IoT MIDTERM REVIEWER.pdf

IoT reviewer A. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) It consists of end nodes, routers, and coordinators. End nodes have several sensors attached to them and the data is passed to a coordinator with the help of routers. The coordinator also acts as the gateway that connects WSN to the 2...

IoT reviewer A. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) It consists of end nodes, routers, and coordinators. End nodes have several sensors attached to them and the data is passed to a coordinator with the help of routers. The coordinator also acts as the gateway that connects WSN to the 2 internet. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 1 – STAR TOPOLOGY: Star topology is a communication topology, where each node connects directly to a gateway. – TREE TOPOLOGY: Tree topology is also called a cascaded star topology. In tree topologies, each node connects to a node that is placed higher in the tree, and then to the gateway. – MESH TOPOLOGY: The Mesh topologies allows transmission of data from one node to another, which is within its radio transmission range. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK TOPOLOGIES. TERRESTRIAL: Terrestrial WSNs are capable of communicating base stations 5 efficiently, and consist of hundreds to thousands of wireless sensor nodes deployed either in an unstructured (ad hoc) or structured (Pre-planned) 4 manner.. UNDERGROUND: The WSN networks consist of several sensor nodes that are 3 hidden in the ground to monitor underground conditions.. UNDERWATER: These networks consist of several sensor nodes and vehicles 2 deployed underwater. MULTIMEDIA: Multimedia wireless sensor networks have been proposed to enable tracking and monitoring of events in the form of multimedia. MOBILE: These networks consist of a collection of sensor nodes that can be moved on their own and can be interacted with the physical environment 1 B. CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing is the next step of IoT-enabling technologies that follow once the data is sent to the cloud. Cloud computing includes database schema, server configurations, data analysis, big data, and various sets of tools that can bring insights out of collected IoT data. TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING BASED ON DEPLOYMENT. PUBLIC CLOUD: Public clouds are owned and operated by third-party cloud service providers, which deliver computing resources like servers and storage over the internet.. PRIVATE CLOUD: A private cloud, sometimes termed a corporate cloud, is a cloud computing service deployed over the internet or via a private internal network.. HYBRID CLOUD: Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds; allowing data and applications to move between private and public clouds, a hybrid 3 cloud gives your business greater flexibility and more deployment options and helps optimize your existing infrastructure, security, and compliance. TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING BASED ON SERVICE MODEL. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE: Infrastructure as a Service is also done over the internet but differs from SaaS because it’s a more comprehensive online infrastructure where an organization can develop its own software.. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE: Platform as a Service (PaaS) businesses can remotely, build, run, and manage applications without having to develop and maintain the infrastructure that is usually needed for such technology.. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE: Software as a Service (SaaS) is software that can be accessed from anywhere rather than simply on an organization’s premises, which is how it used to be. C. BIG DATA ANALYTICS The process of collecting, examining, and analyzing large amounts of data to discover market trends, insights, and patterns that can help companies make better business decisions. SO, WHAT MAKES DATA “BIG”? 5 V’s OF DATA:. VOLUME: The name Big Data itself is related to an enormous size. Big Data is a vast 'volumes' of data generated from many sources daily, such as business processes, machines, social media platforms, networks, human interactions, and many more.. VELOCITY: Velocity plays an important role compared to others. Velocity creates the speed by which the data is created in real-time.. VARIETY: Big Data can be structured, unstructured, and semi-structured that are being collected from different sources. VERACITY: Veracity means how much the data is reliable. It has many ways to filter or translate the data.. VALUE: Value is an essential characteristic of big data. It is not the data that we process or store. It is valuable and reliable data that we store, process, and also analyze. D. NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND INFRASTRUCTURE They are the backbone of IoT systems and enable network connectivity and linking to applications. Communication protocols allow devices to exchange data over the network. Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication. Communication technologies such as non-cellular (Zigbee, Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, Radio frequency identification) and cellular networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, NB-IoT) can be the key for such sensor networks to connect and transmit data.. WIRELESS FIDELITY WIFI: Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet access.. ZIGBEE: Zigbee is a low-power wireless local area network (WLAN) that facilitates IoT and machine-to-machine (M2M) networks with low data and power usage. It's primarily used for two-way data transfer between a sensor and a control system, with most connected devices running off of a battery.. LORAWAN: LoRaWAN is a low-power, wide area networking protocol built on top of the LoRa radio modulation technique. It wirelessly connects devices to the internet and manages communication between end-node devices and network gateways.. RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID): uses radio waves to identify people or objects. There is a device that reads information contained in a wireless device or “tag” from a distance without making any physical contact or requiring a line of sight.. BLUETOOTH: Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other without cables or wires. Bluetooth relies on short-range radio frequency, and any device that incorporates the technology can communicate as long as it is within the required distance.. CELLULAR NETWORKS: Cellular network is most commonly the native connectivity method deployed with most cell phones, smartphones, and dial- up devices. It's a mobile-based network used with a radio antenna. These devices are associated with “cells” and can move from cell to cell in order to communicate and maintain communication. E. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS It is a combination of hardware and software used to perform special tasks. It includes a microcontroller and microprocessor memory, networking units (Ethernet Wi-Fi adapters), input-output units (display keyword, etc. ), and storage devices (flash memory). It collects the data and sends it to the internet. Embedded systems used in. Digital camera. DVD player, music player. Industrial robots. Wireless Routers etc.