ITC Lesson 1_compressed.pdf

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF TECHNOLOGY Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Learning Objectives (1 of 2) Explain why it is essential to learn about computers today and discuss several ways computers are integrated into our business and personal lives. Define a computer and describe its primary operations. List some important milestones in computer evolution. Identify the major parts of a personal computer, including input, processing, output, storage, and communications hardware. Define software and understand how it is used to instruct the computer what to do. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Learning Objectives (2 of 2) List the six basic types of computers, giving at least one example of each type of computer and stating what that computer might be used for. Explain what a network, the Internet, and the World Wide Web are, as well as how computers, people, and Web pages are identified on the Internet. Describe how to access a Web page and navigate through a Web site. Discuss the societal impact of computers, including some benefits and risks related to their prominence in our society. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Overview This chapter covers: What computers are, how they work, and how they are used Computer terminology An overview of the history of computers The basic types of computers in use today How to access resources on the Internet The societal impact of computers Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Why Learn About Computers and Technology? Pervasive computing Also known as ubiquitous computing Computers are everywhere and have become an integral part of our lives Before 1980 Computers were large and expensive Very few people had access to them Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Early Personal Computer Use Early 19 80 s Microcomputers (inexpensive personal computers) were invented Dramatic increase in computer use Early 19 90 s The World Wide Web (W W W) and the graphical Web browser were invented Increased the purchase and use of computers for personal use Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computers and Technology Today Most households have a computer or smartphone, and most individuals use a computer device at work Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities, such as to: Check e-mail on living room television Make telephone calls via a computer View Internet content on a smartphone Computer literacy (understanding what a computer is and how it works) is an essential skill for everyone Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Convergence FIGURE 1-1: Convergence. Many devices today include computing or Internet capabilities. Source: Amazon.com, Inc. TELEVISIONS SMARTPHONES Can be used to access Web pages, e-mail, Can be used to access Web pages, e-mail, streaming movies, and other Internet content,in movies, and other Internet content; play music; addition to viewing T V content. run apps and games; and take photos, in addition to making phone calls. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computing Devices in the Home (1 of 2) Computers are used for a variety of tasks: Looking up information and news Exchanging e-mail Shopping and paying bills Watching T V, videos, and movies Downloading music and movies Organizing digital photographs Playing games Making vacation plans Other reference, productivity, or entertainment tasks Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computing Devices in the Home (2 of 2) Common technologies Wireless networking Computers can be used in nearly any location Smart appliances Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology Smart homes Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house or a smartphone Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computing Devices in Education Most children and teens have used computers all their lives Computer labs and classrooms Most students today have access to computers at school Some schools integrate e-books into the curriculum Some schools supply or require a device Wireless hotspots Allow students to access the Internet and campus resources Distance learning Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom setting using computers and Internet access Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Computing Devices in Education (1 of 2) FIGURE 1-3: Technology use in education. COMPUTER LABS AND CLASSROOMS CAMPUS WIRELESS HOTSPOTS Students Computers and Internet access are often can often access the Internet from anywhere on available in the classroom and/or a campus to do research, check e-mail, and computer lab for student use. more, via a campus hotspot. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Computing Devices in Education (2 of 2) FIGURE 1-3: Technology use in education. Source: Denver Makle, 7th Army JMTC DISTANCE LEARNING With distance learning, students—such as these U.S. Army soldiers—can take classes from home or wherever they happen to be at the moment. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computing Devices on the Job Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool Used by all types of employees Used for decision-making, productivity, and communications Used for access control and other security measures Used by service professionals Used extensively by the military Often requires periodically updating computer skills Some jobs exist because computers exist Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Computing Devices on the Job (1 of 2) FIGURE 1-4: Technology use on job. DECISION MAKING PRODUCTIVITY Computers are used to help make Computers are used to perform on-the-job on-the-job decisions. tasks efficiently and accurately. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Computing Devices on the Job (2 of 2) FIGURE 1-4: Technology use on job. OFF-SITE COMMUNICATIONS Portable devices are used to record data, access data, or communicate with others. