and personalization Key Features: Contact management, interaction tracking, analytics Benefits: Improved efficiency and enhanced customer satisfaction Volume with solid fill Slide 57 Unit 4: Challenges in Customer Relations - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Managing Expectations: Realistic promises and clear communication Handling Complaints: Efficient resolution and de-escalation Maintaining Consistency: Service quality and regular training Volume with solid fill Slide 58 Unit 4: Future Trends in Customer Relations in IT - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Artificial Intelligence: AI chatbots and predictive analytics Personalization: Advanced CRM and deeper customer insights Omnichannel Support: Integrated channels and enhanced accessibility Proactive Support: Automated alerts and preventive maintenance Volume with solid fill Slide 59 Unit 5: Introduction to Current Trends in Tech - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Current Trends in Tech ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Modal Verbs in Use ✔ Phrasal Verbs in Use ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 60 Unit 5: Tech Trends Defined - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Tech Trends: Emerging developments and innovations in technology that influence various industries and aspects of daily life. Overview: Rapid advancements in technology are transforming businesses, economies, and societies. Staying informed about current trends is crucial for leveraging new opportunities and maintaining competitive advantages. Volume with solid fill Slide 61 Unit 5: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Artificial Intelligence (AI): Overview: Simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think and learn. Applications: Natural language processing, image recognition, autonomous vehicles, robotics. Machine Learning (ML): Overview: A subset of AI that allows systems to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Applications: Predictive analytics, recommendation systems, fraud detection, personalized marketing. Volume with solid fill Slide 62 Unit 5: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: AI Ethics: Development of ethical guidelines and regulations. Edge AI: Running AI algorithms locally on devices rather than in the cloud. AI in Healthcare: Enhanced diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and operational efficiencies. Volume with solid fill Slide 63 Unit 5: Internet of Things (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Definition: Network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data. Impact: Enhances efficiency, automation, and data-driven decision- making. Applications: Smart Homes: Automated lighting, heating, security systems. Industrial IoT: Predictive maintenance, supply chain optimization, asset tracking. Healthcare IoT: Remote patient monitoring, smart medical devices. Volume with solid fill Slide 64 Unit 5: Internet of Things (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: 5G Integration: Faster and more reliable connectivity for IoT devices. Security Improvements: Enhanced measures to protect IoT networks and data. IoT Analytics: Advanced data analytics for real-time insights and decision-making. Volume with solid fill Slide 65 Unit 5: Cloud Computing and Edge Computing (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Cloud Computing: Overview: Delivery of computing services over the internet (cloud) including storage, processing, and software. Benefits: Scalability, cost-efficiency, flexibility. Trends: Multi-cloud strategies, serverless computing, AI and machine learning integration. Volume with solid fill Slide 66 Unit 5: Cloud Computing and Edge Computing (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Edge Computing: Overview: Processing data closer to the source (edge) rather than in a centralized data center. Benefits: Reduced latency, bandwidth efficiency, improved response times. Applications: IoT devices, autonomous vehicles, real-time analytics. Volume with solid fill Slide 67 Unit 5: Cloud Computing and Edge Computing (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: Hybrid Cloud Models: Combining cloud and edge computing for optimized performance. Edge AI: Implementing AI capabilities directly on edge devices. Volume with solid fill Slide 68 Unit 5: Blockchain Technology (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Definition: A decentralized ledger technology that ensures secure and transparent transactions. Core Features: Immutability, transparency, security. Volume with solid fill Slide 69 Unit 5: Blockchain Technology (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Applications: Cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other digital currencies. Smart Contracts: Self-executing contracts with terms directly written into code. Supply Chain Management: Enhancing traceability and transparency. Healthcare: Secure sharing of medical records, patient data management. Volume with solid fill Slide 70 Unit 5: Blockchain Technology (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Financial services using blockchain technology. NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens): Digital assets representing ownership of unique items. Interoperability: Enabling different blockchain networks to communicate and work together. Volume with solid fill Slide 71 Unit 5: Cybersecurity (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Definition: Protection of internet-connected