ITC Prelim Period PDF

It includes functions such as couseling, psychological testing, (i.e. LESSON 1: Introduction to Counseling…………………………… personality, career, interest, aptitude, mental ability, achievement), learning and Guidance...

It includes functions such as couseling, psychological testing, (i.e. LESSON 1: Introduction to Counseling…………………………… personality, career, interest, aptitude, mental ability, achievement), learning and Guidance study orientation, research placement, referral and group processes. It - an umbrella term that includes such a constellation of services aimed includes the teaching of guidance and counseling subjects, particularly at personal and career development and school adjustment those covered in the Licensure Examinations and necessary in other - also describe the overall school program and implies personal human development services. assistance to students, teachers, parents and administrators Counseling LESSON 2: Counselors & Mental Health related Professionals - process in which has been perceived as a process in which someone Types of counselors: who has a problem receives personal assistance, usually through 1. School Counselors private discussion 2. Clinical Mental Health Counselors - term not used exclusively by school counselors or other professional 3. Marriage, Couple and Family Counselors counselors 4. Addiction Counselors - the term “counceling” is used by people in the counseling profession to 5. Career Counselors describe a special type of helping process 6. Rehabilitation and Clinical Counselors - there is a trust relationship in which the focus is on personal meaning 7. Pastoral Counselors of events and experiences. Counseling focuses on personal Mental Health Professionals awareness, interests, attitudes, and values 1. Social Workers - it has a philosophical and theoretical base which conceptualizes - devoted to helping vulnerable people and communities work learning, human behavior, and interpersonal relationships. through challenges they face in everyday life. Social workers - Consider a professional endeavor administered by a professionally practice in a wide variety of settings, united in their trained and certified person commitment to advocating for and improving the lives of - Can be described as a job function and a helping process individuals, families, groups and societies. 2. Psychologist (not a medical doctor & can’t prescribe medication) Goal of Counseling - a professional who practices psychology and studies mental To develop (individual’s): states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social 1. Self-directed processes and behavior. Their work involves the 2. Self-disciplined experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how 3. Productive individuals relate to each other and to their environments. 3 Central Roles of the Counselor 3. Psychiatrist (medical doctor & can prescribe medication) Remedial – assist clients in remedying problems of one kind or - a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and another. (e.g., personal-social counseling, psychotherapy) treatment of mental illness. Preventive – help the client make changes in their personal and 4. Psychoanalysis interpersonal environments to minimize the occurrence of - healthcare provider who specializes mental health of adults problems and forestall remedial work. and children. They practice psychoanalysis, an in-depth form Educative-Developmental – includes various skill training of talk therapy aimed at rooting out psychological problems interventions, couple groups to enhance relationships, growth rooted underneath a person's conscious actions. groups, and workshops. 5. Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses Most activities of counseling psychologist combine all three - requires a wide range of nursing, psychosocial, and neurobiological expertise. PMH nurses promote well-being The primary through prevention and education, in addition to the role of a counselor is to assessment, diagnosis, care, and treatment of mental health assist clients in reaching and substance use disorders. their optimal level of 6. Creative and Expressive Therapists psychosocial functioning - it guides their clients through creative mediums to explore through resolving negative and express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. patterns, prevention, rehabilitation, and improving quality of life. 7. Human Service Professional - is a generic term for people who hold professional and Areas of Overlap with Counseling Psychology paraprofessional jobs in such diverse settings. Clinical: Counseling and therapy - the primary purpose of the human services professional is to Community: Person-environment interactions assist individuals and communities to function as effectively School: Guidance and Counseling as possible in the major domains of living. I/O: Area of career and vocational development 8. Psychotherapists - depending on what degree and specialty they get, Relationship of Guidance and Counseling psychotherapists can be psychiatrists, psychologists, According to Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004 counselors, or social workers. Counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse The profession that involves the use of an integrated approach to the individuals, families and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her to education and career goals. utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her present abilities, - Kaplan, Tarydas and Gladding 2014 interests, and needs.  