IT1090 - Lecture 01.pptx

IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information Systems and Data Modeling IT1090 1 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090...

IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information Systems and Data Modeling IT1090 1 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Contact Person Lecturer In Charge: Ms. Manori Gamage Lecturers: Prof. Mahesha Kapurubandara Dr. Amitha Caldera Ms. Sanjeevi Chandrasiri Ms. Thamali Kelegama Ms. Tharushi Rubasinghe Enrolment Key: IT1090 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Learning Outcomes Learning Description Outcome LO1 Explain the importance and impact of information systems in business organizations. LO2 Evaluate the information systems strategies to achieve organizational goals. LO3 Model data requirements using data models. LO4 Apply formal methods to refine the data model. LO5 Use SQL to store and modify the data in the database, and to write queries to satisfy real world application level problems. SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Module Delivery Lectures 2 × 1 hours of lectures per week Tutorials 1 × 1 hour tutorial per week Lab Sessions 2 × 1 hours of lab session per week SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Assessment Criteria Assessment components Contribution to Learning the final grade outcomes covered Continuous assessments Mid-term Examination 20% LO1-LO3 Assignment (Group) 20% LO1-LO5 Final Examinations Final Examination (individual) 60% LO1-LO5 Total 100% SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Primary References 1. Laudon, K.C and Laudon, J.P., Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 13th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Ramakrishnan, R. and Gehrke, J., Database Management Systems, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill 3. SQL Server 2016 Documentation 4. Elmasri, R. and Navathe, S.B., Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th ed., Addison-Wesley. 5. Silberschatz A., Korth H.F. and Sudarchan S., Database Systems Concepts, 3rd ed., McGrawHill , 1996 6. Connolly and Begg, Database Systems: A Practical Approach to design, Implementation and management, 3rd ed., Addison-Wesley SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information systems in business organizations Lecture – 01 7 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Learning Outcome LO1: Explain the importance and impact of information systems in business organizations. SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling What is a System? SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Example 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 10 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling A System An array of components that work together to achieve a goal or goals components work together achieve a goal 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 11 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling A System Accepts input Processes input Produces output 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 12 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling A System May have multiple goals Eg: Goals of the human body To Be Alive (Ultimate Goal) To Work To Survive Contains Subsystems 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 13 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling What is a Subsystem..? 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 14 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 15 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling A Subsystem is a component of a system, it can also be considered a system in its own right. Human Body Respirato Skeletal Muscular Digestive Nervous ry System System System System System have sub-goals that meet the main goal transfer output to other subsystems SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 16 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Subsystems Transfer Output to Other Subsystems 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 17 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling What is an Information System? 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 18 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling An Information System Collection of components that work together to provide information to help in the operations and management of an organization. 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 19 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information Systems An Information System collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. Information System is an arrangement of people, data, processes, information presentation, and IT that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in an organization. (As well as support the problem solving and decision-making needs of various people) An Information System is not necessarily be computerized. 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 20 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Components of an Information System 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 21 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Components of an Information System Hardware - Equipment such as computers Software - Instructions for the equipment Stored Data - Facts stored in the system Personnel - People who operate the system Procedures - for the user to follow 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 22 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Examples of Information Systems Library Information Systems Banking systems Inventory control systems Billing systems Hospital management systems Hotel reservation systems What are the information systems you know..? 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 23 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling E.g.: SLIIT Library Information System 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 24 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling E.g.: SLIIT Library Information System Let’s look at the library information system at SLIIT which provides the facility to borrow books for studies Borrowing involves; students and staff registering to the system, selecting the desired material from the library and library assistant recoding 09/07/2024 it of Computing SLIIT - Faculty 25 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling E.g.: SLIIT Library Information System What information does this system provide? Periodically the system reports on the books available, books overdue, membership Calculates fines for overdue books Check for valid membership 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 26 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling E.g.: SLIIT Library Information System How does this information help? This helps the Librarian to decide whether to understand the needs of the membership (add new books), track the borrowings and over dues, easy communication with membership 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 27 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Functions of an Information System 28 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Functions of an Information System An Information System accepts facts or data from outside the system, stores and processes the facts, and produces the results for use outside the system 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 29 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Functions of an Information System Input Function accepts the input data from outside the system. Storage Function retains input data and retrieves stored data. Processing Function calculates and in other ways manipulates the input and stored data. Output Function produces results of processing for use outside the system. 