Introduction To Information Systems PDF

Introduction to Information Systems + Exam and Marks Type Mark Attendance and Participation 5 Mid-term 1 20 Lab 10 Assignment 5 Final 60 Total...

Introduction to Information Systems + Exam and Marks Type Mark Attendance and Participation 5 Mid-term 1 20 Lab 10 Assignment 5 Final 60 Total 100 2 + Source of Studying 1. Textbook Author: Ralph Stair & George Reynolds Title:“Principles of Information Systems”, Sixth Edition 2. Course Presentation 3. Your own lecture notes 3 + Course Outline ◼◼ PART 1 Information Systems in Perspective ◼◼ Chapter 1 An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations Business Information Systems ◼◼ Electronic and Mobile Commerce and Enterprise Systems ◼◼ Information and Decision Support Systems ◼◼ Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems ◼◼ Systems Development ◼◼ PART 2 Technology ◼◼ Chapter 2 Hardware ◼◼ Chapter 3 Software ◼◼ Chapter 4 Database Systems, Data Centers, and Business Intelligence ◼◼ Chapter 5 Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets, and Extranets ◼◼ 4 + Chapter 1 An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations 6 + Why Learn About Information Systems in Organizations? ◼◼ What is a system? A system - Is a set of interrelated components - With a clearly defined boundary - Working together to achieve a common set of objectives 7 Information Concepts ⚫ Information system (IS): ⚫ A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective 9 Why Learn About Information Systems in Organizations? ⚫ Information systems used by: ⚫ Sales representatives ⚫ Managers ⚫ Financial advisors ⚫ Information systems: ⚫ Indispensable tools to help you achieve your career goals ⚫ Businesses can use information systems to increase revenues and reduce costs 10  10 + Information Concepts ◼◼ Information: ◼◼ One of an organization’s most valuable resources ◼◼ Often confused with the term data 12 + Data, Information, and Knowledge ◼◼ Data: ◼◼ Raw facts ◼◼ Information: ◼◼ Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves ◼◼ Process: ◼◼ Set of logically related tasks ◼◼ Knowledge: ◼◼ Awareness and understanding of a set of information 13 + Data, Information, and Knowledge 14 (continued) Process: ◼◼ Set of logically related tasks 14 Data, Information, and Knowledge (continued) 15  15 + The Characteristics of Valuable Information ◼◼ If an organization’s information is not accurate or complete: ◼◼ People can make poor decisions, costing thousands, or even millions, of dollars ◼◼ Depending on the type of data you need: ◼◼ Some characteristics become more important than others 17 + 16 18  17 + The Value of Information ◼◼ Directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organization’s goals ◼◼ Valuable information: ◼◼ Can help people and their organizations perform tasks more efficiently and effectively 19 What isan Information System? ⚫ Information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that: ⚫ Collect (input) ⚫ Manipulate (process) ⚫ Store ⚫ Disseminate (output) data and information ⚫ Provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective 20  Input, Processing, Output, Feedback ⚫ Input: ⚫ Activity of gathering and capturing raw data ⚫ Processing: ⚫ Converting data into useful outputs ⚫ Output: ⚫ Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports ⚫ Feedback: ⚫ Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities 21 Three Fundamental Typesof InformationSystems ⚫ Information systems can be divided into three types: ⚫ Personal IS – includes information systems that improve the productivity of individual users ⚫ Group IS –includes information systems that improve communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup ⚫ Enterprise IS – includes information systems that organizations use to define structured interactions among their own employees and/or external customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc… 22 Three Fundamental Types of InformationSystems 23  21 + Manual and Computerized Information Systems An information system can be: Manual or computerized ◼◼ Manual information systems: Example: ◼◼ Investment analysts manually draw charts and trend lines to assist them in making investment decisions ◼◼ Computerized information systems: ◼◼ Followstock indexes and markets and suggest when large blocks of stocks should be purchased or sold 24 Manual and Computer-based Information Systems ⚫ An information system can be: ⚫ Manual or computerized 25  22 + Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) : ❑ CBIS: Single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures: -That are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information ❑ Technology infrastructure: - Includes all hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures. -Configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information 26  23 Computer-Based Information Systems (continued) 27 + Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) : Elements ⚫ Hardware: ⚫ Consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities ⚫ Software: ⚫ Consists of the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer ⚫ Database: ⚫ Organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files 28  27 + Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) : Elements ◼◼ People: ◼◼ Themost important element in most computer-based information systems ◼◼ Procedures: ◼◼ Include strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS 29  25 + Computer-Based Information Systems (continued) ◼◼ Telecommunications, networks, and the Internet: ◼◼ Telecommunications: The electronic transmission of signals for communications ◼◼ Networks: Connect computers and equipment to enable electronic communication ◼◼ Internet: World’s largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information 31  26 + Computer-Based Information Systems (continued) ◼◼ Intranet: ◼◼ Internal network that allows people within an organization to exchange information and work on projects ◼◼ Extranet: ◼◼ Network that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company’s intranet 32  29 + Business Information Systems (continued) 34  28 + Business Information Systems ◼◼ Most common types of information systems: ◼◼ Thosedesigned for electronic and mobile commerce, transaction processing, management information, and decision support ◼◼ Some organizations employ: ◼◼ Special-purposesystems, such as virtual reality, that not every organization uses 35  30 Business Information Systems (continued) 36  31 Electronic and Mobile Commerce ◼◼ Ty p e s o f E - C o m m e r c e E-commerce is any business transaction executed electronically between: o Companies (business-to-business, B2B) o Companies and consumers (business-to-consumer, B2C) o Consumers and other consumers (consumer-to-consumer, C2C) o Business and the public sector o Consumers and the public sector 37  32 + Electronic and Mobile Commerce (continued) ◼◼ Mobile commerce (m-commerce): ◼◼ Theuse of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business ◼◼ E-commerce: ◼◼ Can enhance a company’s stock prices and market value ◼◼ Electronic business (e-business): ◼◼ Uses information systems and the Internet to perform all business- related tasks and functions 38  33 Electronic and Mobile Commerce (continued) 39  34 + Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning ◼◼ Transaction: ◼◼ Anybusiness-related exchange, such as payments to employees and sales to customers ◼◼ Transaction processing system (TPS): ◼◼ Organizedcollection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions for example: 40  37 + Information and Decision Support Systems ◼◼ Management information system (MIS): ◼◼ Organizedcollection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers 42  36 + Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning (continued) ◼◼ Enterprise resource planning: ◼◼ Setof integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization 43  38 44  39 + Information and Decision Support Systems ◼◼ Decision support system (DSS): ◼◼ Organizedcollection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision making ◼◼ Can include: ◼◼ A collection of models used to support a decision maker or user (model base) ◼◼ Acollection of facts and information to assist in decision making (database) ◼◼ Systems and procedures (user interface or dialogue manager) that help decision makers and other users interact with the DSS 45  40 Information and Decision Support Systems (continued) 46 + Specialized Business Information Systems: 41 Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality ◼◼ Knowledge management systems (KMSs): ◼◼ Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices to: ◼◼ Create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience ◼◼ Artificial intelligence (AI): ◼◼ Computer system takes on characteristics of human intelligence 47  42 + Specialized Business Information Systems (continued) 48  43 + Specialized Business Information Systems (continued) ◼◼ Expert systems: ◼◼ Givecomputer ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field ◼◼ Virtual reality and multimedia: ◼◼ Virtual reality: ◼◼ Simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions ◼◼ Multimedia: ◼◼ Can include photos and images, the manipulation of sound, and special 3D effects 49  44 + Systems Development ◼◼ Systems development: ◼◼ The activity of creating or modifying existing business systems ◼◼ Outsourcing: ◼◼ Allowsa company to focus on what it does best and delegate other functions to companies with expertise in systems development 50  45 + Systems Development (continued) 51  46 + Systems Investigation and Analysis ◼◼ Goal of systems investigation: ◼◼ To gain clear understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed ◼◼ Systems analysis: ◼◼ Defines the problems and opportunities of the existing system 52  47 + Systems Design, Implementation, and Maintenance and Review ◼◼ Systems design: ◼◼ Determines how new system will work to meet business needs defined during systems analysis ◼◼ Systems implementation: ◼◼ Acquiring various system components defined in design step, assembling them, and putting the new system into operation ◼◼ Systems maintenance and review: ◼◼ Checksand modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs 53 + Summary ◼◼ Data: ◼◼ Raw facts ◼◼ To be valuable, information must be: ◼◼ Accurate,complete, economical to produce, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple to understand, timely, verifiable, accessible, and secure ◼◼ Types of systems used within organizations: ◼◼ E-commerce and m-commerce, TPS and ERP, MIS and DSS, and specialized business information systems ◼◼ Systems development: ◼◼ The activity of creating or modifying existing business systems 82 End of Lecture IS Thank You