systems, including hardware, software, and data from cyber threats. Importance: Essential for protecting sensitive information and maintaining trust. Challenges: Sophisticated Attacks: Increasingly complex and targeted cyber threats. Data Privacy: Ensuring compliance with data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA). Volume with solid fill Slide 72 Unit 5: Cybersecurity (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: Zero Trust Security: Assumes no trust and verifies every access request. AI in Cybersecurity: Using AI for threat detection, response, and predictive analytics. Cloud Security: Enhancing security measures for cloud-based systems. Cyber Resilience: Preparing for, responding to, and recovering from cyber incidents. Volume with solid fill Slide 73 Unit 5: Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Augmented Reality (AR): Overview: Overlaying digital information onto the real world. Applications: Gaming, retail (virtual try-ons), industrial training, navigation. Virtual Reality (VR): Overview: Immersive experiences in a completely virtual environment. Applications: Gaming, virtual tours, education and training simulations. Volume with solid fill Slide 74 Unit 5: Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: Mixed Reality (MR): Combining elements of AR and VR for enhanced experiences. Enterprise Applications: Using AR and VR for training, design visualization, remote assistance. Consumer Adoption: Growth in AR/VR hardware and software for personal use. Volume with solid fill Slide 75 Unit 5: Quantum Computing (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Definition: Advanced computing technology using quantum bits (qubits) to perform complex computations at unprecedented speeds. Potential: Solving problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. Applications: Cryptography: Developing new cryptographic systems and breaking existing ones. Drug Discovery: Simulating molecular structures and interactions. Optimization Problems: Enhancing logistics, financial modeling, and AI. Volume with solid fill Slide 76 Unit 5: Quantum Computing (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: Quantum Supremacy: Achieving tasks that are impossible for classical computers. Quantum Cloud Services: Offering quantum computing power through the cloud. Research and Development: Significant investments in quantum research by tech giants and governments. Volume with solid fill Slide 77 Unit 5: Robotics and Automation (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Definition: The use of robots and automated systems to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. Impact: Enhances efficiency, precision, and safety in various industries. Applications: Manufacturing: Automated assembly lines, quality control. Healthcare: Surgical robots, automated diagnostics. Logistics: Autonomous vehicles, warehouse robots. Volume with solid fill Slide 78 Unit 5: Robotics and Automation (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Trends: Collaborative Robots (Cobots): Robots that work alongside humans. AI Integration: Enhancing robot capabilities with artificial intelligence. Service Robots: Increasing use in customer service, hospitality, and retail. Volume with solid fill Slide 79 Unit 5: Future Trends and Innovations (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Emerging Technologies: 5G Networks: Revolutionizing connectivity with faster speeds and lower latency. Biotechnology: Advances in genomics, bioinformatics, and personalized medicine. Sustainable Tech: Innovations aimed at reducing environmental impact. Volume with solid fill Slide 80 Unit 5: Future Trends and Innovations (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Impact on Industries: Healthcare: Improved diagnostics, personalized treatment, telemedicine. Education: E-learning platforms, virtual classrooms, AI-driven personalized learning. Finance: Fintech innovations, blockchain, AI-driven financial services. Volume with solid fill Slide 81 Unit 5: Future Trends and Innovations (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Societal Impact: Digital Transformation: Changing how we work, communicate, and interact. Job Market: New job opportunities in tech, evolving skills requirements. Ethical Considerations: Addressing privacy, security, and the digital divide. Volume with solid fill Slide 82 Unit 6: Introduction to Operating Systems - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Operating Systems ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Present Simple in Use ✔ Present Continuous in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 83 Unit 6: Operating System Defined - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Operating System (OS): Software that manages hardware resources and provides services for computer programs. Overview: Acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware. Essential for managing tasks such as memory management, process management, and file management. Volume with solid fill Slide 84 Unit 6: Functions of an Operating System (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Process Management: Task Scheduling: Manages the execution of multiple processes. Multitasking: Allows multiple programs to run simultaneously. Memory Management: Allocation: Assigns memory to processes. Management: Ensures efficient use of memory. File System Management: File Storage: Manages file creation, deletion, and access. Organization: Provides a structured way to store and retrieve data. Volume