Introduction to Information Systems PDF

 Distinguish between data, information and knowledge Define what a system is by identifying its major components Define what is Components of Computer- Based Information Systems (CBIS) Discuss the Benefits of Information System Define the types of Business Information Systems in or...

 Distinguish between data, information and knowledge Define what a system is by identifying its major components Define what is Components of Computer- Based Information Systems (CBIS) Discuss the Benefits of Information System Define the types of Business Information Systems in organization Discuss the role information systems play in Logistics Discuss the global challenges in Information System Discuss the Information Technology & Business Trends What is Data? Raw Material Numbers and strings of letters with no precise context or meaning  What is Information? Information is data that has been processed or organized in a way that adds meaning or context, making it useful for decision-making, problem-solving, or understanding phenomena. It's the result of interpreting raw data, giving it relevance and purpose. Types of Information: Descriptive: Provides details about what is happening (e.g., weather report). Diagnostic: Explains why something is happening (e.g., analysis of a system failure). Predictive: Forecasts future events (e.g., sales projections). Prescriptive: Suggests actions (e.g., recommendations based on data analysis Translating Grouping Data to Labeling Information Sorting Graphing Statistics Characteristics of Valuable Information Relevant Complete Accurate Current/Timely Economical Accessible What is Knowledge? “A body of guidelines and rules used to select, organize, and manipulate data to make it suitable for a given task” “An awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that information can be put to its best use” “Internalized information plus the ability to utilize this information” Data, Information How do Data,Information and and Knowledge related. Knowledge Does Perfect knowledge of Information Lead to Perfect Decisions? Information Systems A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective Complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data Components of Computer-Based Information Systems Hardware Software People Telecommunications Databases Procedures Concept of An Information System Data Information Information System  Structure of An Information System Source: http://blog.maia-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/042908-1415-functionalm2.png Performance of Information System Efficiency Proportion of outputs and inputs Effectiveness Achievement of objectives Benefits of Information System Information systems (IS) are integral to modern businesses and organizations, providing numerous benefits that enhance efficiency, decision-making, and competitiveness. These include: Improved Efficiency and Productivity Benefit: Information systems streamline business processes by automating routine tasks, reducing the need for manual intervention, and speeding up operations. Example: A global logistics company implements a Transportation Management System (TMS) to automate route planning, freight billing, and carrier selection. Enhanced Decision Making Benefit: IS provide real-time data and advanced analytics, helping managers make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information. Example: A retail chain uses a Business Intelligence (BI) system to analyze sales data, customer behavior, and market trends, allowing it to optimize product offerings, pricing strategies, and marketing campaigns. Benefits of Information System Information systems (IS) are integral to modern businesses and organizations, providing numerous benefits that enhance efficiency, decision-making, and competitiveness. These include: Better Customer Service Benefit: IS enable businesses to offer improved customer service through efficient management of customer data and streamlined communication channels. Example: A call center uses a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system to track customer interactions, manage support tickets, and provide personalized responses, leading to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty. Enhanced Data Management and Security Benefit: IS help in organizing, storing, and securing large volumes of data, ensuring data integrity and compliance with regulations. Example: A healthcare provider uses an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system to store patient data securely, ensuring compliance with Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA ) while providing doctors with quick access to patient histories Benefits of Information System Information systems (IS) are integral to modern businesses and organizations, providing numerous benefits that enhance efficiency, decision-making, and competitiveness. These include: Improved Collaboration and Communication Benefit: IS facilitate better collaboration and communication within and between organizations through shared platforms and communication tools. Example: A multinational corporation uses a collaboration platform like Microsoft Teams or Slack to enable employees across different locations to work together seamlessly, share documents, and hold virtual meetings. Competitive Advantage Benefit: By leveraging advanced IS, businesses can gain a competitive edge through innovation, better market insights, and enhanced operational capabilities. Example: An e-commerce company uses a sophisticated recommendation engine powered by machine learning to personalize shopping experiences for users, resulting in increased sales and customer retention. Benefits of Information System Information systems (IS) are integral to modern businesses and organizations, providing numerous benefits that enhance efficiency, decision-making, and competitiveness. These include: Cost Reduction Benefit: Automating processes and improving resource management through IS can lead to significant cost savings. Example: An airline company uses an integrated IS to manage flight schedules, crew assignments, and maintenance operations, reducing operational costs and improving overall efficiency. Scalability and Flexibility Benefit: IS provide the scalability and flexibility needed to grow and adapt to changing business environments without significant overhauls. Example: A startup uses cloud-based IS to scale its operations as it grows, allowing it to add new users and functionalities without major infrastructure investments. Benefits of Information System Information systems (IS) are integral to modern businesses and organizations, providing numerous benefits that enhance efficiency, decision-making, and competitiveness. These include: Enhanced Marketing and Sales Benefit: IS enable targeted marketing campaigns, better sales tracking, and more effective customer engagement strategies. Example: A marketing firm uses a marketing automation system to segment its audience, execute email campaigns, and track campaign performance, resulting in higher conversion rates. Compliance and Risk Management Benefit: IS help organizations stay compliant with industry standards and regulations while managing risks through robust data analytics and reporting tools. Example: A financial institution uses a compliance management system to monitor transactions for suspicious activity, ensuring adherence to anti-money laundering regulations and reducing the risk of fraud. Types of Business Information Systems in an organization Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) A software system, or software/hardware combination, that supports transaction processing Features Rapid response Reliability Inflexibility Controlled processing Example Point-of-Sale Library loan  Office Automation Systems (OAS) Varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks Example Work flows Project scheduling  A system which provides information that organizations Management require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively Information Systems Example (MIS) Flight information system Student information system  Decision Support Systems (DSS) A system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities Example Price evaluation system Potential drilling sites Executive Support Systems (ESS) Also-called Executive Information Systems (EIS) A type of management information system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision-making needs Example Market and sales analysis system A.C.M.E (Agent Call Monitoring & Evaluation)  Functional areas and operating divisions of Information business: Systems in the Sales and marketing Functional Customer Service Finance and accounting Areas of Human resource management Business Information Systems in Industry Industries: Airline industry Investment firms Banks Transportation industry Publishing companies Healthcare maintenance organizations (HMOs) Retail companies Power management and utility companies Professional services Management consulting firms Functions of Information Systems in Logistics Collaborative planning Forecasting Inventory management Order management Transport management Etc.  Standards Global Culture and language Challenges in Time and distance Information Technology and infrastructure Systems Currency and exchange rates Laws and legal aspects Privacy, permission and confidentiality Information Technology & Business Trends Information technology (IT) is a major driver of change in the business world, continually introducing new trends that transform how businesses operate, compete, and serve their customers. Here are some current IT and business trends. These include: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) Internet of Things (IoT) Cloud Computing Big Data Analytics Blockchain Technology Cybersecurity Enhancements Edge Computing 5G Technology Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Digital Transformation