its early days, concerned with guiding people into the workforce to LESSON 3: History of Counseling…………………..….…………… become productive members of society Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association - Is the Integrated Accredited Professional Organization (IAPO) of the Highlight of Guidance and Couseling in the US Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) for Guidance and 1900 - Frank Parsons and the Vocational Guidance Movement Counseling, as well as a PRC- accredited Continuing Professional WWII - psychological Assessment in Military Recruitment Education (CPE) provider. Great Depression - expansion of counseling roles beyond vocational - The Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association, Inc. (PGCA), concerns formerly known as the Philippine Guidance and Personnel Post WWII - the personal and career problems of veterans, (2) the influx Association, Inc. to higher education Cold War - increased emphasis on school counseling as part of the The Vision of PGCA National Defence Education Act The Premier Philippines professional organization of counselors with international recognition The United States’ entry into World War I brought the need for The Mission of PGCA assessment of large groups of draftees, in large part to select We commit to be in the forefront in the development of counselors who appropriate people for leadership are professional, goal-driven, committed advocates responsive to the These early psychological assessments performed on large groups of needs of their clientele in the promotion of their well-being to make them people were quickly valuable tools to used in the educational system, proactive contributors in the pursuit of a just and humane society. thus beginning the standardized testing movement in the early 21st century is still a strong of US public education Fr. Jamie Bulatao, S.J & Fr. Antonio Ledesma, S.J – from Ateneo At the same time, vocational guidance was spreading throughout the (1964) country, so that by 1918 more than 900 high school had some type of - Broached the idea of a professional organization of guidance workers vocational guidance system to Dr. Esperanza R. Limcaco of U.P 1913 National Vocational Guidance Association was formed and - A number of professionals gathered in response to their call, mostly legitimize and increase the number of guidance counselors guidance counselors, counselor educators, and guidance Early vocational guidance counselors were often teachers appointed supervisors. to the extra duties in addition to their regular teaching responsibilities 1920s and 1930s saw an expansion of counseling roles beyond International Partnerships and Recognition working only with vocational concerns. Social, personal, and April 1981 - PGCA became a member of the Western Region of the educational aspects of a student’s life American Counseling Association (ACA) - the only counseling After World War II a strong trend appeared. One of the main persons organization in Asia that is given the privilege by the USA national indirectly responsible for this shift was the American psychologist counseling association. Carl Rogers. Many in the counseling field adopted his emphasis on “nondirective” 2018 - The Pgca further forged partnerships with the Australian (later called client-centered) counseling Counseling Association (ACA) and with the Association of Rogers published Counseling and Psychotherapy in 1942 and Psychotherapists and Counsellors Singapore (APACS). Client-Centered Therapy in 1951 These two worksdegined a new counseling theory in complete Activities contrast to previous theories in psychology and counseling - Annual Convention This new theory minimized counselors advice- giving and stressed - Midyear Convention the creation of conditions that left the client more in control of the - Continuing Professional Education Programs/Courses counseling content - Research and Publication 1980s to 1990s - Social Responsibility - American school Counseling Association (ASCA) National - Partnerships Standards for Counseling - 3 Core Domains: Academic, Career, Personal-Social History of Guidance and Counseling The guidance (school) counseling formally started at the turn of the History of Counseling in the Philippines 20th century Pre-Colonial Philippines was much like neighboring Indonesia and The foundations of counseling and guidance principles can be traced Malaysia, and counseling still shows vestiges of indigenous from ancient Greece and Rome with the philosophical teachings of help-seeking through Plato (Idealism) and Aristotle (Realism) a. superstition Some of the techniques and skills of modern-day guidance b. Reliance on elders, faith healers, and fortune tellers counselors were practiced by Catholic priests in the Middle Ages, can c. Belief in the supernatural be seen by the dedication to the concept of confidentiality within the - Bulatao, 1992 confessional 1521 the Philippines was rediscovered by Ferdinand Magellan, which Formal guidance programs using specialized textbooks did not start began the Spanish colonization, resulting mainly in religious conquest until the turn of the 20th century The American occupation, from 1898 to 1941 (and military bases