IS 2720 (Part III/Sec 1)-1980 Methods of Test for Soils PDF

इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to inform...

इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 2720-3-1 (1980): Methods of test for soils, Part 3: Determination of specific gravity, Section 1: Fine grained soils [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering] “!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह” है” ह Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”  f$ I 2720 ( Part III/k i ) - 1980 ( Reaffirmed 2002 ) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART III DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Grained Soils ( First Revision ) First Reprint APRIL 1989 UDC 624.131.431.1 @ Copyright 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS hlANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 2 Decernhrr 1YSO  t8:2720(hdIl/Secl)-h80 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART III DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Gralned Soils ( First Revision) Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chainnan Repremlfing DB JAODIBHNAMIN University of Roorkee, Roorkee ADDITIONAL DIBIOTOB, IRI Irrigation Department, Government of Bihar, Patna ADDITIONAL DI~WTO~ REEEABOE Ministry of Railways ( F. E. ), RDSO DEPUTY DIREOTO~ ~~E~BOR PBor ~;-B&H 1, RDSO ( Alh+ 1 Unlve-rsity of Jodhpur, Jodhpur CAL AVTA~ SINGE Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters LT-COL V. K. KANITXAB ( Ahnuts ) Da A. BANERJEE Cemindia Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. GUPTA ( Ahmale ) DR R. K. BHANDARI Central Building Research Instittite, Roorkea CHIEF ENWNEEB ( B&R ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh Da G. S. Dhillon ( AlternaIe ) SHRI M. G. DANDAVATB The Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHBI N. C. DUWUL ( Ahnuts ) SERI A. G. DASTIDAB In personal capacitv (5 H&I rr ad Courr, 12/l Hunbwfwd Strut, Colcut~aRX&/, DR G. S. DHILLON Indian eotechnical Society, New Delhi DIREOTOR, IRI Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee @ Cow+ 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Cobrig& Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. IS 8 2720 ( Part III/Set 1) - 1980 ( Contiwdfrom pa&y 1) Mambers Rqmwnting SERI A. H. DIVANJI Asia Foundations & Construction (P) Ltd, Bombay SHRI A. N. JANQLE ( Ahmate ) Pnos GOPALRANJAN University of Roorkee, Roorkee Pnov GOPAL RANJAN Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta Da SHASHI K. GULAATI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DR G. B. RAO ( Altcrnntc ) San1 0. P. MALHOTBA Public Works Department, Chandigarh Adminis- tration, Chandigarh SERI T. K. NATBAJAN Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi PRESIDENT( IMDA ) All India Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Bombay DEPUTY SECRETARY( AIIMDA ) ( Altcrnatc ) SH~I R. V. RANTHIDEVAN Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR( CSMRS ) ( Ahmate 1 RE&AI~CH OBBICER( B&RRL ) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Chandiqarh SHRI K. R. SAXENA Public Works Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DEPUTY SECRETARY( Ahmate ) SHBI N. SIVAQURU Roads Wing, Ministry of Shipping 8t Transport SHRI D. V. SlxxA (Altmats) SH~I K. S. SRINIVASAN National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI SUNIL BEHRY ( Aftmats ) SUPERINTENDINGE N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Tamil (P&D) Nadu, Madras EXECUTIVEENGINEER( SMRD ) ( Alternate ) SHRI H. C. VEBMA All India Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Bombay SHBI H. K. GUIZIA ( Altmuk) Ssar S. D. VIDYARTHI Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DR B. L. DHAWAN ( Al&ma& ) SBRI G. RAYAN, Director General, IS1 ( J&-o@& Muakr ) Director (Civ Engg ) SEEI K. M. MATHW Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 (Conh’wdonpogr8)  IS I 2720 ( Part III/&x 1) - 1980 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART III DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Grained Soils ( First Revision) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part III/Set 1 ) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 3 October 1980, after the’ draft finalized by the Soil and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for the determination of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating a comparative study of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing out a series of standards on methods of test for soils ( IS : 2720 ). This standard ( Part III ) deals with the method of test for determination of specific gravity of soils which finds application in finding out the degree of saturation and unit weight of moist soils. The unit weights are needed in pressure, settlement and stability problems in soil engineering. This standard was published in the year 1964. In view of the further work done in this field in this, as well as in other countries, the revision has been pre- pared so as to give the latest method of test which has separate provision for fine grained and coarse soils. The revision is being prepared in two sections : Section 1, dealing with the method for fine grained soil which is a basically laboratory method and Section 2 for fine, medium and coarse grained soils which is field method. 0.3 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. *Rules for rounding off numerical values ( r&red). 3 IS I 2720 ( Part III/kc 1) - 1980 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part III/Set 1 ) lays down the methods of test for the determination of the ,specific gravity of soil particle of fine grained soils ( see Note ). NOTE - The method may also he used for medium and coarse grained soils if the coarse parttcles are grained to pass 4*75-mm IS sieve before using. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definition of terms given in IS : 2809-1972* shall apply. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 The following apparatus is required: 4 Two density bottles ( pyknometers ) of approximately 50 ml capacity with stoppers. b) A water-bath maintained at a constant temperature to within f 02°C. ( If standard density bottles are used this constant tem- perature is 27°C. ) Cl A vacuum desiccator ( a convenient size is one about 200 mm to 250 mm in diameter ). 4 A desiccator ( a convenient size is one about 200 mm to 250 mm in diameter ) containing anhydrous silica gel. 4 A thermostatically controlled drying oven, capable of maintain- ing a temperature of 105 to 110°C. f 1 A balance readable and accurate to O*OOl g..!a A source of vacuum, such as a good filter pump or a vacuum pump. 4 A spatula ( a convenient size is one having a blade 150 mm long and 3 mm wide; the blade has to be small enough to go through the neck of the density bottle ), or a piece of glass rod about 150 mm long and 3 mm diameter. j) A wash bottle, preferably made of plastics, containing air-free distilled water ( see Note ). k) A sample divider of the multiple slot type ( S%le box ) with 7 mm width of opening. “1 A length of rubber tubing to fit the vacuum pump and the desiccator. NOTE - Obtain the air-free distilled water for at least 30 minute in a container that can be sealed from the atmosphere during cooling. Take care to see that the container is strong enough to resist the reduction in pressure inside it during cooling. *Glossary of terms and symbols relating to soil engineering.( JirJl n&ion ). ?  1s I 2720 ( Part III/Set 1 ) - 1980 4. PROCEDURE 4.1 The complete density bottle with stopper, shall be dried at 105 to 1 lO”C, cooled in the desiccator and weighed to the nearest 0.001 g ( ml ) ( Je Note 1 ). 4.2 The 50 g sample obtained as described in the procedure for the pre- paration of-disturbed samples for testing ( see 1.5 ) shall if necessary be ground to pass a 2-mm IS test sieve. A 5 to 10 g subsample shall be obtained by riffling, and oven dried at 105 to 110°C ( see Note 2 ). This sample shall be transferred to the density bottle direct from the desiccator in which it has been cooled. The bottle and contents together with the stopper shall be weighed to the nearest 0.001 g ( ma). 4.3 Sufficient air-free distilled water ( see Note 3 ) shall be added so that the soil in the bottle is just covered. The bottle containing the soil and liquid, but without the stopper, shall be placed in the vacuum desiccator, which shall then be evacuated gradually. The pressure shall be reduced to about 20 mmHg. When using a water pump, because of variation in mains pressure, care shall be taken to ensure that the required vacuum is maintained. Care shall be taken during this operation to see that the air trapped in the soil does not bubble too violently, so as to prevent small drops of the suspension being lost through the mouth of the bottle. The bottle shall be allowed to remain in the desiccator for at least 1 hour until no further loss of air is apparent. 4.4 The vacuum shall be released and the lid of the desiccator removed. The soil in the bottle shall be stirred carefully with the spatula, or the bottle vibrated. Before removing the spatula from the bottle the particles of soil adhering to the blade shall be washed off with a few drops of air-free liquid. The lid of the desiccator shall then be replaced and the desiccator evacuaied again. 4.5 The procedure outlined in 4.3 and 4.4 shall be repeated until no more air is evolved from the soil ( see Note 4 ). 4.5.1 Alternately, the entrapped air can be removed by getting heat- ing the pyknometer placed on a water-bath or sand-bath. 4.6 The bottle and cohtents shall then be removed from the desiccator and further air-free liquid added until the bottle is full. The stopper shall then be inserted. The stoppered bottle shall be immersed up to the neck in the constant-temperature bath for approximately 1 hour or until it has attained the constant temperature of the bath ( see Note 5 ). If there is an apparent decrease in volume of the liquid the stopper shall be removed and further liquid added to fill the bottle and the stopper.replaced. The bottle shall then be returned to the bath and sufi- cient time shall be allowed to elapse after this operation to ensure that the 5 IS : 2720 ( Part III/SW 1 ) - 1980 bottle and its contents again attain the constant temperature of the bath. If the bottle is still not completely full this process shall be repeated. 4.7 The stoppered bottle shall then be taken out of the bath, wiped dry and the whole weighed to the nearest O*OOlg (ma). 4.8 The bottle shall then be cleaned out and filled completely with air- free liquid, the stopper inserted and then the whole immersed in the constant temperature bath for 1 hour or until it has attained the constant temperature of the bath. If there is an apparent decrease in the volume of the liquid, the stopper shall be removed and further liquid added to fill the bottle and the stopper replaced. The stoppered bottle shall then be returned to the batch and sufficient time shall be allowed to elapse after this operation to ensure that the bottle and its contents again attain the constant temperature. If the bottle is still not completely full this process shall be repeated. The bottle shall then be taken out of the bath, wiped dry and the whole weighed to the nearest OS001 g (md) ( see Note 6 ). 4.9 Two determinations of the specific gravity of the same soils sample shall be made ( see Notes 7 and 8 ). NOTE 1 - S!andord Density Bolllcr - If a density bottle is used then in order to avoid distortion it should not bc dried by placing it in an oven. It may be dried by rinsing with acetone or an alcohol-ether mixture and then blowing warm air through it. NOTE 2 - Oven drying of the soil has been specified for convenience. If there is any reason to believe that this will change the specific gravity due to loss of water of hydration the soil should be dried at not more than 80°C. This fact should be rep&ted. NOTR 3 - Alternative Liquidsfor.Speci/icGrad/y Defcrminufion- With certain soils, for c*x;~rnpl~~those containing 5oluble salts, kerosene ( paraffin oil ) or white spirit may 1)~ prcft*rrt*(l. If one of these is used, record the fact and carry ollt a separate oxp(arinlcn! to d