with solid fill Slide 85 Unit 6: Functions of an Operating System (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Device Management: Driver Interfaces: Manages hardware devices through drivers. Communication: Facilitates communication between hardware and software. Security and Access Control: User Authentication: Verifies user identity. Permissions: Controls access to files and system resources. Volume with solid fill Slide 86 Unit 6: Windows Operating System (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Developed by Microsoft, widely used in personal and business environments. Known for its graphical user interface (GUI) and compatibility with a wide range of applications. Volume with solid fill Slide 87 Unit 6: Windows Operating System (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Features: User-Friendly Interface: Intuitive GUI with Start Menu and taskbar. Extensive Software Support: Compatible with numerous third-party applications. Security Features: Built-in antivirus, firewall, and regular security updates. Productivity Tools: Includes Microsoft Office suite, Cortana, and OneDrive. Volume with solid fill Slide 88 Unit 6: Windows Operating System (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Latest Versions: Windows 10: Popular version with widespread use in both personal and professional settings. Windows 11: Latest version with enhanced features and a redesigned interface. Use Cases: Ideal for personal use, business applications, gaming, and educational purposes. Volume with solid fill Slide 89 Unit 6: macOS Operating System (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Developed by Apple Inc., exclusively for Mac computers. Known for its sleek design, robust performance, and seamless integration with Apple’s ecosystem. Volume with solid fill Slide 90 Unit 6: macOS Operating System (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Features: User Interface: Clean, intuitive GUI with the Dock and Finder. Security: Strong security features including Gatekeeper, FileVault, and regular updates. Continuity: Seamless integration with iOS devices (iPhone, iPad). Built-in Applications: Includes Safari, Mail, iWork suite, and iCloud services. Volume with solid fill Slide 91 Unit 6: macOS Operating System (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Latest Versions: macOS Big Sur: Introduced a refreshed design and improved performance. macOS Monterey: Latest version with new features like Universal Control and Shortcuts. Use Cases: Preferred for creative professionals, designers, developers, and general personal use. Volume with solid fill Slide 92 Unit 6: Linux Operating System (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. Known for its flexibility, security, and broad community support. Volume with solid fill Slide 93 Unit 6: Linux Operating System (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Features: Customization: Highly customizable with various distributions (distros) like Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Security: Strong security model with user permissions and regular updates. Performance: Efficient resource usage, suitable for servers and embedded systems. Package Management: Uses package managers like APT and YUM for software installation and updates. Volume with solid fill Slide 94 Unit 6: Linux Operating System (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Popular Distributions: Ubuntu: User-friendly, popular for desktops and servers. Fedora: Cutting-edge features, used for development and testing. Debian: Known for its stability and reliability. Use Cases: Ideal for servers, development environments, personal desktops, and embedded systems. Volume with solid fill Slide 95 Unit 6: BSD Operating Systems (1 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Overview: Unix-like operating systems derived from the Berkeley Software Distribution. Known for their robustness, performance, and advanced networking features. Volume with solid fill Slide 96 Unit 6: BSD Operating Systems (2 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Features: Security: Advanced security features including access control lists (ACLs) and secure levels. Stability: Highly stable and reliable, often used in servers and networking appliances. Performance: Optimized for performance in networking and server environments. Open Source: Free and open-source with a permissive license. Volume with solid fill Slide 97 Unit 6: BSD Operating Systems (3 of 3) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Popular Variants: This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA FreeBSD: Focuses on performance and advanced features. OpenBSD: Emphasizes security and code correctness. NetBSD: Known for its portability across different hardware platforms. Use Cases: Suitable for servers, firewalls, routers, and advanced networking tasks. Volume with solid fill Slide 98 Unit 6: Other Notable Operating Systems (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Android: Overview: Based on the Linux kernel, developed by Google for mobile devices. Features: Touch interface, extensive app ecosystem via Google Play. Use Cases: Smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and other mobile devices. iOS: Overview: Developed by Apple for iPhones and iPads. Features: Secure, user-friendly interface, extensive app ecosystem via App Store. Use Cases: iPhones, iPads, and iPod Touch devices. Volume with solid fill Slide 99 Unit 6: Other Notable Operating Systems (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Chrome