into During the Industrial Revolution, the difficulties of people living in the 1990) followed Spanish colonization. Form school to government, urban slums and the widespread use of child labor outraged many the United States has had a strong influence on the country (NSO, One of the consequences was the compulsory education movement 2010) and shortly thereafter the vocational guidance movement, which, in  The language of instruction in the country is English, and greater Professionalization of the Practice of Guidance and Counseling respect is given to anything American over anything Filipino. The It is a profession that: United States has a significant impact on counseling because Filipino 1. involves the use of an integrated approach to the development of counselors and psychologists often trained there (Salazar-Clemena, well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her 2002) 2. to utilize his/her potential to the fullest 3. plan his/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests Guidance and Counseling in the Philippines and needs Counseling as conceived in the United States began in the It includes functions such as: Philippines during the American occupation in 1913 – 1934 1. Counseling 2 colleges in Manila providing guidance services geared toward 2. Psychological testing identifying professions and opportunities for employment. The - as to personality, career interests, establishment of the first psychological clinic at the University of the study orientation, mental ability and aptitude Philippines. 3. Research The growth of Guidance and Counseling was hampered by World 4. Placement War II. 5. Group Process 1940s – 1960s, Counselor training and birth of Professional 6. Teaching and practicing of guidance and counseling subjects, Organizations. particularly subjects given in the licensure examination Prior to 2004, counselors and other mental health workers did not 7. Other human development services need a license to practice, nor was there a regulatory board to ensure adequate training. Guidance Counselor Enactment of RA 9258, Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004. Natural Person Enactment of RA 10029, Psychology Act of 2009. Registered and Issued a valid RA 11036, Mental Health Act of 2018. - Certificate of Registration - Professional Identification Card Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) Perform for a fee, salary or other forms of compensation, the Founded in 1962 functions of guidance and counseling - The PAP endeavors to promote excellence, teaching, research, and the practice of psychology. Its first annual convention was held in QUALIFICATION January 1964 Section 12: Examination Required - All applicants shall be required to - The PAP published the flagship journal Philippine Journal of undergo a licensure examination to be given by the Board and the Psychology, an international refereed journal that aims to promote Commission in such places and dates as the Commission may designate psychological studies in the Philippines and of the Filipino people in accordance with RA 8981 Section 13: Qualifications for Examination - In order to qualify, an Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association (PGCA) applicant must, at the time of of filing the application be: - The Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association (PGCA) is a a. Citizen of the republic of the Philippines or a foreigner whose professional organization for guidance counselors, supervisors, and country has reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of counselor educators conceptualized in 1964 by a group of educators, Guidance and Counseling psychologists, and counselors, some of whom were trained in the b. Has not been convicted of any offense involving moral turpitude by United States. a competent court; and - From the 1970 to 1990, the movement in couseling was primarily c. Holder of a Bachelor’s degree in Guidance and Counseling or in indigenization of assessment, construct, and theories, focusing on other Allied Disciplines and a Master’s Degree in the Philippines or the differences between the counseling models learned in the United abroad recognized or accredited by the CHED. States within the context of Philippine culture and the realities of its social issues SCOPE OF EXAMINATION - Most significant developments in Philippine counseling is the Rule 16: Scope of Examination - The examination shall be in English and guidance and Counseling Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9258). The shall consist of a written test covering the following subjects: Act was intended to professionalize the practice of guidance and a. Philosophical, Psychological and Sociological Foundations of counseling and to create the Professional Regulatory Board of Guidance Guidance and Counseling, b. Counseling Theories, Tools and Techniques c. Psychological Testing Comparative table of Counseling Practice d. Organizational and Administration of Guidance Services Country Regulation Authority Scope of Practice e. Group Process Philippines Government (Professional Specializations (on process f. Career Guidance Regulatory Commission) Weight per subject United States of Government (State Boards) Specializations (certified by a. Foundation of Guidance (10%) America the SBs) Australia Professional Organization Specializations (certified by