Methods Of Philosophizing PDF

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING LESSON 3 TARGETS Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth. Distinguish opinion from truth Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing. Methods of P...

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING LESSON 3 TARGETS Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth. Distinguish opinion from truth Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing. Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 01 THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 2 02 Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 03 KNOWING THE TRUTH What is Truth? When can we say that we know the truth? What are the ways by which we can know the truth? Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 04 WHAT IS TRUTH? Truth - It is a kind of property whose opposite of falsity. Assertion – a linguistic act, whether spoken or written, that contains truth value Truth Value – state of being true, false, or indeterminate Proposition – the meaning or the content of the assertion Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 05 WHAT IS TRUTH? The goal of thinking is to know the truth “Only the human person is capable of higher order thinking” “The human person will always seek the truth, specifically the ultimate truth, because that is what he is bound to do in accordance with his nature” Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 06 Universal Truth Relative Truth “Absolutism” “Relativism” - acknowledged by everyone. - acknowledged only by some people. - true in all possible situations - is not true in all possible situation - true for all humans - vary from one person to another e.g. e.g. Human being is mortal. Rocky Road is the most delicious ice Change is the law of nature. cream. It is raining. KINDS OF TRUTH SLIDE Methods of Philosophizing LESSON 3 07 WAYS OF KNOWING Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 08 METHODS OF TRUTH Theories of Methods of Truth Truth - ways of explaining what makes a statement or belief true. Correspondence, Coherence, and Pragmatic Theories Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 09 GENERAL METHOD OF TRUTH Correspondence - we can know a statement/belief is true by examining whether the statement/belief corresponds to, or represents, a fact in the world. Coherence - we can know a statement/belief is true by examining whether the statement/belief coheres with the rules of relevant system. Pragmatism - we can know a statement/belief is true by examining the consequences of holding or accepting the statement/belief to be true. Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 10  1. Observation or perception is the method used to check if an empirical statement, a statement about an observable fact in the world, correctly represents a fact in the world. 2. Reasoning - the process of knowing or establishing truth by means of our reason, can be done in a variety of ways. 3. Intuition - It is the way by which we directly grasp the truth of something. 4. Mystical Experience - provides the person having the experience some means of knowing something which cannot be known using the usual methods of observation by our sense organs and reasoning. 5. Appeal to Authority - may take the form of a testimony of reliable eyewitness, information provided by an appropriate expert, and reliable documents, among others. PARTICULAR METHODS OF TRUTH Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 11  DOXA AND EPISTEME DOXA “Opinion” - is something intermediary between knowledge and ignorance.” - form of nonknowledge EPISTEME “Knowledge” – is certain - it past a test of verification or confirmation. Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 12  DOXA AND EPISTEME ARISTOTLE’S - a deductive argument of a certain form SYLLOGISM where a conclusion is inferred from two premises. e.g. Premise 1: All men are mortal. Premise 2: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: “Socrates is mortal.” Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 13 DOXA AND EPISTEME DESCARTES - statements that are false, doubtful, or METHODS OF uncertain cannot be used as a basis for DOUBT knowledge. “Cogito, Ergo Sum” (I think, therefore I am) Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 14 Evaluating Opinion Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 15  SOURCE - who is the author of the statement? RELIABILITY - how reliable is the person giving the opinion? PURPOSE - Why was the information given? - Does the author give partiality, preference, or BIAS prejudice for or against and idea/ subject matter? ASSUMPTION - What are the ideas presented? Are they willing to prove it? How to Evaluate Opinions Methods of Philosophizing LESSON 3 SLIDE 16 Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 17 SEATWORK Reflect on the meaning of the quotation given by Plato. Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 18  REFERENCES Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE LESSON 3 19 Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person LESSON 8 TARGETS Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from themselves. Perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society Perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 01 Intersubjectivity of Human Beings 1. Human being is a social being Vocative Situation - is an encounter of unique persons in a concrete context or situation in the community 2. Human being is born and creates himself/herself in social interaction “The existence of human being is the consequence of social interaction” Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 02  Subject Is seen as someone who is conscious and free and lacks defined identity or fixed essence Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 03  Object Is seen as someone who is unconscious and unfree and has defined identity or fixed essence. Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 04  Philosophical Views on Intersubjectivity Martin Buber on Intersubjectivity “I-It” relation – is the non-interpersonal relation wherein the other person is treated as a non person. “I-You” relation – is the interpersonal relation wherein the other person is treated as a person. Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person SLIDE 05 Lesson 8 Martin Heidegger’s Two fundamental relation Being-with – a person treating another person as a person Being-alongside – a person treating another person as a non-person Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 06 How can we treat the other person a person? 1. Edmund Husserl’s Transcendental Phenomenological Method “Bracketing of presuppositions” - to see the other person in his/her essence as a person, we should put aside or suspend any judgment about this person. Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, SLIDE Philosophical Views on Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 07 How can we treat the other person a person? 2. Authentic Dialogue Human Being as Being-in-Dialogue a. Self-Consciousness and Dialogue Gabriel Marcel - “self-consciousness is in co-existence with other consciousness” - “self only exists in so far as it treats itself as being for another, with reference to another” b. Freedom and Dialogue Gabriel Marcel “Human freedom is to be understood within the context of relationship, Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, it is something to be experienced.” Philosophical Views on Intersubjectivity, and SLIDE How can we treat the other person a person 08 Lesson 8  Karl Jaspers “Human being cannot experience true meaning of freedom in seclusion” Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 09  Psalm 139:14 I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well. Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, SLIDE Philosophical Views on Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 10  REFERENCES Books: Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 11 Thank you! Intersubjectivity of Human Beings, Subject, Object, Philosophical Views on SLIDE Intersubjectivity, and How can we treat the other person a person Lesson 8 12  Freedom of the Human Person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility of Human Freedom, Principles of Alternate Possibilities for Freedom, Accountability LESSON 6 TARGETS Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices. Realize that choices have consequences Realize that some things are given up while others are obtained in making decisions Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of their choices. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 01  What is Freedom? the state of being free at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint the power to determine action without restraint political or national independence personal liberty, as opposed to bondage or slavery Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 02 Philosophical Views on the Possibility of Human Freedom Determinism - the view that all events that happen in the world are caused by previous events or conditions along with the laws of nature. Hard Determinism – believes that determinism and freedom are incompatible. “No free will and no moral responsibility” Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 03  Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom States that actions done freely or choices made freely could have been otherwise. it is only the self of the human person that produces these free choices through the power of its will. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 04  Compatibilism accepts to the truth of determinism but this does not really matter as it defines freedom not it terms of the absence of determinism but because the human person is not forced, compelled or constrained. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 05  Soft Determinism everything is determined but we can still call an action free when the determination comes from ourselves. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 06  Accountability refers to our deservingness of blame or praise (punishment or reward) for the actions that we perform. a natural result of our intelligence and freedom Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 07  Types of Accountability Legal Accountability - uses legal standards - are usually external, which come in the form of concrete punishments like fines, suspensions, and incarceration. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 08  Types of Accountability Moral Accountability - uses moral standards - are usually internal which come in the form of guilt, remorse, sorrow, shame, self-condemnation, and the like. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 09  Types of Accountability Moral Agents - are entities who can be morally accountable for their actions and who hold moral duties Moral Recipients - are the entities towards which the moral agents have moral duties. Freedom of the human person, Philosophical Views on the Possibility SLIDE of human Freedom, Principles of alternate possibilities for freedom, Accountability Lesson 6 10  Proverbs 16:9 “The mind of the man plans his way, but the Lord directs his steps.” Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity SLIDE of human beings, Subject and Object Lesson 5 11  REFERENCES Books: Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 12 Thank you! Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 13 Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, Subject and Object LESSON 5 TARGETS Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of their choices. Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not to imposing on others. Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from themselves. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 01 What are the conditions that make an agent accountable? Choice Condition Knowledge Condition Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 02  Choice Condition One that he/she chooses to do. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 03  Knowledge Condition -one that is capable of knowing that t Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 04  How can we excuse someone from his/her accountability? Absence of Choice - one that cannot choose his/her action Ignorance - Real ignorance and irresponsible ignorance Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 05  Intersubjectivity - sharing the subjective states by two or more individuals (Scheff 2006) Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 06  Subjective based on feelings or opinions rather than facts - relating to the way a person experiences something in his or her own. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 07  Communarization a social process wherein the community of the other people are seen as embedded within the self. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 08 Intersubjectivity of Human Beings 1. Human being is a social being Vocative Situation - is an encounter of unique persons in a concrete context or situation in the community 2. Human being is born and creates himself/herself in social interaction “The existence of human being is the consequence of social interaction” Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 09  Subject Is seen as someone who is conscious and free and lacks defined identity or fixed essence Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 10  Object Is seen as someone who is unconscious and unfree and has defined identity or fixed essence. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 11  Psalm 139:14 I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity SLIDE of human beings, Subject and Object Lesson 5 12  REFERENCES Books: Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 13 Thank you! Conditions, Authentic Dialogue, Intersubjectivity of human beings, SLIDE Subject and Object Lesson 5 14  The human person as an embodied spirit, Limitations of Human Person and the Possibilities for Transcendence LESSON 4 TARGETS Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth. Evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 01  How to evaluate opinions? 1. Source-who is the author of statement. 2. Realiability- how realiable is the person giving opinion? 3. Purpose- why was the information given? 4. Bias- does the author give partially, preference, or prejudice for or against an idea or subject matter 5. Assumption- What are the ideas presented? Assumption is an idea or principle that a person accepts true but makes no effort to prove or substantiate it. SLIDE The human person as an embodied spirit 02 LESSON 4 NATURE OF TRUTH Correspondence Theory Coherence Theory Pragmatic Theory The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 03  CORRESPONDENCE THEORY The correspondence theory in its simplest form says that truth is a connection to reality. To be true is to accurately describe – in other words, match, picture, depict, express, conform to, agree with or correspond to – the real world or parts of it. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 04  COHERENCE THEORY Coherence theories of truth identify truth as consisting in coherence with other members of a set. Particularly, a proposition or belief is considered true if and only if it fits with every other proposition or belief in the system to which they all belong, without logically contradicting any of them. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 05  PRAGMATIC THEORY A Pragmatic Theory of Truth holds (roughly) that a proposition is true if it is useful to believe. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 06 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT The term “person” came from the Greek word “prosporon” (mask worn by an actor What of a person? Metaphysical Approach – focuses on the kinds of substances or materials and capacities that uniquely make up a human person; Who of a person? Existential Approach – focuses on the kind of life, mode of existence, that is uniquely to a human person The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 08  EMBODIED SPIRIT To embody means to put something abstract such as spirit into a body to give this “something abstract” a concrete form This implies that the human person is made up of a physical state (body) and an abstract state (spirit) The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 09 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 Three Absolute Realities of the Human Person 1. Physical 2. Immaterial 3. Free The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 17  PHYSICAL 1. Physical Reality is a Limitation - Physicality refers to the human body Two Limitations for Physical Reality a.Natural limitation (biological, environmental) b.Social limitation (laws, customs, and traditions) The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 18  IMMATERIAL 2. Immaterial Reality is a Limitation - Immortal essence of a living thing which is theorized as the soul A. Plato’s View B. Aristotle’s View The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 19  FREE 3. Absolute Reality of Being Free is a Possibility for Transcendence A. Martin Heidegger’s View – authentic existence B. Friedrich Nietzche – “will to power” – “overman” The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 20 1. Physical Reality is a Limitation - Physicality refers to the human body Two Limitations for Physical Reality a. Natural limitation (biological, environmental) b. Social limitation (laws, customs, and traditions) 2. Immaterial Reality is a Limitation - Immortal essence of a living thing which is theorized as the soul A. Plato’s View B. Aristotle’s View 3. Absolute Reality of Being Free is a Possibility for Transcendence A. Martin Heidegger’s View – authentic existence The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 21  JOHN 8:32 Then you will know the truth and the truth will set you free The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 22  REFERENCES Books: Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Sioco, M. and Vinzons, I. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Vibal Group, Inc. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 4 23 The human person as an embodied spirit LESSON 3 TARGETS Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 01 THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT The term “person” came from the Greek word “prosporon” (mask worn by an actor What of a person? Metaphysical Approach – focuses on the kinds of substances or materials and capacities that uniquely make up a human person; Who of a person? Existential Approach – focuses on the kind of life, mode of existence, that is uniquely to a human person The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 02  EMBODIED SPIRIT To embody means to put something abstract such as spirit into a body to give this “something abstract” a concrete form This implies that the human person is made up of a physical state (body) and an abstract state (spirit) The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 03 THREE PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS ON BODY AND SOUL 1. Unspirited Body View - believed that a human person is essentially just his/her body and nothing more. 2. Disembodied Spirit View - believed that a human person is essentially just his/her spirit. Plato’s Concept of the Human Person - Pointed out the dual nature of the human person based on his “two- world theory” 3. Embodied Spirit View - believed that a human person is essentially the unity of his/her body and spirit. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 04 ARISTOTLE’S EMBODIED SPIRIT CONCEPT - regards the soul as the principle of life. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 05  TRANSCENDENCE - Literally it is defined as ‘climbing’ or ‘going beyond’ The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 06  ST. THOMAS’ EMBODIED SPIRIT - the rational soul has dual nature. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 07 WHAT IS TRUTH? The goal of thinking is to know the truth “Only the human person is capable of higher order thinking” “The human person will always seek the truth, specifically the ultimate truth, because that is what he is bound to do in accordance with his nature” The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 08 Universal Truth Relative Truth “Absolutism” “Relativism” - acknowledged by everyone. - acknowledged only by some people. - true in all possible situations - is not true in all possible situation - true for all humans - vary from one person to another e.g. e.g. Human being is mortal. Rocky Road is the most delicious ice Change is the law of nature. cream. It is raining. KINDS OF TRUTH SLIDE The human person as an embodied spirit LESSON 3 09 WAYS OF KNOWING The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 10 METHODS OF TRUTH Theories of Methods of Truth Truth - ways of explaining what makes a statement or belief true. Correspondence, Coherence, and Pragmatic Theories The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 11 GENERAL METHOD OF TRUTH Correspondence - we can know a statement/belief is true by examining whether the statement/belief corresponds to, or represents, a fact in the world. Coherence - we can know a statement/belief is true by examining whether the statement/belief coheres with the rules of relevant system. Pragmatism - we can know a statement/belief is true by examining the consequences of holding or accepting the statement/belief to be true. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 12  1. Observation or perception is the method used to check if an empirical statement, a statement about an observable fact in the world, correctly represents a fact in the world. 2. Reasoning - the process of knowing or establishing truth by means of our reason, can be done in a variety of ways. 3. Intuition - It is the way by which we directly grasp the truth of something. 4. Mystical Experience - provides the person having the experience some means of knowing something which cannot be known using the usual methods of observation by our sense organs and reasoning. 5. Appeal to Authority - may take the form of a testimony of reliable eyewitness, information provided by an appropriate expert, and reliable documents, among others. PARTICULAR METHODS OF TRUTH Methods of Philosophizing SLIDE The human person as an embodied spirit LESSON 3 13  DOXA AND EPISTEME DOXA “Opinion” - is something intermediary between knowledge and ignorance.” - form of nonknowledge EPISTEME “Knowledge” – is certain - it past a test of verification or confirmation. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 14  DOXA AND EPISTEME ARISTOTLE’S - a deductive argument of a certain form SYLLOGISM where a conclusion is inferred from two premises. e.g. Premise 1: All men are mortal. Premise 2: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: “Socrates is mortal.” The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 15 DOXA AND EPISTEME DESCARTES - statements that are false, doubtful, or METHODS OF uncertain cannot be used as a basis for DOUBT knowledge. “Cogito, Ergo Sum” (I think, therefore I am) The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 16  Philosophies of Three Spiritual Transcendence 1.Hinduism - Quest for absolute truth so that the Brahman and Atman (absolute soul) might become one. 2. Buddhism - Shares ‘dharma’ or law of salvation 3. Christianity - Quest for eternity and personal unity of soul, mind, and body The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 17 Evaluating Opinion The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 18  SOURCE - who is the author of the statement? RELIABILITY - how reliable is the person giving the opinion? PURPOSE - Why was the information given? - Does the author give partiality, preference, or BIAS prejudice for or against and idea/ subject matter? ASSUMPTION - What are the ideas presented? Are they willing to prove it? How to Evaluate Opinions The human person as an embodied spirit LESSON 3 SLIDE 19  Romans 8:10 “If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness.” The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 20  REFERENCES Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. The human person as an embodied spirit SLIDE LESSON 3 21 DOING PHILOSOPHY LESSON 1 Identify the meaning of Philosophy and the branches of Philosophy. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 01 WHO IS THE WISEST MAN? SOCRATES AND THE ORACLE OF DELPHI Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 02 “The wise man doesn’t give the right answers, he poses the right questions.” -Claude Levi-Strauss Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 03 Philosophy is a continuous pursuit for wisdom… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 04 Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 05 PHILOSOPHY Philos or Love strong desire for a particular object Sophia or Wisdom correct application of knowledge Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 06 Philosophy is a system of beliefs about reality… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 07 PHILOSOPHY ❖ science that studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons, and principles through the aid of human reason alone. beings all things that exist. material immaterial GOD SOUL SPIRIT Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 08  Existence Knowledge Actions METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY ETHICS Beauty Reasoning AESTHETICS LOGIC MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Doing Philosophy SLIDE 09 LESSON 1 Philosophy is employed as a method of inquiry… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 10  Levels of Inquiries Common Sense Scientific Philosophical - a basic ability to - characterized by the - relating or devoted to perceive, understand, methods and the study of the and judge things that principles of science. fundamental nature of are shared by knowledge, reality and (common to) nearly all existence. people without need for debate. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 11  How do treat inquiries in Philosophy? Universal Particular - refers to the whole - refers to a part of the whole Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 12 Why am I here? Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 13 Are we free? Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 14 Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 15  REFERENCES Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Dar, A. and Tantray M. 2016. Nature of Philosophy. The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337843745_Nature_of_Philosophy. Retrieved, June 29, 2020. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 16 DOING PHILOSOPHY LESSON 1 Identify the meaning of Philosophy and the branches of Philosophy. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 01 WHO IS THE WISEST MAN? SOCRATES AND THE ORACLE OF DELPHI Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 02 “The wise man doesn’t give the right answers, he poses the right questions.” -Claude Levi-Strauss Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 03 Philosophy is a continuous pursuit for wisdom… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 04 Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 05 PHILOSOPHY Philos or Love strong desire for a particular object Sophia or Wisdom correct application of knowledge Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 06 Philosophy is a system of beliefs about reality… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 07 PHILOSOPHY ❖ science that studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons, and principles through the aid of human reason alone. beings all things that exist. material immaterial GOD SOUL SPIRIT Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 08  Existence Knowledge Actions METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY ETHICS Beauty Reasoning AESTHETICS LOGIC MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Doing Philosophy SLIDE 09 LESSON 1 Philosophy is employed as a method of inquiry… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 10  Levels of Inquiries Common Sense Scientific Philosophical - a basic ability to - characterized by the - relating or devoted to perceive, understand, methods and the study of the and judge things that principles of science. fundamental nature of are shared by knowledge, reality and (common to) nearly all existence. people without need for debate. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 11  How do treat inquiries in Philosophy? Universal Particular - refers to the whole - refers to a part of the whole Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 12 Why am I here? Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 13 Are we free? Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 14 Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 15  REFERENCES Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Dar, A. and Tantray M. 2016. Nature of Philosophy. The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337843745_Nature_of_Philosophy. Retrieved, June 29, 2020. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 16 DOING PHILOSOPHY LESSON 1 Identify the meaning of Philosophy and the branches of Philosophy. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 01 WHO IS THE WISEST MAN? SOCRATES AND THE ORACLE OF DELPHI Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 02 “The wise man doesn’t give the right answers, he poses the right questions.” -Claude Levi-Strauss Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 03 Philosophy is a continuous pursuit for wisdom… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 04 Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 05 PHILOSOPHY Philos or Love strong desire for a particular object Sophia or Wisdom correct application of knowledge Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 06 Philosophy is a system of beliefs about reality… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 07 PHILOSOPHY ❖ science that studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons, and principles through the aid of human reason alone. beings all things that exist. material immaterial GOD SOUL SPIRIT Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 08  Existence Knowledge Actions METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY ETHICS Beauty Reasoning AESTHETICS LOGIC MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Doing Philosophy SLIDE 09 LESSON 1 Philosophy is employed as a method of inquiry… Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 10  Levels of Inquiries Common Sense Scientific Philosophical - a basic ability to - characterized by the - relating or devoted to perceive, understand, methods and the study of the and judge things that principles of science. fundamental nature of are shared by knowledge, reality and (common to) nearly all existence. people without need for debate. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 11  How do treat inquiries in Philosophy? Universal Particular - refers to the whole - refers to a part of the whole Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 12 Why am I here? Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 13 Are we free? Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 14 Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 15  REFERENCES Camiloza, L. et.al. 2016. Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Mabaquiao Jr., N. 2017. Making Life Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Dar, A. and Tantray M. 2016. Nature of Philosophy. The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337843745_Nature_of_Philosophy. Retrieved, June 29, 2020. Doing Philosophy SLIDE LESSON 1 16