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 30 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Functions of an Information System 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 31 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Characteristics of Useful Information Not all information is useful. Useful information should be: Relevant Complete Accurate Current Obtained economically (in business) 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 32 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information Systems Users 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 33 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information System Users An information system user is a non- computer-oriented person who gains some benefit from using an information system in his or her personal or work life Sometimes called as an end-user, to distinguish from computer professionals 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 34 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Information System Users When you go to a fast-food restaurant and buy a hamburger, the counter person is the user of the retail food system When you go to a retail goods store and buy some essential items, the cashier is the user of the point of sales system 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 35 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Types of Information Systems Users  Direct Users - Users may use an information system directly by pressing keys on a computer keyboard or by operating a piece of equipment that sends input data to a computer Eg.: A person using spreadsheet software to do financial projections  In-direct Users - A user may use an information system indirectly by having someone else enter the data and receive the output which is then given to the user Eg.: A sales manager who receives periodic, printed sales reports 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 36 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Any information system you know..?? 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 37 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Are Systems Unique..? Some systems are unique to a particular industry; Eg.: Health care industry Patient-scheduling systems Nursing allocation systems Pharmaceutical systems 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 38 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Are Systems general…? Some systems are general enough for the use in a variety of industries; Inventory Payroll Billing Invoice Processing Human Resource Management Personal Productivity software 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 39 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Categorization of Information Systems So, we need a way to categorize Information Systems. There are many ways; By number of people whose work is affected by the system By organizational structure By major functions By support provided 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 40 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Types of Information Systems Personal Information Systems Workgroup Information Systems Organizational Information Systems Inter-organizational Information systems Global Information systems 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 41 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Benefits of Information Systems Better information Improved service Increased productivity Competitive Advantage 09/07/2024 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing 42 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling How organizations use IS Today Information systems transform business : Increase in wireless technology use, Websites. Increased business use of Web technologies. Cloud computing, mobile digital platform allow more distributed work, decision-making, and collaboration. Globalization opportunities : Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating on global scale. Presents both challenges and opportunities. 43 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling How organizations use IS Today In the emerging, fully digital firm : Significant business relationships are digitally enabled and mediated. Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks. Key corporate assets are managed digitally. Digital firms offer greater flexibility in organization and management : Time shifting, Space shifting 44 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling How organizations use IS Today Growing interdependence between ability to use information technology and ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals. 45 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling How organizations use IS Today Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives: 1) Operational Excellence 2) New products, services, and business models 3) Customer and Supplier intimacy 4) Improved decision making 5) Competitive Advantage 6) Survival 46 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 1) Operational Excellence Improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability. Information systems, technology an important tool in achieving greater efficiency and productivity. 47 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 1) Operational Excellence cont. E.g.: Pick Me's vehicle reservation system connecting driver and traveler based on location-based services (GPS). 48 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 1) Operational Excellence cont. E.g.: Pizzahut’s ordering system providing an interactive menu for customers to place an order. 49 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 1) Operational Excellence cont. E.g.: Cargill’s Foodcity’s point of sales (POS) system allows the counter person to calculate payments. 50 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 2) New Products, Services, and Business Models Business model: describes how company produces, delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth. Information systems and technology a major enabling tool for new products, services, business models. 51 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 2) New Products, Services, and Business Models cont. E.g.: Online business model of Amazon.com 52 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 2) New Products, Services, and Business Models cont. E.g.: Apple’s iTunes 53 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 2) New Products, Services, and Business Models cont. E.g.: Google’s apps store for mobile applications 54 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 3) Customer and Supplier Intimacy Serving customers well leads to customers returning, which raises revenues and profits E.g.: High-end hotels that use computers to track customer preferences and use to monitor and customize environment 55 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 3) Customer and Supplier Intimacy Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs, which lowers costs E.g.: Brandix’s information system which links supplier to contract manufacturer 56 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 4) Improved Decision Making Without accurate information: Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck. Leads to: Overproduction, underproduction of goods and services Misallocation of resources Poor response times Poor outcomes raise costs, lose customers. 57 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 4) Improved Decision-Making cont. E.g.: Verizon’s Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers with real-time data on customer complaints, network performance, line outages. 58 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 5) Competitive Advantage Delivering better performance Charging less for superior products Responding to customers and suppliers in real time 59 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 5) Competitive Advantage cont. E.g.: Online banking for customers. 60 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 5) Competitive Advantage cont. E.g.: UPS online product tracking system for shipping and delivery. 61 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 6) Survival Some industries are heavily dependent on technology. Hence all businesses in the industry need to maintain the basic technologies used in the industry. 62 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling 6) Survival cont. E.g.: ATM systems for banks. 63 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling End of Lecture - 01 Questions..? SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Reference K. C. Laudon and J.P. Laudon, “Management Information Systems: Managing the digital Firm”, Chapter 1, INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS TODAY, 13th Ed, 2014 65 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing IT1090 - Information Systems and Data Modeling Next Lecture Gaining competitive advantage using information systems 66 SLIIT - Faculty of Computing