OS: Overview: Developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel, designed for Chromebooks. Features: Lightweight, web-centric, runs Chrome browser and Android apps. Use Cases: Chromebooks, education, and lightweight computing tasks. Volume with solid fill Slide 100 Unit 6: Comparison of Operating Systems (1 of 4) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials User Interface: Windows: GUI with Start Menu and taskbar. macOS: Intuitive GUI with Dock and Finder. Linux: Highly customizable, many distros offer GUI options. BSD: Command-line interface, some distros offer GUI options. Volume with solid fill Slide 101 Unit 6: Comparison of Operating Systems (2 of 4) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Security: Windows: Built-in antivirus, firewall, regular updates. macOS: Gatekeeper, FileVault, strong ecosystem security. Linux: Strong user permissions, regular updates. BSD: Advanced security features, secure by design. Volume with solid fill Slide 102 Unit 6: Comparison of Operating Systems (3 of 4) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Performance: Windows: Optimized for a wide range of hardware, generally resource- intensive. macOS: Optimized for Apple hardware, smooth performance. Linux: Efficient resource usage, suitable for various hardware. BSD: High performance, especially in networking. Volume with solid fill Slide 103 Unit 6: Comparison of Operating Systems (4 of 4) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Software Availability: Windows: Extensive software library. macOS: Strong support for creative and professional applications. Linux: Vast open-source software repository. BSD: Limited compared to others, focused on stability and security. Volume with solid fill Slide 104 Unit 6: Future Trends in Operating Systems (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Artificial Intelligence Integration: AI-driven features for enhanced user experience and security. Cloud Integration: Seamless integration with cloud services for data storage and application hosting. Security Enhancements: Continuous improvements in security features to combat emerging threats. Volume with solid fill Slide 105 Unit 6: Future Trends in Operating Systems (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Cross-Platform Compatibility: Improved compatibility and integration between different operating systems and devices. Edge Computing: Operating systems optimized for edge devices, supporting IoT and real- time data processing. Open Source Movement: Growing adoption of open-source operating systems in both personal and enterprise environments. Volume with solid fill Slide 106 Unit 7: Introduction to Computer Hardware - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Computer Hardware ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Past Simple in Use ✔ Present Perfect in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 107 Unit 7: Computer Hardware Defined - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Computer Hardware: The physical components of a computer system that contribute to its functionality. Overview: Divided into internal and external hardware. Essential for the operation and performance of computer systems. Volume with solid fill Slide 108 Unit 7: Internal Hardware Components (1 of 6) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Motherboard: Function: Main circuit board housing the CPU, memory, and other essential components. Components: Chipset, sockets, slots for RAM and expansion cards. Chipset: Function: Manages data flow between the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. Components: Northbridge (memory and graphics), Southbridge (I/O and storage). Central Processing Unit (CPU): Function: Executes instructions from programs, performs calculations, and manages tasks. Components: Control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers. Volume with solid fill Slide 109 Unit 7: Internal Hardware Components (2 of 6) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials BIOS/UEFI: Function: Firmware interface for hardware initialization and OS booting. Components: Firmware chip, configuration interface. Random Access Memory (RAM): Function: Temporary storage for data and programs being used by the CPU. Types: DDR4, DDR5. Memory Slots: Types: DIMM, SO-DIMM. Use: Installing RAM modules. Volume with solid fill Slide 110 Unit 7: Internal Hardware Components (3 of 6) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Expansion Slots: Types: PCI, PCIe, AGP. Use: Adding expansion cards like GPUs, sound cards, and network cards. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) ExpressFunction: Provides high-speed connections for various internal components. Components: Slots, lanes for data transfer. Internal Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Magnetic storage, larger capacity, slower speed. Solid State Drive (SSD): Flash storage, faster speed, higher cost. Volume with solid fill Slide 111 Unit 7: Internal Hardware Components (4 of 6) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Storage Connectors: Types: SATA, M.2, NVMe. Use: Connecting HDDs, SSDs, and optical drives. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Function: Renders images, videos, and animations. Types: Integrated (within CPU) and dedicated (separate card). Sound Card: Function: Processes audio signals for sound output. Components: Audio processor, connectors for speakers and microphones. Volume with solid fill Slide 112 Unit 7: Internal Hardware Components (5 of 6) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Network Interface Card (NIC): Function: Connects a computer to a network. Types: Wired (Ethernet), wireless (Wi-Fi). Bluetooth/Wireless Card: Function: Enables wireless communication and connectivity. Components: Bluetooth/Wi-Fi chipset, antennas. Optical Drive: Function: Reads and writes data from optical discs such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Components: Laser assembly, disc spinning mechanism. Volume with solid fill Slide 113 Unit 7: Internal Hardware Components (6 of 6) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Thunderbolt/USB-C Ports: Function: High-speed data transfer and connectivity ports. Components: Controller chips, connectors for various devices. Cooling Systems: Function: Maintains optimal temperatures for components. Types: Air cooling (fans) and liquid cooling. Power Supply Unit (PSU): Function: Converts electrical power from the outlet into usable power for the computer. Power Management Unit (PMU): Function: Manages power distribution and consumption within the system. Components: Voltage regulators, power monitoring circuits. Volume with solid fill Slide 114 Unit 7: External Hardware Components (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Input Devices: Keyboard: Used for typing text and commands. Mouse: Pointing device for navigation and selection. Scanner: Converts physical documents into digital format. Output Devices: Monitor: Displays visual output from the computer. Printer: Produces physical copies of digital documents. Speakers: Outputs sound from the computer. Volume with solid fill Slide 115 Unit 7: External Hardware Components (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials External Storage Devices: External Hard Drive: Portable storage for backup and data transfer. USB Flash Drive: Small, portable storage device. Router: Function: Directs traffic between devices and the internet. Features: Wi-Fi, Ethernet ports, security features. Modem: Function: Converts digital data to analog signals and vice versa for internet access. Types: DSL, cable, fiber optic. Volume with solid fill Slide 116 Unit 7: Future Trends in Computer Hardware - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Evolution of Storage: Faster NVMe SSDs, larger capacities, advancements in 3D NAND technology. Advancements in CPUs: Increased core counts, improved energy efficiency, AI integration. Next-Generation GPUs: Real-time ray tracing, AI-enhanced graphics, higher VRAM capacities. Innovations in Cooling: Enhanced liquid cooling solutions, thermoelectric cooling, graphene- based materials. Networking Technology Improvements: Wi-Fi 6E, 5G integration, faster Ethernet standards. Volume with solid fill Slide 117 Unit 8: Introduction to Networking - LF- A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Networking ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Going-to Future in Use ✔ Will Future in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 118 Unit 8: Networking Defined - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Computer Networking: The practice of connecting computers and other devices to share resources and information. Overview: Networks enable communication, data exchange, and resource sharing. Critical for both personal use and business operations. Volume with solid fill Slide 119 Unit 8: Types of Computer Networks (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Personal Area Network (PAN): Scope: Small, personal devices. Examples: Bluetooth connections, home wireless networks. Local Area Network (LAN): Scope: Limited geographical area, such as a building. Examples: Office networks, home Wi-Fi. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Scope: City-wide coverage. Examples: Municipal Wi-Fi networks. Volume with solid fill Slide 120 Unit 8: Types of Computer Networks (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Wide Area Network (WAN): Scope: Large geographical areas, country or continent-wide. Examples: The Internet, corporate networks connecting multiple locations. Global Area Network (GAN): Scope: Global coverage. Examples: Networks connecting worldwide operations of multinational companies. Volume with solid fill Slide 121 Unit 8: Networking Components (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Routers: Function: Direct data packets between networks. Features: WAN connectivity, DHCP, NAT. Switches: Function: Connect devices within a LAN. Features: Ethernet ports, VLAN support. Modems: Function: Convert digital data to analog signals and vice versa. Types: DSL, cable, fiber optic. Volume with solid fill Slide 122 Unit 8: Networking Components (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Network Interface Cards (NICs): Function: Connect computers to a network. Types: Wired (Ethernet), wireless (Wi-Fi). Access Points: Function: Extend wireless network coverage. Features: Wi-Fi standards (e.g., Wi-Fi 6). Volume with solid fill Slide 123 Unit 8: Network Topologies (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Bus Topology: Description: All devices share a single communication line. Advantages: Simple, cost-effective. Disadvantages: Limited scalability, single point of failure. Star Topology: Description: All devices connect to a central hub. Advantages: Easy to manage, failure of one device doesn't affect others. Disadvantages: Central hub is a single point of failure. Volume with solid fill Slide 124 Unit 8: Network Topologies (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Ring