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computing Devices on the Go Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life Consumer kiosks A T M transactions P O S systems at retail stores Self-checkout systems Consumer authentication systems Portable computers Smartphones and smart watches G P S systems Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Computing Devices on the Go (1 of 2) FIGURE 1-5: Technology use while on the go. Source: Redbox Automated Retail, LLC Source: Sony Electronics CONSUMER KIOSKS MOBILE DEVICES Are widely available to view conference or gift registry Enable individuals to remain in touch with others information, print photographs, order products or and to access internet resources while on the go. services, and more. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Computing Devices on the Go (2 of 2) FIGURE 1-5: Technology use while on the go. Source: Verifone Source: Sony Electronics MOBILE PAYMENT SYSTEMS WEARABLE DEVICES Allow individuals to pay for purchases Enable individuals to easily view smartphone using a smartphone or other device. messages or their fitness activities while on the go. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and You Restaurant iPad Ordering Systems Used in conjunction with e- menus Customers can place and pay for orders Can provide more resources to customers Source: Square, Inc. Restaurant iPad ordering system. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. What Is a Computer and What Does It Do? A computer is a programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, and stores the data Its instructions, called programs, determine the tasks the computer will perform Basic operations (the I P O S cycle) Input: Entering data into the computer Processing: Performing operations on the data Output: Presenting the results Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use Communications: Sending or receiving data Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The IPOS Cycle FIGURE 1-4: The information processing cycle. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Data versus Information Data is raw, unorganized facts Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video Information is data that has been processed into a meaningful form Information processing is the conversion of data into information Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computers Then and Now: Precomputers and Early Computers The computer as we know it is a fairly recent invention The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development Precomputers and early computers (before approx. 19 46) Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computers Then and Now: First and Second Generation Computers First-generation computers (1946-1957) Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat ENIAC and UNIVAC Second-generation computers (1958-1963) Used transistors Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable Punch cards and magnetic tape were used for input Punch cards and paper were used for output Magnetic tape was used for storage Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computers Then and Now: Third and Fourth Generation Computers Third-generation computers (approximately 1964–1970) Used integrated circuits (ICs), which consist of transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip Keyboards were used for input; monitors for output Hard drives were used for storage Fourth-generation computers (approximately 1971–present) Use microprocessors, which contain the core processing of an entire computer on a single chip Keyboards and mice are used for input; monitors and printers for output; hard drives, flash memory media, and optical discs for storage Networks and the Internet were developed Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computers Then and Now: Fifth Generation Computers FIGURE 1-7: A brief look at computer Fifth-generation (now and the future) generations. Most commonly defined as being based on artificial intelligence (AI) Some aspects like voice and touch input are used today Future computers may be different, such as: Optical computers Tiny computers that utilize Source: IBM Corporate Archives, U.S. Army; IBM Corporation nanotechnology FIFTH-GENERATION COMPUTERS Some General-purpose computers built into aspects of ‰ fifth-generation computers, such as the everyday devices natural language input and artificial intelligence used by the IBM Watson computer shown competing on Jeopardy! here, already exist. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hardware Hardware is the physical parts of a computer Internal hardware Located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer External hardware Located outside the system unit Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection Hardware devices are associated with all five computer operations Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Input, Processing and Output Devices Input devices Used to input data into the computer Include keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, microphones, pens, touch pads, touch screens, fingerprint readers, etc. Processing devices Includes the central processing unit (CPU), which performs calculations and controls the computer’s operation Also includes additional processors, such as the graphics processing unit (GPU), and memory Output devices Present results to the user Includes monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, etc. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Storage and Communications Devices Storage devices Used to store data on or access data from storage media Include hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flash drives, etc. Communications devices Allow users to communicate with others and to electronically access remote information Includes modems, network adapters, routers, etc. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Hardware FIGURE 1-9: Typical computer hardware. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Software Software is the program or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do System software allows the computer to operate Includes the operating system, which starts up the computer and controls its operation Without an operating system, a computer cannot function The operating system boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s direction Most use graphical objects to interact with the user via icons, buttons, tiles, etc. Includes Windows, O S X, Linux, Android, I O S, etc. The Windows desktop is the work area for Windows P C s Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Windows Desktop FIGURE 1-10: The Windows Desktop. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Application Software (Apps) Application software (apps) perform specific tasks or applications Creating letters, budgets, etc. Managing inventory and customer databases Editing photographs Scheduling appointments Viewing Web pages Exchanging e-mail Burning DVDs Designing homes Playing games, watching videos, listening to music Writing computer programs and creating Web pages Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Application Software FIGURE 1-11: Examples of Application Software. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computer Users and Professionals Computer users (end users) use a computer to perform tasks or to obtain information Computer professionals include: Programmers Write programs that computers use Systems analysts Design computer systems Computer operations personnel Manage day-to-day computer operations Security specialists Secure computers and networks against hackers Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computers To Fit Every Need Six basic categories of computers: Embedded computers Mobile devices Personal computers Servers Mainframe computers Supercomputers Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Embedded Computers An embedded computer is FIGURE 1-12: Google’s self-driving car designed to perform specific tasks or prototype. functions for the product in which it is embedded Household appliances Thermostats Sewing machines Treadmills Answering machines Cars Self-driving cars Source: Google Inc. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Mobile Devices FIGURE 1-13: Mobile Devices. A mobile device is a very small device with some type of built-in computing or Internet capability Typically has a small screen and keyboard Many use voice or touch input Can perform Internet searches, pay for products, and view documents Include smartphones, handheld gaming devices, tablets, and smart watches Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trend Apple Watch Designed to work in conjunction with an iPhone for much of its functionality Launch apps and select options via touch Also supports voice input Apple Pay enables you to make payments via a store’s contactless payment terminal Source: Apple, Inc. Apple Watch Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Inside the Industry Smartphone Driver Licenses Several states are currently testing, and likely implementing, digital driver licenses (DDLs) DDLs resemble your paper driver license, and contain the same information DDLs are mobile apps that can contain additional features Some issues need to be resolved before widespread use A smartphone driver license. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Personal Computers (PCs) A personal computer (PC) is a small computer designed to be used FIGURE 1-14: Desktop computers. by one person at a time Originally called a microcomputer Available in different sizes and shapes Desktop computers Sit on or next to a desk Tower case, desktop case, or all-in- one Source: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.; PC or Macintosh TOWER COMPUTERS Apple, Inc. Not portable MINI DESKTOP COMPUTERS Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Portable Computers A portable computer is designed to be carried around easily Notebook (laptop) computers Typically use a clamshell design Tablet computers Usually use a digital pen/stylus or touch screen No physical keyboard; on-screen or attached keyboard Hybrid notebook-tablet computers Can function as either a notebook or a tablet Netbooks Smaller; designed for accessing Internet resources Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Portable Computers FIGURE 1-15: Portable Computers. Source: Toshiba NOTEBOOKS TABLETS HYBRID NOTEBOOK- TABLETS Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Thin Client and Internet Appliances A thin client is designed to utilize a network for much of its processing Advantages include lower cost, increased security, and easier maintenance Disadvantages include limited or no local storage and the inability to function if the network is down An Internet appliance is an ordinary device that can be used for accessing the Internet Some use apps to deliver news, sports scores, weather, music, and other Web-based information Include smart T V s, refrigerators, and other appliances Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Servers A server is a midrange computer used to host programs and data for a small network Users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal Virtualization refers to creating virtual rather than actual server environments Used to share a server for increased efficiency Desktop virtualization delivers a user’s desktop to his or her current FIGURE 1-17: Servers. Are used to host data device and programs, such as for a school computer lab or medical office network. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Mainframe Computers A mainframe computer is a powerful computer used by many large organizations to manage large amounts of centralized data Often used in hospitals, universities, large businesses, banks, government offices, etc. Located in climate-controlled data centers and connected to the rest of the company computers via a network Runs programs to meet the needs of a wide variety of users, as well as large processing tasks during off hours Often uses virtualization; used for new and emerging needs such as processing data from smart meters and running social networks Also called high-end servers or enterprise-class servers Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Example of a Mainframe Computer FIGURE 1-18: Mainframes. Perform large processing tasks. Source: IBM Corporation Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Supercomputers A supercomputer is the fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer Generally run one program at a time, as fast as possible New applications include hosting extremely complex Web sites and three- dimensional applications Can cost several million dollars each Tend to be very large and contain a large number of processors Example: Titan is one of the fastest computers in the world Contains more than 300,000 processors Peak speed is 27,000 calculations per second Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Example of a Supercomputer FIGURE 1-19: Supercomputers. Have immense processing speed and capabilities. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Computer Networks and the Internet A computer network is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together Users can share hardware, software, and data Users can communicate with each other Users can share an Internet connection Most computers and mobile devices today connect to a computer network Examples include small and large business networks, school networks, home networks, public wireless networks, and mobile telephone networks Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Example of a Computer Network FIGURE 1-20: Example of a Computer Network. Source: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.; Blend Images/Shutterstock.com; g-stockstudio/Shutterstock.com; iStockphoto.com/PeopleImages; Courtesy of Dell Inc. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. What Are the Internet and the World Wide Web? The Internet is the largest/most well-known computer network in the world Individuals connect using an Internet service provider (ISP) ISPs connect to regional networks, which connect to backbone networks, which connect to form the Internet The World Wide Web (Web) is one resource (a vast collection of Web pages) available through the Internet Web pages typically contain hyperlinks Web sites contain Web pages stored on Web servers Web pages are viewed using a Web browser (Edge, Internet Explorer (IE), Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, etc.) Web pages offer a wide variety of information and uses Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Examples of Common Web Activities FIGURE 1-21: Some Common Web Activities. Source: Google Inc.; Amazon.com, Inc.; Netflix; Instagram; Facebook Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Accessing a Network or the Internet Need a network adapter to connect Many networks require a username and password Internet connections can be: Direct (always-on) connections Dial-up connections Internet addresses access resources on the Internet The most common types of Internet addresses: IP addresses and domain names (to identify computers) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) identifies Web pages E-mail addresses (username) identifies person) Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. IP Addresses and Domain Names (1 of 2) FIGURE 1-22: Sample top level domains (TLDs). An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a numeric address ORIGINAL T L D S INTENDED USE that identifies computers (such.com Commercial businesses as 134.170.185.46).edu Educational institutions A domain name is a name.gov Government organizations (such as microsoft.com) that corresponds to an IP address.int International treaty organizations The top-level domain (TLD) is.mil Military organizations the far right part of the name and identifies the type of the.net Network providers and I S P s organization or its location.org Noncommercial organizations Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. IP Addresses and Domain Names (2 of 2) NEWER T L D S INTENDED USE.aero Aviation industry.biz Entrepreneurs and growing businesses.expert Individuals branding themselves as an expert FIGURE 1-22: Sample top level.fr French businesses domains (TLDs) (Continued).info Resource sites.jobs Employment sites.name Individuals (personal branding).nyc New York City businesses.us United States businesses Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) A Uniform Resource Locator (U R L) uniquely identifies a Web page It indicates: The protocol or standard being used, such as: http:// for Web pages https:// for secure Web pages ftp:// for some file transfers The Web server hosting the page The names of the folders in which the Web page file is stored The Web page’s filename Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Example of a Web Page URL FIGURE 1-23: A Web Page URL. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. E-Mail Addresses An e-mail address consists of: A username An identifying name (unique within a domain name) The @ symbol The domain name for the computer that will be handling the person’s e-mail (mail server) Pronouncing Internet addresses FIGURE 1-24: Pronouncing Internet addresses. TYPE OF ADDRESS SAMPLE ADDRESS PRONUNCIATION Domain name berkeley.edu berkeley dot e d u URL irs.gov/freefile i r s dot gov slash free file E-mail address [email protected] president at white house dot gov Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. How It Works Cloud Computing Resources stored on computers in a “cloud” of computers rather than on users’ computers Resources are available on demand, accessible to any Web-enabled device Cloud data is safe if the device is lost, stolen, or damaged Google Docs and Google Drive are shown here Source: Google Inc. - Google Drive and Docs. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Surfing the Web A Web browser is used to display Web pages The browser’s starting page or home page is the first page displayed when the browser is opened Users can change their browser’s home page From the home page, other Web pages can be accessed To view a Web page: Type a URL in the Address bar Click a hyperlink (graphics or text linked to other Web pages) located on a Web page Choose a Web page saved as a Favorite/bookmark or a Web page from the History List Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Searching the Web A search site is a Web page that help you locate Web pages and other resources Typically search using keywords Reference sites are designed to let you look up addresses, telephone numbers, ZIP codes, maps, and other reference information You can find reference sites using a search site Source: Google Inc. FIGURE 1-26: Google displayed in the Edge browser. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. E-Mail Electronic mail (e-mail) is the process of exchanging electronic messages between individuals over a network One of the most widely used Internet applications Can be sent and received via an installed e-mail program, or a Web mail service or app Conventional Web-Based Microsoft Outlook Gmail OS X Mail Outlook.com Can contain photos and other attached files Mobile e-mail may be charged against data usage Other types of mobile communications include text messages and multimedia messages Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. How E-Mail Works FIGURE 1-27: How e-Mail works. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and Society: Benefits The vast improvements in technology over the past decade have had a distinct impact on daily life, at home, and at work Benefits of a technology-oriented society include: Design before construction leads to safer products Earlier medical diagnoses and more effective treatment Devices that allow physically and/or visually challenged individuals to perform job tasks Documents e-mailed or faxed in moments Download information, music, movies, and more on demand Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and Society: Risks Risks of a technology-oriented society include: Stress and health concerns Security issues Computer viruses and malware Identity theft and phishing Privacy issues Spam How collected data is used How secure the collected data is Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and Society: Online Communications Differences in online communications Less formal than traditional communications Netiquette Be polite and considerate of others Refrain from offensive remarks Abbreviations (acronyms) and emoticons are often used Acronyms, such as B T W (by the way) Emoticons (typically illustrations of faces), such as ☺ Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and Society: Netiquette (1 of 2) FIGURE 1-30: Netiquette. Use these netiquette guidelines and common sense when communicating online. RULE EXPLANATION Use descriptive subject Use short, descriptive subject lines for e-mail messages and lines online posts. For example, “Question regarding your online classes” is much better than a vague title, such as “Question.” Don’t shout SHOUTING REFERS TO TYPING YOUR ENTIRE E-MAIL MESSAGE OR ONLINE POST USING CAPITAL LETTERS. Use capital letters only when it is grammatically correct to do so or for emphasizing a few words. Watch what you say Things that you say or write online can be interpreted as being sexist, racist, or in just general bad taste. Also check spelling and grammar—typos look unprofessional and nobody likes wading through poorly written materials. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and Society: Netiquette (2 of 2) FIGURE 1-30: Netiquette. Use these netiquette guidelines and common sense when communicating online. RULE EXPLANATION Don’t spam your Don’t hit Reply All to an e-mail when a simple Reply will do. The contacts same goes for forwarding e-mail chain letters, reposting every joke you run across, or sending every funny YouTube video you find—to everyone you know. Be cautious Don’t give out personal information—such as your real name, telephone number, or credit card information—to people you meet online. Think before you send Once you send an e-mail or text message or post something online, or post you lose control of it. Don’t include content (such as compromising photos of yourself) that you would not want shared with others, and don’t tag people in photos that are unflattering to them. In addition, don’t e-mail or post anything if emotions are running high—wait until you calm down. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technology and Society: Anonymity and Integrity The anonymity factor Online communications can be anonymous Anonymity gives many individuals a sense of freedom Online anonymity can also be abused Information integrity Use common sense when evaluating online content Check your sources—not all information on the Internet is accurate Double-check information before using it or passing it on to others Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Summary Technology in Your Life What is a Computer and What Does It Do? Computers to Fit Every Need Computer Networks and the Internet Technology and Society Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Collaboration Team’s will discuss of the Primary and Secondary Roles as IT professionals Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Latest Trends Report 1. Get/Capture the complete material (include the reference), 2. Prepare an outline of your report, and 3. Make a presentation good for ten (10) minutes Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The class is dismissed. Thank you for deciding to attend today’s lesson. Stay well everyone. Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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