IoT Lecture 1 PDF

# INTERNET OF THINGS I ## Lecture 1 Internet of Things I Course ### Welcome! - I am Mayar Mostafa, and I will be sharing with you my knowledge through this course. - You can contact me at: [email protected] ## Grading! - Year Work (Tutorial, Attendance, Assignment ... etc.) (10 Marks...

# INTERNET OF THINGS I ## Lecture 1 Internet of Things I Course ### Welcome! - I am Mayar Mostafa, and I will be sharing with you my knowledge through this course. - You can contact me at: [email protected] ## Grading! - Year Work (Tutorial, Attendance, Assignment ... etc.) (10 Marks) - Final Project (10 Marks) - Practical (10 Marks) - Midterm (20 Marks) - Final Exam (50 Marks) ## 01 Internet of Things - General Introduction, What is IoT. ## INTRODUCTION - In our daily lives, the augmented practice of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) plays a paramount role in the development of emerging information societies. - In developed countries, ICT is being employed to develop various innovative applications and services to address the challenges of sustainable societies, thus improving the quality of human lives. - In the modern era, a plethora of things are being connected to each other using underlying network technologies with an aim to promote the paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). ## Internet of Things - IoT is a network of uniquely identifiable connected things (also known as devices, objects, and items) offering intelligent computing services. - Things in IoT are also known as Smart Things that provide feasibility in performing the execution of daily life operations in a rational way. - Moreover, IoT also positively assists the communication process among human beings. ## Internet of Things - IoT comprises diversified technologies including pervasive computing, sensor technology, embedded system, communication technologies, sensor networking, Internet protocols, etc. which eventually underpin the economic growth of modern societies. - The fundamental notion behind IoT is the ubiquitous connectivity among things and human beings. ## As and Cs concept in the IoT - The basic idea of IoT can be conceived as a representation of various As and Cs. - The image shows a circular diagram with the words: Any Time, Any Device, Computing, Collection, Any Business, Any Thing, Any Where, Any Network, Connectivity, Convergence, Any Context, and Internet of Things. ## Thing as a new dimension to endorse IoT - IoT can be seen as an addition of the third dimension named “Thing" to the plane of ICT world, which is fundamentally based on two dimensions of Place and Time. - This "anything" dimension ultimately boosts the ubiquity by enabling new forms of communication of humans and things and between things themselves. - The image shows a diagram with arrows connecting three boxes. The boxes say: Any Thing Connection, Any Place Connection, and Any Time Connection. - Inside the boxes, there are lists of items such as: - Any Thing Connection: - Day - Night - 24/7 - Any Place Connection: - Outdoor - Indoor - On Move - Any Time Connection: - Human to Human - Things to Things - Human to Things - Things to Human ## 02 IoT Concept - Evolution of IoT Concept ## The concept of ubiquitous computing through smart devices - The concept of ubiquitous computing through smart devices dates back to the early 1980s when a Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University was connected to the Internet and able to report its inventory of cold drinks. - Similarly, Mark Weiser in 1991 provided the contemporary vision of IoT through the terminologies of ubiquitous computing and pervasive computing. - Raji in 1994 elaborated the concept of home appliance automation to entire factories. - In 1999, Bill Joy presented frameworks wherein device-to-device communication could be formed. - In the same year, the term "Internet of Things" was promoted by Kevin Ashton during his work on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) infrastructure at the Auto-ID Center of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). ## Technological progression in IoT - The evolution of IoT with reference to the technological progress in Internet conception. - The typical Internet introduced in the early 1990s was only concerned with the generation of static and dynamic contents on the World Wide Web (WWW). - Later on, large-scale production and enterprise-level business collaborations initiated the creation of web services which laid the foundation of Web 2.0. - Nevertheless, with the proliferation of affordable smartphones and tablets, social network apps become dominant on the Internet. - In current situation, advancements in embedded system, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), and Web of Things (WoT) technology enabled the communication of things over the Internet. - The image shows a diagram with five boxes. The boxes say: - Pre-Internet: - Telephone - SMS - Internet of Contents: - WWW - Internet of Services: - Web 2.0 - Internet of People: - Social Web - IoT: - M2M - WSN - Wot ## 03 IoT Vision - IoT as convergence of three visions ## The IoT vision - The IoT vision can be seen in terms of things centric and Internet centric. - The things-centric vision encompasses the advancements of all technologies related to the notion of "Smart Things." - The Internet-centric vision involves the advancement of network technologies to establish the connection of interactive smart things with the storage, integration, and management of generated data. - Based on these views, the IoT system can be seen as a dynamic distributed network of smart things to produce, store, and consume the required information. - The IoT vision demands significant advances in different fields of ICT (i.e. digital identification technology, communication technology, networking technology, computing technology, and distribution system technology), which are in fact the enabling technologies or fundamental elements of IoT. ## IoT as convergence of three visions - The IoT paradigm can be envisioned as the convergence of three elementary visions: - Things-oriented vision - Network-oriented vision - Semantic-oriented vision - The image shows a Venn diagram with three overlapping circles, each representing one of the following: - Things-oriented Vision: - RFID - NFC - Sensor - Things Communication - IP for Smart Devices - Ad-hoc Networks - Web of Things - Internet-oriented Vision: - Smart-Semantic Middleware - Semantic-oriented Vision: - Smart Objects - Al Technologies - Learning Technologies - Reasoning over Data - The center where all circles overlap, is labelled "IoT." ## Things-oriented vision - Things-oriented vision at the initial level promotes the idea of things network through unique identifiable Electronic Product Code (EPC). - Things-oriented vision in the present form is evolved into smart sensor networks. - In Internet-oriented vision, Internet Protocol for Smart Object (IPSO) communities is formed to realize the challenging task of smart sensor communication. - Considering unique identification through Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, IPSO communities are working for the interoperability of smart things (having sensors) to IP protocol technologies. - Finally, the Semantic-oriented vision provides the solution to deal with the huge amount of data generated by the IoT devices. IoT architectural layers and associated protocols have been structured in these three envisions. ## 04 IoT Definition - IoT definitions presented by different standard organizations. ## Internet of Things - Considering the facts of similarity with peer technologies and envision the convergence of three different visions, it is not an easy job to provide a precise definition of IoT. - In simple words, IoT could be deemed as a system wherein things are connected in such a manner that they can intelligently interact with each other as well as to humans. - However, to better comprehend IoT, a number of standard organization and development bodies have provided their own definitions, such as: ## Institute of Electronic and Electric Engineering (IEEE) - "The Internet of Things (IoT) is a framework in which all things have a representation and a presence in the Internet. More specifically, the IoT aims at offering new applications and services bridging the physical and virtual worlds, in which Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications represents the baseline communication that enables the interactions between Things and applications in the Cloud." ## Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) - "System where the Internet is connected to the physical world via ubiquitous sensors." ## National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - "Cyber Physical systems (CPS) – sometimes referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) – involves connecting smart devices and systems in diverse sectors like transportation, energy, manufacturing, and healthcare in fundamentally new ways. Smart Cities/Communities are increasingly adopting CPS/IoT technologies to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of their operation and improve the quality of life." ## International Standard Organization (ISO) - "It is an infrastructure of interconnected objects, people, systems, and information resources together with intelligent services to allow them to process information of the physical and the virtual world and react." ## Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - "In the vision of IoT, "things" are very various such as computers, sensors, people, actuators, refrigerators, TVs, vehicles, mobile phones, clothes, food, medicines, books, etc. These things are classified as three scopes: people, machines (for example, sensor, actuator, etc.) and information (for example, clothes, food, medicine, books, etc.). These 'things' should be identified at least by one unique way of identification for the capability of addressing and communicating with each other and verifying their identities. In here, if the 'thing' is identified, we call it the 'object'." ## International Telecommunication Unit (ITU) - "IoT is type of network that is available anywhere, anytime, by anything and anyone." ## 05 IoT Characteristics - IoT Basic characteristics ## IoT Fundamental characteristics - Considering all perspectives of modern-day IoT systems, a few generic and vital characteristics can be outlined: - The image shows a circle with six bubbles around it, each containing a word. The words are: Security, Sensor data collection, storage, processing, Connectivity, Device heterogenous, Scalability. - These characteristics are: ## Sensor Data Acquisition, Storage, Filtering and Analysis - The plethora of distributed Sensors (or smart things) gather observation of physical environment/entity and direct to Cloud for storage and analytics with an ultimate objective to improve business workflow. ## Connectivity - IoT has made possible the interconnectivity of Physical and Virtual things with the help of the Internet and global communication infrastructure (that is built using wired and wireless technologies). ## Device Heterogeneity and Intelligence - The interoperability of devices (based on different hardware and network platforms) with the provisioning of ambient intelligence at the hardware/software level supports intelligent interactions. ## Scalability - The plethora of IoT devices connectivity shifts human interactions to device interactions. ## Security - The security paradigm is required to be implemented at the network level as well as the end-devices level to ensure the security of data. ## 06 Advantages and Disadvantages of IoT - The pros and cons associated with developed and upcoming IoT systems. ## Advantages - Enhanced comfort and convenience through IoT-based ambient assisted living (AAL) applications improve the quality of life. - In IoT-based systems, device-to-device interactions provide better efficiency in terms of fast reception of accurate results that ultimately save time. - Automation of daily activities through IoT devices provides a better quality of services. - Optimum utilization of resources in IoT systems saves money. ## Disadvantages - Interoperability and compatibility of heterogeneous devices in IoT systems. - The complexity of IoT-based systems results in more failures. - There exist risks of increased unemployment in societies due to the adoption of IoT-based systems in the industrial sector. - The ubiquitous and pervasive nature of IoT systems has increased the risks of losing security and privacy. ## THANKS! - Do you have any questions?