Topology: Description: Devices form a closed loop. Advantages: Data packets travel in one direction, reducing collisions. Disadvantages: Failure in one device can affect the entire network. Mesh Topology: Description: Devices interconnected, multiple paths for data. Advantages: High reliability, redundancy. Disadvantages: Complex and expensive to implement. Hybrid Topology: Description: Combination of different topologies. Advantages: Flexible, can be tailored to specific needs. Disadvantages: Complexity in design and management. Volume with solid fill Slide 125 Unit 8: Network Protocols (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials TCP/IP: Description: Core protocol suite for the Internet. Components: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for reliable communication, IP (Internet Protocol) for addressing and routing. HTTP/HTTPS: Description: Protocols for web communication. Components: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), HTTPS (secure version with encryption). Volume with solid fill Slide 126 Unit 8: Network Protocols (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials FTP/SFTP: Description: Protocols for file transfer. Components: FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol). SMTP/IMAP/POP3: Description: Email communication protocols. Components: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), POP3 (Post Office Protocol). DNS: Description: Translates domain names to IP addresses. Components: Hierarchical structure with root servers, top-level domains. Volume with solid fill Slide 127 Unit 8: Wireless Networking Technologies - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Wi-Fi: Description: Wireless networking technology using radio waves. Standards: 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax. Security: WPA2, WPA3. Bluetooth: Description: Short-range wireless technology for personal devices. Applications: Headsets, keyboards, file transfer. Volume with solid fill Slide 128 Unit 9: Introduction to Malware & Viruses - LF- A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Malware & Viruses ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ If-Conditional 1 in Use ✔ If-Conditional 2 in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 129 Unit 9: Malware & Viruses Defined - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Definition: Malware: Malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system. Virus: A type of malware that attaches itself to legitimate software and spreads by infecting other programs. Overview: Malware and viruses pose significant threats to cybersecurity. Understanding different types of malware and viruses is crucial for prevention and protection. Volume with solid fill Slide 130 Unit 9: Traditional Malware Types - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Virus: Function: Attaches to legitimate programs and replicates. Spread: Through infected files and software. Worm: Function: Self-replicating malware that spreads without user intervention. Spread: Through networks and the internet. Trojan Horse: Function: Disguised as legitimate software but performs malicious activities. Spread: Through downloads and email attachments. Volume with solid fill Slide 131 Unit 9: Malware for Financial Gain (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Ransomware: Function: Encrypts data and demands a ransom for decryption. Impact: Can cause significant data loss and financial damage. Cryptojacking: Function: Uses a victim's computing resources to mine cryptocurrencies without their knowledge. Impact: Degrades system performance and increases power consumption. Volume with solid fill Slide 132 Unit 9: Malware for Financial Gain (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Rogue Security Software: Function: Pretends to be legitimate security software but actually performs malicious activities. Impact: Scams users into paying for fake security services, potentially installs additional malware. Dialer: Function: Connects to premium-rate numbers without user consent. Impact: Increases phone bills, often used in mobile malware. Scareware: Function: Tricks users into thinking their system is infected and prompts them to buy fake software. Impact: Financial loss and potential installation of additional malware. Volume with solid fill Slide 133 Unit 9: Malware for Data Theft and Espionage - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Spyware: Function: Collects user information without consent. Impact: Compromises privacy and security. Keylogger: Function: Records keystrokes to capture sensitive information such as passwords. Impact: Compromises user credentials and personal information. RAT (Remote Access Trojan) Function: Provides remote control over a victim's computer. Impact: Allows attackers to steal data, install additional malware, and monitor user activity. Volume with solid fill Slide 134 Unit 9: Malware for Control and Disruption (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Botnet: Function: Network of infected devices controlled by an attacker. Impact: Can be used for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, spamming, and more. Backdoor: Function: Provides unauthorized access to a system by bypassing normal authentication. Impact: Allows attackers to control the system remotely. Rootkits: Function: Hides malicious activities and grants unauthorized access. Impact: Difficult to detect and remove. Volume with solid fill Slide 135 Unit 9: Malware for Control and Disruption (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Wiper: Function: Designed to delete or overwrite data on a victim’s system. Impact: Causes significant data loss, can disrupt operations and lead to financial damage. Logic Bomb: Function: Malicious code triggered by a specific condition or event. Impact: Can cause data loss, system failure, or other malicious activities when activated. Volume with solid fill Slide 136 Unit 9: Stealth and Evasion Malware - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Fileless Malware: Function: Operates in memory to avoid detection by traditional antivirus programs. Impact: Difficult to detect and remove, can be highly damaging. Polymorphic Malware: Function: Continuously changes its code to evade detection. Impact: Difficult to detect with traditional antivirus software due to its constantly changing nature. Volume with solid fill Slide 137 Unit 9: Malicious Ad and Browser Exploits - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Adware: Function: Displays unwanted advertisements. Impact: Can slow down systems and lead to further malware infections. Malvertising: Function: Uses online advertisements to spread malware. Impact: Can infect systems when users click on or are simply exposed to malicious ads. Browser Hijacker: Function: Alters browser settings to redirect users to malicious websites. Impact: Compromises browsing experience, can lead to further malware infections. Volume with solid fill Slide 138 Unit 9: Advanced Malware Techniques - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Exploit Kits: Function: Automated tools that exploit vulnerabilities in software. Impact: Facilitates the installation of other malware on compromised systems. Hybrid Malware: Function: Combines characteristics of multiple types of malware. Impact: Can perform various malicious activities, making it more versatile and dangerous. Macro Virus: Function: Infects software applications and spreads through macros. Spread: Through infected documents and spreadsheets. Impact: Can corrupt data and disrupt operations within infected applications. Volume with solid fill Slide 139 Unit 9: How Malware and Viruses Spread (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Email Attachments: Method: Malware hidden in attachments. Prevention: Do not open attachments from unknown sources. Malicious Downloads: Method: Infected files downloaded from the internet. Prevention: Download software only from trusted sources. Infected Websites: Method: Drive-by downloads when visiting compromised websites. Prevention: Use updated browsers and security software. Volume with solid fill Slide 140 Unit 9: How Malware and Viruses Spread (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Removable Media: Method: Malware on USB drives and external hard drives. Prevention: Scan removable media before use. Network Shares: Method: Spreads through shared network drives and resources. Prevention: Secure network shares and use strong access controls. Social Engineering: Method: Tricks users into executing malware. Prevention: Educate users about phishing and other social engineering attacks. Volume with solid fill Slide 141 Unit 9: Some Symptoms of Malware and Virus Infections (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Performance Issues: Symptoms: Slow computer performance, frequent crashes, and freezes. Unexpected Behavior: Symptoms: Programs opening and closing automatically, unexpected messages. Unusual Network Activity: Symptoms: High network usage, unknown connections. Volume with solid fill Slide 142 Unit 9: Some Symptoms of Malware and Virus Infections (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials File Corruption: Symptoms: Missing, corrupted, or newly created files without user action. Pop-up Ads: Symptoms: Frequent pop-up advertisements, even when not browsing the web. Unauthorized Access: Symptoms: Unauthorized access attempts, changes in system settings. Volume with solid fill Slide 143 Unit 9: Prevention & Protection Measures (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Antivirus Software: Function: Detects and removes malware and viruses. Tip: Keep antivirus software up to date. Firewalls: Function: Blocks unauthorized access to the network. Tip: Use both hardware and software firewalls. Regular Updates: Function: Fixes vulnerabilities in software and operating systems. Tip: Enable automatic updates for all software. Volume with solid fill Slide 144 Unit 9: Prevention & Protection Measures (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Safe Browsing Practices: Function: Avoids visiting malicious websites. Tip: Use reputable browsers with security features. Email Security: Function: Filters out malicious emails and attachments. Tip: Be cautious with email links and attachments. Backup Data: Function: Restores data in case of a malware infection. Tip: Regularly back up important data to secure locations. Volume with solid fill Slide 145 Unit 9: Malware and Virus Removal Techniques (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Antivirus Scans: Function: Scans and removes detected malware. Tip: Perform regular full system scans. Safe Mode: Function: Runs the system with minimal drivers and services. Tip: Use Safe Mode to remove persistent malware. System Restore: Function: Restores the system to a previous, uninfected state. Tip: Use System Restore points to recover from infections. Volume with solid fill Slide 146 Unit 9: Malware and Virus Removal Techniques (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Manual