Italy Border Penalty PDF
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Università di Torino
Valeria Ferraris
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Summary
This presentation, likely part of a university lecture on border criminology, examines Italy's approach to migration control. It explores various aspects of border policies, including detention practices, and the broader effects on migrant populations. Key topics involve the geopolitical context of migration, different levels of migration controls and policies, and the role of Italian prisons in border penalities.
Full Transcript
Global crimes (border criminology) VALERIA FERRARIS THURSDAY AND FRIDAY 2-4 PM Italy’s Geopolitical Significance: Key entry point for Central Mediterranean migrati...
Global crimes (border criminology) VALERIA FERRARIS THURSDAY AND FRIDAY 2-4 PM Italy’s Geopolitical Significance: Key entry point for Central Mediterranean migration. No deportation but no leniency here. Multi- Important transit country to Northern and faceted bordered Central Europe. penality in Italy Common Perception of Italian Migration Control: Seen as lenient with low deportation enforcement. Mix of formal and informal control practices. Bordered Penality: Management of migrants through various control mechanisms, not necessarily deportation but punitive Continuum of Confinement: Multiple overlapping forms of detention Key Includes pre-removal centers, hotspots, emergency Concepts reception centers, and prisons Banoptical: A surveillance approach targeting specific groups (e.g., migrants) for exclusion and control. It emphasizes practices like deportation and detention to manage and exclude these populations. Italy as Migration Gateway Geographical Context: Long coastline and proximity to politically unstable regions. Migration Trends: Shifts in migration patterns due to political crises (e.g., North Africa, Balkans). Key agreements influencing migration (e.g., Italy-Libya Treaties). Italy as Migration Gateway 200000 181436 180000 New MoU between 170100 Italy and Lybia Sea Arrivals 160000 153842 140000 120000 119369 Mare Nostrum 104484 100000 30 august 2008 Operation Treaty of 80000 friendship Italy Refugee crisis Arab Spring and Lybia 67477 60000 62692 49999 40000 38134 42925 36951 34154 26817 22343 23719 22939 22016 20455 23370 20000 20143 14331 13635 13267 11471 9573 4406 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Italy as Migration Gateway Political Instrumentalization of Migration : Frequently used as a political tool to gain electoral support Shifting narratives: From irregular migrants and clandestino towards asylum seekers as potential terrorists and welfare exploiters "Emergency" Approach : Treating migration as a temporary crisis rather than a structural challenge (-> stricter border controls and heavier reliance on detention centres) The Role of the Shadow Economy: Irregular migrants often employed in sectors that rely on cheap, exploitable labour (e.g., construction, agriculture, domestic work), driving the underground economy Low Deportation Rates: 0.6% of undocumented migrants deported in 2022 Deportation gaps and targeted nationalities (e.g., Migration Tunisians) Control Mechanisms Confinement Beyond Deportation: Governance through continuous cycles of containment Movement between pre-removal centers, hotspots, and the territory Structure of Confinement in Italy Three-Tier Facility System: 1. Pre-Removal Detention Centers (CPRs): Holding illegalized migrants pending deportation 2. Hotspots: Screening centers with de facto detention conditions 3. Emergency Reception Centres (CAS): Temporary accommodation for asylum seekers Pre-removal Detention Centers: neither pragmatic nor managerial Pre-Removal Detention Centers: Nine operational centers as of 2023 Low deportation efficiency (