b. Organization, Administration and Supervision of Guidance org) Services and Program Development (10%) Singapore Professional Organization c. Career Guidance (10%) New Zealand Professional Organization Specializations (certified by d. Psychological Testing (15%) org) e. Group Testing (20%) f. Counseling Theories, Tools and Techniques (35%) WHAT IS A PROGRAM? Psychological Testing Guidance Program - Is the administration and interpretation standardized test in order It is system of services designed to improve the adjustment of each and to better understand the counselee/client and their behavior every person for whom it is organized - It identifies not just weakness of a person, but also their strength and measures an individual’s performance at a specific time. Career Guidance Program The Test include the following types: A system of services designed to help an individual come up with a personality aptitude career plan to meet his/her life goals and to implement the plan career achievement Career Guidance Advocacy Program interest learning and study orientation It is a system of services activities designed to guide the secondary level mental ability learners in choosing the career track they intend to pursue and may be Career Guidance implemented by non-RGCs pursuant to RA 10533 and with respect to RA - is a process of helping an individual come up with personal 9258 career plan by collecting, collating and evaluating various Mental health Program information about the self and the world of work to help the client It is a system services designed to maintain the state of well-being of an meet his/her life goals and take necessary steps to implement individual in order that she/he may realize his/her own abilities and the plan. (Villar, 2009) potentials, copes adequately with the normal stresses of life, displays Research resilience in the face of extreme life events, works productively and This service attempts to: fruitfully, and is able to make a positive contribution to the community Unearth the needs of the institutional community Establish the need for improvement SERVICES Validate ne strategies, techniques and interventions Counseling service Discover different alternatives for attaining goals - A dynamic personal interaction between the counselor and the Placement for Counselor counselee/s This service facilities: - Where counselors employs methods, approaches or techniques The clientele’s movement to the appropriate educational or - Enhance the counselee’s interaction and interpersonal occupational level program development and competencies Entry into the appropriate co-curricular and extra-curricular - May be individualised or group activities - The Counseling Service is the heart of the Guidance Program Pursuit of further education or other employment upon leaving - “Counseling” is considered synonymous to and interchangeable the institution with guidance and counseling. (Rule 3, IRR RA 9258) It is similar to career guidance however it is mostly appropriate for tertiary - “The Practice of Guidance and Counseling depends on gaining level. and honoring the trust of clients.” Referral - Keeping the trust required an attentiveness to the quality of It is a service for the provision of tapping of agencies, organizations, or listening and respect offered to clients, culturally appropriate ways individuals that may be of better assistance in the counselee’s resolution of communicating that are courteous and clear, maintaining of problems and attainment of goal. respect for privacy and dignity, and careful attention to client’s Individual Inventory consent and confidentiality. The collection of extensive about the individual for proper Counseling Process (Cormier and Hackney, 1993) understanding, decision making and placement 1. Relationship Building Information Service 2. Assessment (and Diagnosis) It provides the comprehensive and systematic collection and 3. Formulation of Counseling Goals dissemination of information outside the individual through various 4. Intervention and Problem-Solving methods of programs to assist students in their personal, education and 5. Termination and Follow-up occupational planning. 6. Research and Evaluation Laws affecting the Practice of Guidance and Counseling Psychological First Aid (PFA) 1. 1987 Philippine Constitution - Core Action Principles: Look, Listen and Link (Refer) Article XIV, Sec 3, par 2: Counseling All education institutions shall xxx, strengthen ethical and spiritual - Uses technique in counseling values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage - E.g. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused, etc.) critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency. The Differences between Advice, Guidance and Counseling 2. Batas Pambansa 232, Education Act of 1982 Advise Guidance Counseling Section 9. Right of Students in School - The right to school One Way Process One Way Exchange Two Way Exchange guidance and counseling services for decisions and selecting the Giving an Opinion Showing the Way Explore Problems alternatives in fields of work suited to his potentialities Making Judgement Educating Understand 3. RA10533, Enhanced Basic Education act of 2013 Making a Influencing Problems Section 9. Career Guidance and Counseling Advocacy Recommendation Instructing Resolve, Come to Terms with Problems The DepED, in coordination with the DOLE, the TESDA and the PERSUASIVE ENCOURAGING FACILITATIVE CHED, shall regularly conduct career advocacy activities for secondary level students.  