Removal: Function: Involves deleting malware files and registry entries. Tip: Follow detailed guides for specific malware. Reinstall Operating System: Function: Completely removes malware by reinstalling the OS. Tip: Backup data before reinstalling the OS. Volume with solid fill Slide 147 Unit 9: Case Studies of Major Malware and Virus Attacks (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials ILOVEYOU Virus: Year: 2000 Impact: Infected millions of computers, caused over $10 billion in damages. Method: Spread through email with an attachment disguised as a love letter. WannaCry Ransomware: Year: 2017 Impact: Affected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries. Method: Exploited a vulnerability in Windows to encrypt data and demand ransom. Volume with solid fill Slide 148 Unit 9: Case Studies of Major Malware and Virus Attacks (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Stuxnet Worm: Year: 2010 Impact: Targeted industrial control systems, notably Iran's nuclear facilities. Method: Spread through USB drives and exploited multiple zero-day vulnerabilities. NotPetya Ransomware: Year: 2017 Impact: Caused widespread damage, primarily in Ukraine. Method: Disguised as ransomware but aimed to destroy data. Volume with solid fill Slide 149 Unit 9: Emerging Threats in Malware and Viruses (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): Description: Long-term targeted attacks aimed at stealing sensitive information. Prevention: Use advanced security measures and threat intelligence. Fileless Malware: Description: Malware that resides in memory and does not write files to disk. Prevention: Use advanced endpoint protection and regular memory scans. Volume with solid fill Slide 150 Unit 9: Emerging Threats in Malware and Viruses (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS): Description: Ransomware kits sold on the dark web for use by less technical attackers. Prevention: Strengthen security posture and conduct regular backups. Mobile Malware: Description: Malware targeting mobile devices, often through malicious apps. Prevention: Download apps from trusted sources and use mobile security solutions. Volume with solid fill Slide 151 Unit 9: Future Trends in Malware and Virus Protection (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Use: Enhancing detection and response capabilities. Impact: More effective identification of new and evolving threats. Behavioral Analysis: Use: Monitoring system behavior to detect anomalies. Impact: Improved detection of sophisticated and fileless malware. Zero Trust Security Model: Use: Verifying every access request to prevent unauthorized access. Impact: Enhanced security posture against insider and external threats. Volume with solid fill Slide 152 Unit 9: Future Trends in Malware and Virus Protection (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Quantum Computing: Use: Potential for breaking traditional encryption methods. Impact: Need for quantum-resistant encryption algorithms. Increased Collaboration: Use: Sharing threat intelligence among organizations. Impact: Faster identification and mitigation of emerging threats. Volume with solid fill Slide 153 Unit 10: Introduction to Troubleshooting PC Problems - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Learning Objectives: ✔ Troubleshooting PC Problems ✔ Presentation Vocabulary ✔ Conversation Questions ✔ Keywords for Research ✔ Modal Verbs in Use ✔ Phrasal Verbs in Use ✔ Topic Mindmaps ✔ Task Prompts ✔ Self-Study Supplements ✔ Comprehension Checks Slide 154 Unit 10: Basic Troubleshooting Steps (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Identify the Problem: Observation: Note the symptoms and error messages. Questions: Ask about recent changes or actions before the issue occurred. Reproduce the Problem: Consistency: Check if the problem is consistent or intermittent. Conditions: Determine under what conditions the issue occurs. Volume with solid fill Slide 155 Unit 10: Basic Troubleshooting Steps (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Check Connections: Hardware: Ensure all cables and peripherals are properly connected. Power: Verify that the device is receiving power. Restart the System: Simple Fix: Restarting can resolve many temporary issues. Full Shutdown: Sometimes a complete power cycle is needed. Volume with solid fill Slide 156 Unit 10: Troubleshooting Hardware Issues (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials No Power: Symptoms: Computer does not turn on. Solutions: Check power cable, try a different outlet, replace power supply unit (PSU). Overheating: Symptoms: Computer shuts down unexpectedly or runs very hot. Solutions: Clean dust from fans and vents, ensure proper ventilation, replace thermal paste. Volume with solid fill Slide 157 Unit 10: Troubleshooting Hardware Issues (2 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials No Display: Symptoms: Monitor shows no signal. Solutions: Check cable connections, test with another monitor, verify GPU is seated properly. Peripheral Issues: Symptoms: Keyboard, mouse, or other devices not working. Solutions: Check connections, update drivers, test on another computer. Volume with solid fill Slide 158 Unit 10: Troubleshooting Software Issues (1 of 2) - LF-A546/03 IT English Essentials Slow Performance: Symptoms: Computer runs slowly or freezes. Solutions: Close unnecessary programs, check for malware, increase RAM, optimize startup programs. Application Crashes: Symptoms: Specific applications crash or do not respond. Soluti