IR CH1 .pdf

IR 🌎 CH1 (Introduction to International Relations🤝🌐) 1 International Relations 👭🌐👬 The relationship among the world’s state governments & the connection of those relationships with other actors such as (United Nations, multinational corporations & individuals...

IR 🌎 CH1 (Introduction to International Relations🤝🌐) 1 International Relations 👭🌐👬 The relationship among the world’s state governments & the connection of those relationships with other actors such as (United Nations, multinational corporations & individuals) 2 Major Problem of IR☠ Collective Goods Problem § (providing something that benefits all members of a group regardless of what each member contributes to it) § It is situation where can’t blame the country who not sacrifices with other country & enjoys the benefit \solution of sacrifices of the other countries we call them “free riders” How can countries serve their collective interests when doing so requires its members to forgo individual interests? § Sometimes country need to sacrifice to benefit the whole society but NOT always will to do because it cost them something else § Ex: global warming 3 Solution to the Collective Goods Problem✅ 1. Dominance 2. Reciprocity 3. Identity 4 Dominance(power) Establishes hierarchy🔺 (those at the top controls those below) like a government but without the actual government (+) - forces members to contribute to the common good - minimizes conflict - one super power can maintain global stability for a long period (-) - Low ranking members feel oppressed, become resentful of the top ranked members - Conflict may arise over competition over group power - costly wars among great power can affect world peace 5 Reciprocity ♾ rewarding behavior that contributes to the group & punishes selfishness in the group by 2 Reciprocity (✅) 🤝You scratch my back, I scratch yours (❌)+,Any eye for an eye👀, a tooth for a tooth🦷 (+) - Easy to understand - can be enforced without any central authority (-) - When countries are always paying back a perceived wrong, it can lead to a cycle🌀 of revenge which can lead to conflict among counties 6 Identity0🏘🕋 Does not rely on self-interest but care about the interests of others can lead to sacrificing individual interests to benefit others Maha Ali Aldhaheri 201600494 1 IR 🌎 CH1 (Introduction to International Relations🤝🌐) (+) - Promotes shared sacrifices among communities in times of need (-) - Extremist groups also rely on shared identities to cause harm - Ex (terrorists) 7 IR as a Field of Study📖📚 Practical discipline Theoretical debates are fundamental but unresolved IR is about international politics, but the field is interdisciplinary (relates to economics, history, sociology, & others) IR as a subfield of political science o Domestic politics of foreign countries, overlapping with IR, make up separate field of comparative politics Issue areas: global trade, the environment, Conflict and cooperation mix in relationships among nations § IR Subfields - International security studies - International political economy (IPE) 8 Actors & Influences The Principle Actors in IR? Þ World governments & Scholars study the decisions & actions of those governments in relation to other governments important actors in IR? Þ States 9 State territorial entity controlled by a government & inhabited by a population & answers to no higher authority exercises sovereignty over its own territory, makes & enforces laws, collects taxes o Sovereignty is recognized through diplomatic relations & membership of the UN has a capital city which serves as the seat of government & an individual who acts the “head of states” and the authority to govern or lead 10 State actors The International System- Set of relationships among the world’s states, structured according to certain rules & patterns of interaction o Includes? o who is considered a member of the system and what rights they have o the responsibilities of members and acceptable behavior among members there are other Political Entities that are not formally recognized as States Þ Taiwan 11 States differences Population🐘🐁 - Large & Small countries pop (china & Vatican) GDP💸 - the size of the total annual economic Maha Ali Aldhaheri 201600494 2 IR 🌎 CH1 (Introduction to International Relations🤝🌐) Great Powers8 - strong military and economic power (dominant in international affairs) 12 Non-state Actors Groups that play role in international politics, but they are not connected to state and we call them transnational actors transnational actors § when operate across international borders 13 types of non-state actor Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) § Members are national governments § Vary in size § Ex: (OPEC, WTO, African Union, UN, GCC, NATO, Arab League) Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) § Members are individuals & groups § Private organizations; no single pattern § Ex: (Amnesty International, Red Cross, human right, green peace) Multinational corporation (MNCs) § Members are companies that span borders § Ex: (ExxonMobil, Toyota, Wal-Mart) Others § Members are individual, cities, constituencies § Ex: (Angelina Jolie, bono, Iraq Kurdistan, Alqeada) 14 Globalization conceptions of/schools of thought 1. Globalization as the fruition of liberal economic principles/global marketplace 2. North-South divide increasing with globalization 3. Globalization more profound than skeptics believe, yet more uncertain than view of supporters of liberal economics. (Globalization is changing both international security and IPE) 15 Global Geography🗺 (World regions – geographical distinction– divisions of the world) § Global North-South gap - Between the relatively rich industrialized countries of the North and the relatively poor countries of the South § East Asia - China, Japan, and Korea § Southeast Asia - Countries from Burma through Indonesia and the Philippines § Russia is considered a European state. § The Pacific Rim - East and Southeast Asia, Siberia, and the Pacific coast of North America and Latin America § South Asia only sometimes includes parts of Southeast Asia. § Narrow definitions of the Middle East exclude both North Africa and Turkey. § Balkans - southeastern Europe, bounded by Slovenia, Romania, and Greece. Maha Ali Aldhaheri 201600494 3 IR 🌎 CH1 (Introduction to International Relations🤝🌐) Maha Ali Aldhaheri 201600494 4