Career Advocacy Activities involve: Right to Privilege Communication Provision of career information and experiences A certified guidance counselor Advising Without the consent of the client be examined as to any Coordinating and making referrals, and may include but are communication or information which has been acquired while not limited to, career talks, career and jobs fairs, parents’ attending to such client orientation, and seminar-workshops on career decision The protection extends the records & secretary or clerk who may not be making. examined, the knowledge of which has been acquired in such capacity. Section 19. Career Advocates include homeroom Any evidence obtained in violation of provision shall be inadmissible for Career advocacy may be conducted by career advocates any purpose of any proceeding and peer facilitators. Exception Career advocates refers to career and employment 1. Client/Service-user poses harm to him/herself and the community guidance counselors who are not registered and licensed 2. Client/Service-user expressly waives his/her right guidance counselors. It include homeroom advisers and 3. Order from the competent Court of Law (via subpoena) teachers of all learning areas who will implement career advocacy activities. The Guidance Counselor’s Career development Path in the Peer facilitators are secondary-level students trained to Philippines Basic Education System assist career advocates 1. Bachelor’s Degree Section 20. Role of the DepED 2. Master in Guidance and Counseling (MA, MAEd, MS, MEd) The DepED shall: 3. Licensure Examination for Guidance Counselors a. Integrate career concepts in the curriculum and undertake 4. Guidance Counselor I (SG-11) reaching in relevant learning areas 5. Guidance Counselor (SG-13) for Life b. Conduct career assessments c. Conduct regular career advocacy activities LESSON 4: Helping Relationship….………………..….…………… 4. RA 11036, Mental Health Act of 2018 National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2004 Mental Health refers to a state of well being in which the individual: “Relationships matter critically. Consistent relationship with caring adults realizes one’s own abilities potentials are essential for health development” copes adequately with normal stresses of life Norman-Murch, 1996 display resilience in the face of extreme life events “All learning takes place in the context of relationships and is critically works productively and fruitfully affected by the the quality of those relationships” able to make a positive contribution to the community What is a Helping Relationship? Mental Health Services refers to psychosocial, psychiatric or - the process of promoting the growth, development, maturity, neurologic activities and programs along the whole range of mental functioning and coping skills of another person. health support services Role of Educational Institutions According to Carl Rogers, the Helping relationship is one of the 1. Promote mental health participants intends that there should come about in one or both parties, 2. Provide basic support services for individual at risk or more appreciation of, more expression of, more functional use of the latent already have a mental health condition inner resources of the individual 3. Establish efficient linkage with other agencies and Effective Helpers Description organizations that provide or make arrangements for provide They …. support, treatment and continuing care Identify with people rather than Mature All public and private educational institutions shall be required to with things Care deeply about others have a complement of mental health professionals. Have capacity to cope Are compassionate Employers shall develop appropriate policies and programs on Are warm and accessible Are human mental health in the workplace designed to: Inspire confidence and trust raise awareness on mental health issues Correct the stigma and discrimination associated with mental Characteristics of the Effective Helping Professionals health conditions 1. Empathy - have a deep understanding of the other identify and provide support for individual at risk person’s point of view facilitate access of individuals with mental health conditions 2 Open-Mindedness - allow to express their point of view to treatment and psychosocial support 3 Acceptance - have high regard for others & their differences 5. RA 11260, Secondary School Guidance and Counseling Act - unconditional positive regards 1. National Secondary School Career Guidance and 4 Cognitive - understand the world and the complexities of Counseling Program Complexity social forces acting on individual behavior 2. CGCP Centers 5 Psychological - looking deeply within 3. National Career Assessment Examination Adjustment - self-awareness 6 Genuineness - congruent actions with feelings Some Ethical Consideration - transparent readily show feelings to others Counselor Supervision 7 Builds Relationship- client is dependent on the relationship Supervisors and managers have a responsibility to help practitioners between client and helper acquire professional competencies, maintain and enhance further the 8 Competence - helpers expertise guidance and counseling practice for client's welfare. - desire for continual learning